Anemijo standardno laboratorijsko ugotavljamo kot zmanjšanje koncentracije hemoglobina in zmanjšanje števila eritrocitov in/ali hematokrita v volumski enoti krvi za več kot dva standardna odklona pod ...povprečno vrednostjo za starost. Za ugotavljanje vzroka anemije in uspešno zdravljenje je pomembno poznavanje fiziologije eritropoeze ter normalnih vrednosti laboratorijskih kazalnikov pri donošenem in nedonošenem novorojenčku. V preglednem prispevku najprej opišemo fiziologijo eritropoeze in nato pojasnimo osnovne laboratorijske hematološke parametre. Sledi poglavje o manj pogostih laboratorijskih kazalnikih za vrednotenje aktivnosti kostnega mozga, ki bi jih lahko večkrat uporabljali v vsakdanji praksi in se tako izognili obširnemu jemanju krvi. Predstavljamo klinični pristop k novorojenčku z anemijo. Zadnje poglavje posvečamo anemiji nedonošenčka, ki se v mnogočem razlikuje od anemije donošenega novorojenčka.
The standard laboratory definition of anaemia is a decrease in both the haemoglobin concentration and the number of erythrocytes and/or haematocrit in the volume of blood by more than 2 standard ...deviations below the mean value for age. To determine the cause of anaemia and successful treatment, it is important to know the physiology of erythropoiesis and the normal values of laboratory indices in the full-term and premature newborn. In this review article, we first describe the physiology of erythropoiesis, then explain the basic laboratory haematological parameters. This is followed by a section on less frequently determined laboratory indices for evaluating bone marrow activity that could be used more frequently in daily practice to avoid more extensive blood sampling. We describe the clinical approach to a newborn with anaemia. The last section is devoted to anaemia in the premature infant, which differs in many ways from anaemia in the full-term newborn.
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