During the Second World War, several Cossack units served in the German armed forces, and their movements and combat operations were already the subject of scholarly research and popular ...historiography. Contrasting the majority of published works, based on German military sources and focused on deployment and anti-partisan combat activities, this paper aims to analyze and showcase the First Cossack Cavalry Division on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) from a perspective of civilian victims and Croatian authorities. Such perspective portrays the Cossacks as uncompromising and exceptionally efficient fighters against communism and resistance, but also as undisciplined villains, leaving the trail of crimes, robbery, rape, molest and murder of civilians. The paper is mostly based on unpublished historical sources from the Archives of Yugoslavia and the Military Archives in Belgrade.
The article analyses political, religious and propaganda activity of Vasilije (Vasa) Šurlan, an orthodox priest, during the Second World War, as one of the very few documented cases of ideological ...collaboration between ethnic Serbs and NDH state authorities. Motivation, nature and genesis of collaboration are particularly in the focus of this paper, hence some less known and academically not used historical documents, including Šurlan’s letters from 1941, are published here.
This paper will analyze the status that various religious communities
enjoyed in the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska;
hereafter NDH), focusing on the legal status and ...relations, both practical
and financial, these communities enjoyed with the Ustasha movement and state
authorities. The religious question was a key political problem in the NDH:
the treatment of different religious communities serves as a paradigm of the
character of the NDH as a state. Numerous studies have been written on the
participation of Catholic clergy in the atrocities of the Ustasha movement
and the NDH with the earliest being published immediately after the end of
the war in 1945. The persecution of the Serbian Orthodox Church has been
well documented in a number of important studies. Instead, this article will
focus on legal and administrative issues and financial exchange between
various religious communities and the NDH authorities as well as the state?s
program of mass religious conversion since these illustrate the authentic
intentions of the Ustasha regime and the Roman Catholic Church in Croatia,
as the dominant social and political forces in the state, regarding state
religious policy. The article is largely based on primary archival sources
drawn from the Croatian and Serbian state archives.
Progressives the world over cherish high hopes in the development of institutions for collective actions. Among these institutions, commons have a long history in western Europe. While a new ...institutional economics emerged in the 1960s, commons were not taken seriously in postwar economics before the seminal work of Elinor Ostrom in the late 1980s. How can we explain this belated integration of commons in economics? In this paper, we trace some of the origins of the neoclassical comparative institutional analysis. By advocating an institutional comparison in terms of the costs or the value of production under alternative allocations of property rights, Ronald Coase contributed to the narrow theoretical approach taken by new institutional economists. In the late 1960s, neoclassical economists who came to be interested in environmental questions dismissed commons as inefficient solutions to allocation problems. Within this narrow framework, the private enterprise system more often than not was hailed as the best alternative.
During a study on soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and their natural enemies in Serbia, the parasitoid
Coccophagus shillongensis
Hayat and Singh
1989
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: ...Aphelinidae), a new species for Serbia, was recorded. Originates from India, from where it was incidentally introduced to Europe and first recorded for in Greece in 2017. Since then, there are no other data on this parasitoid. During our research in 2016–2018, the species was registered in the area of Belgrade at eight localities. It was eclosed from six species of soft scales, five of which were new hosts. In addition to adult females, it also parasitizes instar nymphs, which was not known until now. The finding of males of this species in Serbia represents the first record outside India.
Although it is yet to be systematically investigated where the initiative for fiscal decentralization came from, limited evidence suggests that decentralization offers great opportunities to improve ...the delivery of public services, and that the result depends on the type of decentralization that has been implemented and the institutions that implement it. Not rare are the examples that decentralization is implemented haphazardly without a proper legal framework and clearly defined rules or is simply imported from another country, without taking into account whether the local authorities in the country are able to carry out their responsibilities. Decentralization is often a matter of political reality, and in itself, it is neither good nor bad. Fiscal decentralization is especially topical in many countries due to fears of further growth in public spending. Data on the extent of public spending in most countries, especially in the last two decades show the constant increase in public spending in GDP. The results of numerous studies on the subject indicate the high degree of correlation between fiscal decentralization and growth of public spending in a way that centralization is associated with a greater share of public spending in GDP. Therefore, a part of the professional community has long held the view that fiscal decentralization contributes to greater efficiency in the allocation of resources and reduces the amount of public spending.
This research aimed to study the diversity of soft scale parasitoids and examine their potential in the biological control of harmful Coccidae on cultivated and ornamental plants. Forty species of ...parasitoid wasps from four families (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were reared and determined from 16 species of soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae). A total of 6,249 individuals of parasitoid wasps were collected from 35 localities in Serbia from 2014 to 2017. The most numerous genera are
Metaphycus
with 10,
Coccophagus
with 7, and
Blastothrix
with five reared species. The most abundant species is
C
.
lycimnia
, reared from second-instar larvae of all 16 species of scale insects and from females of 11 soft scale species, with a total of 1,053 individuals. Of the 40 identified species, 15 are new to the fauna of Serbia:
Coccophagus piceae
,
Coccophagus proximus
,
Coccophagus silvestrii
,
Encarsia gigas
(Aphelinidae),
Adelencyrtus intersectus
,
Anagyrus schoenherri
,
Blastothrix brittanica
,
Blastothrix erythrostetha
,
Blastothrix hedqvisti
,
Encyrtus infidus
,
Metaphycus hageni
,
Metaphycus stanleyi
,
Metaphycus unicolor
,
Microterys hortulanus
(Encyrtidae) and
Eunotus obscurus
(Pteromalidae). Ninety-nine (99) hymenopteran/coccoid associations were identified in this study, of which 16 associations are new.
The Testament of St. Theodore the Studite is a script that represents the conclusion of his work, the meaning and the testimony of his prior and shepherd activity. What is even more interesting, at ...the beginning of this paper, St. Theodore has exposed his view of the Orthodoxy of several venerable fathers, among which he mentioned St. Abba Dorotheus and, in particular, St. Barsanuphius the Great. This article aims to carry out philological and theological-historical analysis of this very interesting apology.
This paper presents a historical commentary on arguments in theory of property that reinforce the vision of strong and clear property rights dominant in developmental policy today. Building upon the ...article from Duncan Kennedy in 2013 that analyses this vision, this paper tackles additional issues in emergence of the vision. In doing that the paper relies on broadly genealogical approach to focus on a binary opposition that has been present in the theory of property almost since its historical establishment in Western thought. This methodology allows us to conceptualize the problem in more substantive terms than Kennedy does and show how radical shift is necessary to overcome the problems that the vision entails.
The relative level of fiscal revenue in relation to the total aggregate domestic product or national income is a central indicator to be established in the national economy. This indicator is the ...“tax ratio”. The tendency of almost every economic and especially fiscal policy is that this indicator expresses the optimal ratio between the part of the domestic product or national income, which is intended to be used for the settlement of public needs and the general economic aggregate of the latter economic categories. Its special importance lies in the design concept of medium-term or long-term social and economic development. It is necessary to determine the framework of the global distribution of the domestic product or national income, which is acceptable, on the one hand, from the perspective of a balanced and stable economic growth, and on the other hand, from the standpoint of balancing interests of all social structures of modern mixed societies.
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