Protein
-sulfhydration is a newly discovered post-translational modification of specific cysteine residue(s) in target proteins, which is involved in a broad range of cellular functions and metabolic ...pathways. By changing local conformation and the final activity of target proteins,
-sulfhydration is believed to mediate most cellular responses initiated by H₂S, a novel gasotransmitter. In comparison to protein
-sulfhydration, nitric oxide-mediated protein
-nitrosylation has been extensively investigated, including its formation, regulation, transfer and metabolism. Although the investigation on the regulatory mechanisms associated with protein
-sulfhydration is still in its infancy, accumulated evidence suggested that protein
-sulfhydration may share similar chemical features with protein
-nitrosylation. Glutathione persulfide acts as a major donor for protein
-sulfhydration. Here, we review the present knowledge on protein
-sulfhydration, and also predict its formation and regulation mechanisms based on the knowledge from protein
-nitrosylation.
Pancreatic β-cell mass expands during pregnancy and regresses in the postpartum period in conjunction with dynamic metabolic demands on maternal glucose homeostasis. To understand transcriptional ...changes driving these adaptations in β-cells and other islet cell types, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on islets from virgin, late gestation, and early postpartum mice. We identified transcriptional signatures unique to gestation and the postpartum in β-cells, including induction of the AP-1 transcription factor subunits and other genes involved in the immediate-early response (IEGs). In addition, we found pregnancy and postpartum-induced changes differed within each endocrine cell type, and in endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells within islets. Together, our data reveal insights into cell type–specific transcriptional changes responsible for adaptations by islet cells to pregnancy and their resolution postpartum.
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•ScRNA-seq of pancreatic islets comparing virgin, pregnant, and postpartum mice•Islet cell types exhibit unique transcriptomic responses in pregnancy and postpartum•β-cells show induction of immediate early genes (IEGs) in pregnancy and postpartum•IEGs in β-cells do not correlate with apoptosis and may mediate cell survival
Pregnancy; Molecular physiology; Transcriptomics
These twelve essays explore the nature of south Asian agrarian society and examine the extent to which it changed during the period of British rule. The central focus of the book is directed to ...peasant agitation and violence and four of the studies look at the agrarian explosion that formed the background to the 1857 Mutiny. The essays give a coherent historical treatment of the Indian peasant world, and the paperback edition of this successful book will be of interest to the student of peasant studies and to the sociologist as well as to development economists and agronomists generally.
These twelve essays explore the nature of south Asian agrarian society and examine the extent to which it changed during the period of British rule. The central focus of the book is directed to ...peasant agitation and violence and four of the studies look at the agrarian explosion that formed the background to the 1857 Mutiny. The essays give a coherent historical treatment of the Indian peasant world, and the paperback edition of this successful book will be of interest to the student of peasant studies and to the sociologist as well as to development economists and agronomists generally.
Aims Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important gasotransmitter, is involved in a variety of cellular functions and pathophysiologic processes. Drug resistance due to alterations in drug trafficking and ...metabolism severely limits the effectiveness of cancer therapy. This study examined the role of H2S in drug resistance in liver cancer cells. Materials and methods Human primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant cells were used in this study. Cell survival was analyzed by MTT, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and clonogenic assay. Western blotting was used for analysis of protein expression, and immunoprecipitation was used to determine interactions of LXR/RXR. Key findings The expression of H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) was inhibited by doxorubicin treatment in HepG2 cells, and H2S sensitized Dox-inhibited cell survival and colony formation. In addition, H2S promoted cellular retention of Dox by suppressing the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG8. H2S significantly blocked Dox-induced heterodimer formation between LXRα and RXRβ and attenuated the binding of LXRα/RXRβ to the promoters of ABCA1 and ABCG8 genes. RXRβ but not LXRα was S-sulfhydrated by H2S, and blockage of RXRβ S-sulfhydration abolished the inhibitory role of H2S on LXRα/RXRβ heterodimer formation. CSE expression was reduced in Dox-resistant cells in comparison with their parental cells, while H2S could reverse drug resistance in Dox-resistant cells. Significance Our study provides a novel solution for reversing drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting H2S signalling.
Hydrogen sulfide (H
S), an important gasotransmitter, is involved in a variety of cellular functions and pathophysiologic processes. Drug resistance due to alterations in drug trafficking and ...metabolism severely limits the effectiveness of cancer therapy. This study examined the role of H
S in drug resistance in liver cancer cells.
Human primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant cells were used in this study. Cell survival was analyzed by MTT, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and clonogenic assay. Western blotting was used for analysis of protein expression, and immunoprecipitation was used to determine interactions of LXR/RXR.
The expression of H
S-generating enzyme cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) was inhibited by doxorubicin treatment in HepG2 cells, and H
S sensitized Dox-inhibited cell survival and colony formation. In addition, H
S promoted cellular retention of Dox by suppressing the expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG8. H
S significantly blocked Dox-induced heterodimer formation between LXRα and RXRβ and attenuated the binding of LXRα/RXRβ to the promoters of ABCA1 and ABCG8 genes. RXRβ but not LXRα was S-sulfhydrated by H
S, and blockage of RXRβ S-sulfhydration abolished the inhibitory role of H
S on LXRα/RXRβ heterodimer formation. CSE expression was reduced in Dox-resistant cells in comparison with their parental cells, while H
S could reverse drug resistance in Dox-resistant cells.
Our study provides a novel solution for reversing drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting H
S signalling.
Recent discoveries of water ice trapped within lunar topsoil (regolith) have placed a new emphasis on the recovery and utilization of water for future space exploration. Upon heating the lunar ice to ...sublimation, the resulting water vapor could theoretically transmit through the lunar regolith, to be captured on the surface. As the permeability of lunar regolith is essential to this process, this paper seeks to experimentally determine the permeability and flow characteristics of various gas species through simulated lunar regolith (SLR). Two different types of SLR were compacted and placed into the permeability setup to measure the flow-rate of transmitted gas through the sample. Darcy’s permeability constant was calculated for each sample and gas combination, and flow characteristics were determined from the results. The results show that Darcy’s permeability constant varies with SLR compaction density, and identified no major difference in permeable flow between the several tested gas species. Between the two tested SLR types, JSC-1A was shown to be more permeable than NU-LHT under similar conditions. In addition, a transition zone was identified in the flow when the gas pressure differential across the sample was less than ∼40kPa.
(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) William Porcher DuBose is a perhaps the "greatest theologian that the Episcopal Church in the United States of America has produced." A modern ...biographer, Robert Boak Slocum, has called him "the most original and creative theologian to appear in the more than 200-year history of the Episcopal Church" and, in fact, "the only important creative theologian that the Episcopal Church in the United States has produced." ...the 150 remaining letters--now housed at the South Carolina Historical Society--provide vivid accounts of a young officer's wartime experiences, ranging from observations on the life of the men in the ranks to informed commentary on military operations.
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