Background Previous epidemiological studies have established a link between diabetes and increased prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD). C-reactive protein is indicated as a marker for the ...PAD, but also as a factor that probably participate in the development and progression of the illness. Objective to evaluate predictive significance of CRP for PAD in patients with diabetes type 2. Methods eighty patients with diabetes type 2 aged 45–70, treated with oral anti diabetic drugs were divided into two groups (with and without PAD), based on the value of ankle brachial index (ABI). After five years, all patents were reexamined and divided into subgroups depending on whether they developed PAD or whether the initially diagnosed PAD progressed according to ABI values also. We defined ABI decline from one category to another as a marker of PAD progression. Results during this period, 8 patients (21.1%) from group A showed a decrease in ABI and progression of PAD (subgroup A1) and 30 patients (79.9%) had no change in ABI (subgroup A2). At the same time in Group B in 22 patients (52.4%) there was a decrease in ABI (subgroup B1), which meant that they developed PAD and in 20 patients (47.6%) there was no ABI changes nor development of PAB (subgroup B2). Analysis of the studied parameters showed that patients in subgroup A1 had the highest and patients in subgroup B2 the lowest levels of hs-CRP. Using one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, difference in hs-CRP levels was found between subgroups A1, A2, B1 and B2 at the first examination (4.69 ± 0.95 vs. 3.934 ± 0.42 vs. 4.034 ± 0.55 vs. 2.05 ± 0.24, p = 0.005), as well as at the control exam (5.046 ± 1.79 vs. 4.37 ± 1.95 vs. 5.16 ± 2.39 vs. 2.43 ± 0.85, p<0.001). Subgroups of subjects with PAB (A1, A2 and B1) were compared to subjects without PAB subgroup (B2). High sensitive CRP was the only parameter that differed between subjects with and without the PAB (4.09 ± 2.36 vs. 3.09±2.21, p<0.001) at the beginning and five years later (4.75± 2.11 vs. 2.43± 0.85, p<0.000). An analysis of ROC curves was made and the cut-off point for hs-CRP was 2.5 mg/dL, with specificity of 75% and sensitivity of 73.3% (χ2 = 14.76, p < 0.001). The cut-off for hs-CRP tested by Cochran Mantel-Haenszel method was useful for differentiating patients with PAB and those without PAD. Odds Ratio for the obtained cut-off point for hs-CRP was 8.25, (95% CI = 2.58–2.64, p < 0.001). Relative risk for PAB was 2.93 times higher if the value of hs-CRP is greater than or equal to 2.5 mg / L. Conclusion Our data showed that the level of hs-CRP of 2.5 mg/L was that discriminative value that indicates the risk for development and/or progression of PAD in patients with diabetes type 2. Furthermore, our investigation has found that the hs-CRP value greater than 2.5 mg / L increase the risk for PAD approximately three times.
The use of family planning methods reduces maternal mortality, prevents unwanted and high-risk pregnancies, the need for (un)safe abortion and protects from sexually transmitted diseases. The ...objective of the study was to assess the use of family planning methods by women in the municipality of Nis. We applied an observational cohort study that included 1,584 women age 15-49 who lived in the municipality of Nis. Data was collected through the opinion poll examination, which took place in the municipality of Nis from February to September 2002. We found 81.9% of interviewees having sexual relations protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy permanently or occasionally; 18.1% do not. Of interviewees who do not use protection and have sexual relations, 28.1% think it harms health and 27.7% think it is unsafe. Among women who use contraceptive protection, 57.9% use traditional (unsafe) methods while 42.1% use modern methods. Interviewees who use contraception mostly choose a particular method of their own accord without consultation (52.9%); 58.2% estimate their method of contraception as partly safe, 6.8% as unsafe and 35% as completely safe. As to the reason for contraception use, 40.4% state they already have their preferred number of children, 22.4% use contraception for health reasons, 17% because they are not married, 7.6% because of poor economic condition, and other reasons are present in significantly lesser percentages. Of the interviewees, 29.3% had intentionally interrupted pregnancies. The use of family planning methods is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly begin promoting protection of reproductive health and the use of modern family planning methods as a part of the nurturing of healthy lifestyles.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Phyllochron, defined as the time between full elongation of successive leaves, influences the development of cereals. The aim of this study was to examine the mode of inheritance and gene effects of ...phyllochron in winter two-rowed barley and determine its genetic relationship with other agronomic traits. The genetic basis of phyllochron in six malting barley hybrids involving seven varieties and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations was studied at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Phyllochron was estimated using Haun scale where growing-degree-days (GDD) was used as time scale. Parental means were different in five of the six crosses. Additive genetic effects predominated in the crosses studied, but epistasis involving dominance gene action was also important. One or more types of epistasis were significant in the five crosses. Phyllochron was negatively correlated with leaf number, kernels/spike, and kernel weight/plant. Leaf number was positively associated with time to heating and kernels/spike.
Phyllochron, defined as the time between full elongation of successive leaves, influences the development of cereals. The aim of this study was to examine the mode of inheritance and gene effects of ...phyllochron in winter two-rowed barley and determine its genetic relationship with other agronomic traits. The genetic basis of phyllochron in six malting barley hybrids involving seven varieties and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations was studied at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Phyllochron was estimated using Haun scale where growing-degree-days (GDD) was used as time scale. Parental means were different in five of the six crosses. Additive genetic effects predominated in the crosses studied, but epistasis involving dominance gene action was also important. One or more types of epistasis were significant in the five crosses. Phyllochron was negatively correlated with leaf number, kernels/spike, and kernel weight/plant. Leaf number was positively associated with time to heating and kernels/spike.
Rural areas in Serbia alongside their general undevelopment and demographic senility have been poorly equipped with transport, tourist and other infrastructure. This generally represents limitation ...factor for a sustainable development of villages and rural areas. Development of rural environment based on future vision of the space, which is not always realistic and possible solution. In practice, strategic planning has to assure sustainability and quality of the development through implementation of Sustainable strategic projects.
Sustainable development and ecological ethics Jevtić, P., Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija, Vranje (Serbia); Stošić-Mihajlović, Lj., Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija, Vranje (Serbia)
2011
Conference Proceeding
A man and his environment are inseparable, interrelated and interdependent. Constant improvement and development and technology technique cause changes in the environment. These changes are much more ...threatening than improving relations man and his environment, which ultimately results in the problem of survival of man. It is vital development of environmental ethics in this way that humanity can not easily move through the environmental problems or to postpone them. It takes more attention to ecology and environmental management as a scientific discipline and skills that can ensure sustainable development as an effort to present resources leave a legacy for generations to come at least in that form and at a level that the legacy of the past than previous generations. Ecology as a science, if consistently implemented in practice, can solve many human problems and the management it connects its key parameters which form a frame that is capable of its implementation in the best way.
Solar architecture as a response to the energy and economic crises Mihajlović, P., Ministarstvo životne sredine, rudarstva i prostornog planiranja, Beograd (Serbia); Stošić-Mihajlović, Lj., Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija, Vranje (Serbia)
Ecologica (Serbia),
(2011), Letnik:
18, Številka:
62
Journal Article
Although business cycles in the form of development and recession and an integral part of world economy, the last world recession that began in 2008th in America and then spread the world, has opened ...new questions and dilemmas. One of these issues, for example, is there a mutual connection and dependence of financial crisis, which immediately preceded the recession and climate change and energy crisis? Also, an important question may be whether the economic crisis is just good opportunities for developing synergies between seemingly conflicting requirements of environmental and economic interests? These questions can be sought principled response to the nature of industrial production, which induces a long-term economic growth and thereby directly contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The concept of solar architecture and environmental self-heating home is a project that explores and develops its third decade. The house with the reflecting surfaces is an idea that was conceived in late 70s.
Introduction. Attributing characteristics of living beings to inanimate objects and extending them to almost all the properties of life (reproduction, birth, development, and death) indicates a shift ...in the boundaries in children’s understanding of concepts and processes. It directly affects the relationship that a child establishes with life and the readiness to accept puppets in Serbian language classes and fairy tales as a literary genre closest to the process of students’ maturing. If we examine the fairy tale through the prism of puppets and puppet theater, we can expect that an innovative approach to educational practice will result in pushing the boundaries of play, as well as easing the transition process from play activities in preschool institutions to fairy tales in first-grade reading textbooks. Changes in the educational process inevitably lead to amendments to the Regulations on the Curriculum in order to align the instruction process with the cognitive and age-related abilities of first-grade primary school students. The extent to which the content of the Serbian language curriculum in the first grade of primary school has changed can be inferred from the example of Serbian original fairy tales. The purpose of the study. Identify opportunities to identify and improve overall student performance indicators using the example of an original fairy tale in primary school first grade. Materials and methods. Through a comparative analysis of the didactic-methodological model of first-grade primary school readers from publishing houses BIGZ školstvo, Eduka, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Kreativni centar, and Nova škola, we will attempt to examine the changes in original fairy tales in contemporary conditions and verify their alignment with the Regulations on the Curriculum. We will identify and provide opportunities for enhancing general achievement of students in the areas of Speech, Reading Skills and Comprehension, and Literature at all levels. Results. Upon examination, we have related the prevalence and potential of puppet play, using the example of puppet theater designed in a way that transforms the faceless puppet into a teaching aid that serves as a mediator between the child and the fairy tale. The development of skills and competencies related to the social, emotional, and aesthetic aspects of first-grade primary school students is linked to children's development, acquisition of knowledge, and competencies at the level of the educational process, emphasizing the importance of opportunities for enhancing children's play through the example of fairy tales. Conclusions. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is reflected in the proposal to improve the position of Serbian original fairy tales in the first grade of primary school, identifying specific possibilities for enhancing general achievement of students through questions, assignments, and tasks that are part of the didactic-methodological model.
Stationary field experiment pertaining to the winter wheat in Croatia was performed during the three seasons. This study’s intention was to examine and diagnose the effect of tillage systems (TS) on ...soil chemical properties (soil acidity, phosphorus P, potassium K, and organic matter content). The TSs were as follows: CT — ploughing up to 30 cm depth, DT — disking up to 8-12 cm depth, LT — loosening up to 35 cm depth, and NT — no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomised block design in four repetitions, in which the basic TS plot amounted to 540 m2. Soil sampling for 0-30 cm soil layer was performed prior to setting up the experiment and subsequent to the three seasons with a total of 320 soil samples. Chemical analysis was performed according to standard pedological procedures. Economic indicators were calculated using economic equations and standards, whereas statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Generated results indicate that the expressed accumulation of phosphorus and potassium appeared with a distinct vertical stratification in the systems with shallower tillage or no-tillage. At the same time, these TSs ensured the soil organic matter and soil fertility preservation. A conservable agricultural production of reduced soil tillage systems has its efficiency and vigor while providing soil degradation.
Stacionarni poljski pokus za ozimu pšenicu u Hrvatskoj proveden je tijekom triju sezona . Namjera ovoga istraživanja bila je ispitati i dijagnosticirati utjecaj sustava obrade tla (TSs) na kemijska svojstva tla (kiselost tla, sadržaj fosfora, kalija i organske tvari. TSs-i su bili CT — oranje do 30 cm dubine; DT — tanjuranje do 8-12 cm dubine; LT — rahljenje do 35 cm dubine; NT — bez obrade tla. Eksperimentalni dizajn je bio randomizirani blok dizajn u četiri ponavljanja, u kojem je osnovna TSs parcela bila 540 m2 . Uzorkovanje za sloj tla 0-30 cm obavljeno je prije postavljanja pokusa i nakon triju sezona s ukupno 320 uzoraka tla. Kemijska analiza provedena jer prema standardnim pedološkim postupcima. Standardna statistička analiza provedena softverom SAS 9.3 i Microsoft Excel 2016. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju da se na sustavima s plićom obradom ili bez obrade javlja izražena akumulacija fosfora i kalija uz izraženu vertikalnu stratifikaciju. Istodobno ovi TSs-i osiguravaju konzervaciju organske tvari tla i očuvanje plodnosti tla. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja uz primjenu reduciranih sustava obrade tla ima svoju učinkovitost i snagu kroz sprječavanje degradacije tla.
