Zrenjski ravnik je kraška uravnava v severni Istri na Hrvaškem, ki ima na severnem in južnem robu obsežna območja ponornega kontaktnega krasa. Vodotoki pritekajo z eocenskih klastičnih kamnin in ...ponikajo v zakrasele karbonatne kamnine pretežno kredne starosti. Na območju smo opravili morfografsko, morfostrukturno in morfometrično analizo in nato morfogenetsko in morfodinamično interpretacijo. Zaključili smo, da je razvoj kontaktnega krasa potekal vsaj v treh različnih fazah. Najprej je deloval kot korozijska uravnava v plitvem krasu, kasneje je prišlo do tektonskega dviga in antecedentnega vrezovanja vodotokov v korozijsko uravnavo. Šele v zadnji fazi je prišlo do pretočitve površinskih tokov v podzemlje in oblikovanja kontaktnega krasa.
Proučevano območje Žibrške planote z okolico je z morfografskega vidika eno od najbolj pestrih fluviokraških območij v Sloveniji. Namen naše raziskave je interpretacija fluviokraških oblik in ...procesov ter načina delovanja fluviokraških geomorfoloških okolij. V raziskavi smo interpretirali delovanje fluviokraškega površja Žibrške planote in dolin, ki planoto razčlenjujejo. Pojasnili smo tudi delovanje dolin v okolici Žibrške planote, kjer so se površinski vodotoki pretočili v kraški vodonosnik, ter interpretirali geomorfološki razvoj Hotenjskega in Logaškega kraškega polja.
Kraška polja v Sloveniji Stepišnik, Uroš
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
08/2021
53
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Kraška polja so kotanje v krasu, ki so zelo pogoste zlasti na Dinarskem krasu. Kljub številnim skupnim značilnostim se pojavljajo v zelo različnih kraških okoljih in delujejo na različne načine. V ...raziskavi je predstavljena nova tipizacija kraških polj, ki poenostavlja dosedanje tipizacije. Polja opredeljuje glede na geomorfološko okolje, v katerem se pojavljajo, kot ojezerjena, prelivna, pritočna in predledeniška. V raziskavi smo na osnovi nove tipizacije opredelili vseh 35 kraških polj v Sloveniji.
A new study of corrosion plains in Slovenia provides a systematic classification based on their geological settings and morphology. They are grouped into four types: karst plains, dry poljes, ...marginal plains of contact karst, and marginal plains of fluviokarst. Karst plains are the largest, formed through denudation under stable tectonic and hydrogeological conditions. Dry poljes are closed basins composed of bedrock and scattered sediment. Marginal plains of contact karst are formed at the boundary between non-karst and karst environments, while marginal plains of fluviokarst result from multiphase formation of poljes due to tectonic activity. This study enhances understanding of corrosion plains and can assist in their identification and management in karst areas.
This study investigates the spatial distribution of karst in Slovenia using advanced GIS technologies and accurate lithology, hydrology, and digital relief data. Previous approaches led to an ...incomplete understanding of karst distribution, as they focused on carbonate lithologies and surface features. Our integrated two-step identification method, involving GIS layer overlays and manual review of lithology data, resulted in a comprehensive digital spatial database. We found that karst covers 49.7% of Slovenia's total area, with a diverse range of associated lithologies. This research has important implications for managing and protecting karst aquifers, forest planning, agricultural subsidies, and glacial geomorphology studies, and enables further processing and enhancement by the karst research community.
The morphology of collapse dolines varies according to their maturity and effectiveness of the removal of collapsed material. In addition, the variable balance between various geomorphic processes ...due to local geologic, hydrologic and climatic settings results in a diverse morphology of collapse dolines and dynamics of their morphogenesis. A single generalised proposed sequence of collapse dolines morphogenesis has therefore limited value and more detailed study is needed in terrains which differ in terms of geology, hydrology and/or climate. There is a particularly well exposed karst in Stockyard Gully National Park in the southwestern coastal part of Western Australia, formed in Quaternary aeolianites, consisting of a dense field of collapse dolines up to 100 m in diameter and on average 10 m deep. Extensive field work combined with available data of local rock stratigraphy and a comparison to collapse dolines worldwide revealed that the principal processes of collapse doline formation in Stockyard Gully National Park are similar to processes responsible for collapse doline formation worldwide (i.e., collapses above underground chambers and removal of the collapsed material). However, rock characteristics in the area influence their morphometry due to the mechanical weakness of aeolianite compared to well-cemented limestones, and a surface calcrete layer with stronger mechanical resistance than underlying aeolianite. Consequently, we propose a new 4-stage multiphase breakdown sequence of collapse doline morphogenesis in aeolianites, divided into cave dome, calcrete caprock dome, young collapse doline, and mature collapse doline. Calcrete caprock dome is stabilised by the uppermost well cemented calcrete and represents a distinctive phase just before the final breakdown to form an actual collapse doline.
•Mechanically resistant layer of calcrete influence collapse doline formation.•4-stage sequence of collapse dolines formation in aeolianites is introduced.•Mature collapsed dolines in study area formed between 100 and 3 ka.
The article presents a simple quantitative model for geodiversity evaluation, which merges spatial relationship of geodiversity elements with terrain data. The model is partially automated in ...geographic information system tools to eliminate the majority of subjectivity in evaluation. As a result, it can be used for different environment types and is applicable for comparative studies. The method was applied to the Škocjan Caves Regional Park, which is one of the most diverse karst areas in the world. The geodiversity element types were identified through remote sensing data and basic field mapping. Their diversity was subsequently defined through block statistic tools in a geographic information system programme. The geodiversity index was calculated from a number of different geodiversity element types within defined spatial units and from the terrain ruggedness index. Areas of high geodiversity index or geodiversity hotspots are in strong correlation with the most diverse areas of the regional park, which are also currently promoted for geotouristic and educational purposes.
Na kraškem površju Slovenije najdemo več sto večjih udornic. Njihova dna lahko prekrivajo podorni bloki, melišča ali prst. Na ponornem obrobju krasa, kjer voda prenaša večje količine alohtonega ...materiala, so dna mnogih udornic zapolnjena z ilovnatimi sedimentnimi uravnavami. Podrobneje sem preučil 15 udornic v bližini Postojnskega jamskega sistema. Pokazalo se je, da so ilovnate sedimentne uravnave na istih nadmorskih višinah v večih sosednjih udornicah hkrati. Nivoji sedimentnih uravnav so primerljivi z višinami zapolnitev poplavne ilovice v bližnjih jamskih rovih. Proces sedimentacije in uravnavanja dnov udornic v nivoje je posledica poplav, ki so segale nad dna udornic in so povzročile sedimentacijo ilovnatega materiala in uravnavanje v njihovem dnu. Zato lahko na podlagi nadmorskih višin sedimenta v dneh udornic predvidevamo dinamiko sedimentacije v kraškem podzemlju, hkrati pa lahko na podlagi razvoja jamskega sistema ugotavljamo razvoj udornic. Several hundred collapse dolines are recorded on the Slovenian karst surface. Their fl oors are covered with boulders, scree or a soil layer. In ponor karst areas, where water transports signifi cant amount of allochtonous material, many collapse doline fl oors are made level by deposits of loamy sediment. This discussion relates to a detailed study of 15 collapse dolines near the Postojna cave system. Loamy sediment appears within several neighboring collapse dolines and covers their fl oors at approximately the same altitude. The sediment level preserved in the collapse dolines is commonly at the same elevation as fl ood loam deposits within nearby caves. It transpires that the fl attening of the collapse doline fl oors is a result of fl ooding inside the karst that extended above the original fl oors of the collapse dolines. It is possible to predict some of the sedimentation dynamics inside the karst on the basis of the elevations of the loamy sediments within the collapse dolines. On the other hand, it is also possible to fi nd out about collapse doline development by studying the processes inside cave systems.
We describe a systematic and data-driven approach to karst terminology where knowledge from different textual sources is structured into a comprehensive multilingual knowledge representation. The ...approach is based on a domain model which is constructed in line with the frame-based approach to terminology and the analytical geomorphological method of describing karst phenomena. The domain model serves as a basis for annotating definitions and aggregating the information obtained from different definitions into a knowledge network. We provide examples of visual knowledge representations and demonstrate the advantages of a systematic and interdisciplinary approach to domain knowledge.
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