The reinforcing ability of the fillers results in significant improvements in properties of polymer matrix at extremely low filler loadings as compared to conventional fillers. In view of this, the ...present review article describes the different methods used in preparation of different rubber nanocomposites reinforced with nanodimensional individual carbonaceous fillers, such as graphene, expanded graphite, single walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and hybrid fillers consisting combination of individual fillers. This is followed by review of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young modulus, and fracture toughness) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, melting point) of these rubber nanocomposites. Finally, Payne and Mullin effects have also been reviewed in rubber filled with different carbon based nanofillers.
Herein, Fe3O4 nano-particles are anchored over nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4@N-rGO) structure to accommodate electric and magnetic components, so that it could match both the ...conduction and polarization loss to augment the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation. The formation of condensed heteroaromatic structure and decoration of Fe3O4 particles on r-GO structure are confirmed by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Fe3O4@N-rGO hybrid is subsequently dispersed in epoxy matrix, which result in significantly higher electrical conductivity (1.31 s/m) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (−26 dB at 1 mm thickness). It was assumed that presence of electric-magnetic integrated Fe3O4@N-rGO hybrid in epoxy matrix significantly improved the interfacial polarization and anisotropy energy, which was reflected in absorption loss value of −27 dB. The composites also exhibited enhanced mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties coupled with improved thermal stability.
Fe3O4 nano-particles are anchored over nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4@N-rGO) structure to accommodate electric and magnetic components perquisites for electromagnetic microwave radiation shielding. The presence of electric-magnetic integrated Fe3O4@N-rGO hybrid significantly improved the interfacial polarization, which is reflected in absorption loss value of −27 dB. Display omitted
The increase in the use of electronic devices and communication systems and their critical applications in the military, industrial, commercial and consumer sectors have generated undesirable ...electromagnetic pollution, known as electromagnetic interference (EMI). This results in the lowering of their efficiency, including malfunctioning, and also has harmful effects on wildlife and humans. Therefore, in the last few decades, considerable research efforts have been focused on the shielding of this undesirable electromagnetic interference, leading to the development of efficient microwave absorption and EMI shielding materials. This article is focused on reviewing the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of carbonaceous, magnetic, and dielectric materials, their polymers, and intrinsically conducting polymer nanocomposites. The performances of core-shell nanocomposites and the importance of the hollow morphology in the development of high-performance microwave absorption and shielding materials are also reviewed. We also provide a conclusion and future perspectives on EMI shielding and microwave absorption.
This extensive review article critically overviews the newest research on the performance of a diverse array of EMI shielding materials by opening up an inventive flatland for designing next-generation high-performing EMI shielding materials.
•Green reduction of GO using mung bean soaked water has been demonstrated.•The isolation of reduced is very simple and precludes extra purification process.•The specific capacitance of rGO is 137Fg−1 ...at a current density of 1.3Ag−1.•The retention in specific capacitance is ∼98% after 1000 charge–discharge cycles.
Green reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using drained water from soaked mung beans (Phaseolus aureus L.) has been demonstrated. In comparison to the toxic and hazardous reducing chemicals, the drained water from soaked mung beans (P. aureus L.) is completely green reducing agent, the reduction process is very simple and cost effective. The removal of oxygen containing functional groups of GO has been confirmed by UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Morphological characterization of rGO has been performed by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Electrochemical performances of rGO have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The specific capacitance (SC) of rGO has been found to be 137Fg−1 at a current density of 1.3Ag−1. The retention in SC is more than 98% after 1000 charge–discharge cycles suggesting long-term electrochemical cyclic stability as supercapacitor electrode materials.
The present work is focused on the preparation of Fe nanorods by the chemical reduction of FeCl3 (aq) using NaBH4 in the presence of glycerol as template followed by annealing of the product at 500°C ...in the presence of H2 gas flow. Subsequently, its surface has been modified by silica followed by silver nanoparticles to form silica coated Fe (Fe@SiO2) and Ag encapsulated Fe@SiO2 nanostructure employing the Stöber method and silver mirror reaction respectively. XRD pattern of the products confirmed the formation of bcc phase of iron and fcc phase of silver, though silica remained amorphous. FESEM images established the growth of iron nanorods from the annealed product and also formation of silica and silver coating on its surface. The appearance of the characteristics bands in FTIR confirmed the presence of SiO2 on the Fe surface. Magnetic measurements at room temperature indicated the ferromagnetic behavior of as prepared iron nanorods, Fe@SiO2 and silver encapsulated Fe@SiO2 nanostructures. All the samples exhibited strong microwave absorption property in the high frequency range (10GHz), though it is superior for Ag encapsulated Fe@SiO2 (−14.7dB) compared with Fe@SiO2 (−9.7dB) nanostructures of the same thickness. The synthesized Ag encapsulated Fe@SiO2 nanostructure also exhibited the SERS phenomena, which is useful in the detection of the carcinogenic dye crystal violet (CV) upto the concentration of 10−10M. All these findings clearly demonstrate that the Ag encapsulated Fe@SiO2 nanostructure could efficiently be used in the environmental remediation.
Iron nanorods are prepared by thermal annealing of borohydride reduced product of FeCl3 and its surface has been modified by SiO2 followed by Ag. These Ag encapsulated Fe@SiO2 nanostructures exhibit ferromagnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties as well as SERS activity. Display omitted
•Ag coated Fe@SiO2 nanorods have been prepared employing a simple method.•This nanostructure shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.•It exhibits enhanced microwave adsorption property compared to pure Fe.•Ag shell on the surface of Fe@SiO2 nanostructure induces SERS activity.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) hybrid in different weight ratios were prepared by solution mixing. MWCNT–CRGO (1:1) hybrid exhibited better dispersion ...stability in dry THF and characterized. Subsequently, it was used as reinforcing filler in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites by solution intercalation. Further investigations showed that 0.25 and 0.50 wt.‐% MWCNT–CRGO (1:1) loaded TPU exhibit significant improvement in thermal stability (40 °C at 50% weight loss) and storage modulus (206% at 50 °C) respectively. This is attributed to homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interaction between TPU and filler.
High performance multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) (1:1) hybrid fi lled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites prepared by the solution intercalation method exhibit thermal stability and enhanced mechanical properties at room temperature.
Good quality nanorods of Sb2S3 have been synthesized by a simple wet chemical method under refluxing conditions. In this, tartaric acid has been successfully used as a complexing agent to grow these ...single-crystalline nanorods at a comparatively much lower temperature (115 °C) than reported earlier (180−200 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED) studies showed that the rods correspond to the pure orthorhombic phase of Sb2S3, the phase purity of which is further confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A possible growth mechanism has been discussed on the basis of a series of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the product obtained at different durations. The effect of concentration of tartaric acid on the formation of Sb2S3 and its morphology has also been discussed. The morphology of the final product remained same for different sulfur sources used, though there is small change in dimension. The band gap was found to be 1.56 eV, suitable for photovoltaic applications.
TiS2–MWCNT hybrid as high performance anode in lithium-ion battery Kartick, B.; Srivastava, Suneel Kumar; Mahanty, Sourindra
Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology,
09/2013, Letnik:
15, Številka:
9
Journal Article
The present work reports the preparation of hybrids by simple dry grinding of titanium sulfide (TiS
2
) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in different weight ratio and their ...characterization. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies indicated the presence of interaction between the TiS
2
and MWCNT. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of three-dimensional architecture and co-dispersion in TiS
2
–MWCNT (1:1) hybrid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of TiS
2
and MWCNT in the prepared hybrid. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an increase in thermal stability with higher MWCNT content. The results of the electrochemical analyses indicated that TiS
2
–MWCNT (1:1) hybrid exhibited an enhanced performance as lithium-ion battery anode. The initial specific capacity was found to be ≈450 mAh g
−1
with 80 % retention in capacity after 50 discharge–charge cycles. These values are significantly higher compared to those for TiS
2
, MWCNT or other TiS
2
–MWCNT hybrids. Such improved performance is attributed to the presence of a synergistic effect between TiS
2
and MWCNT.
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