Abstract
This study aims to determine the need for learning physics due to the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is a preliminary study with a descriptive approach and the instrument used is a ...questionnaire. The research subjects were 30 high school teachers consisting of 30 schools in two provinces of East Java and Central Sulawesi. The data analysis of this research is descriptive qualitative obtained based on the teacher’s answers. This study shows that several learning components influence overcoming learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely technological developments, learning models, and learning media. This study concludes that it is necessary to develop physics learning devices as an alternative to learning during the covid-19 pandemic.
A simple graph G=(V,E) is said to be an H-covering if every edge of G belongs to at least one subgraph isomorphic to H. A bijection f:V∪E→{1,2,3,…,V+E} is an (a,d)-H-antimagic total labeling of G if, ...for all subgraphs H′ isomorphic to H, the sum of labels of all vertices and edges in H′ form an arithmetic sequence {a,a+d,…,(k-1)d} where a>0, d≥0 are two fixed integers and k is the number of all subgraphs of G isomorphic to H. The labeling f is called super if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices. A graph that admits (super) (a,d)-H-antimagic total labeling is called (super) (a,d)-H-antimagic. For a special d=0, the (super) (a,0)-H-antimagic total labeling is called H-(super)magic labeling. A graph that admits such a labeling is called H-(super)magic. The m-shadow of graph G, Dm(G), is a graph obtained by taking m copies of G, namely, G1,G2,…,Gm, and then joining every vertex u in Gi, i∈{1,2,…,m-1}, to the neighbors of the corresponding vertex v in Gi+1. In this paper we studied the H-supermagic labelings of Dm(G) where G are paths and cycles.
An edge-magic total (EMT) labeling on a simple graph G with p vertices and q edges is a bijection f: V∪E→{1, 2, ..., p + q} such that for each edge xy of G, f(x) + f(xy) + f(y) = k, for a fixed ...positive integer k. Moreover, an EMT labeling f is a super edge-magic total labeling (SEMT) if f(V) = {1, 2, ..., p}. Furthermore, a graph G is called a super mean (SM) graph if there exists an injective function f from the vertices of G to {0,1,2,...,q} such that when each edge uv is labeled with (f(u) +f(v))/2 when f(u) +f(v) is even, and (f(u) +f(v) + 1)/2 when f(u) +f(v) is odd, then the resulting edge labels are distinct. There are two essentials results that will be proposed in this paper. In the first result, we show that a graph (n, 1) − F Caterpillar has a SM labeling and a graph Hu,y K¯n has a SEMT labeling. In the second result, we will give an application of these labeling to increase the security level of Affine Cipher in which to encrypt a text on socials media.
Let H be a graph with the chromatic number h and the chromatic surplus s. A connected graph G of order n is called H-good if R(G,H) = (n − 1)(h − 1) + s. We show that Pn is 2Km-good for n ≥ 3. ...Furthermore, we obtain the Ramsey number R(L,2Km), where L is a linear forest. In addition, we also give the Ramsey number R(L,Hm) which is an extension for R(kPn,Hm) proposed by Ali et al. 1, where Hm is a cocktail party graph on 2m vertices.
Let be a simple graph. An edge covering of is a family of subgraphs such that each edge of graph belongs to at least one of the , subgraphs. If each is isomorphic with the given graph , then it ...is said that contains a covering. The graph G contains a covering and the bijectif function is said an the magic labeling of a graph G if for each subgraph of is isomorphic to , so that is a constant. It is said that the graph G has a super magic if in this case, the graph G which can be labeled with magic is called the covering graph magic. A star graph with n points is a graph with points and sides, where point is degree and the other point has degree denoted by . This study aims to determine the presence of covering labeling for the super-magic star on the star graph. The research methodology is literature study. The results show that the star graph for has magic covering labeling with magic constants for all covering is and the super-magic covering labeling with magic constants for all covering is .
Passenger waiting time is the time required by passengers starting from the stops until getting transport. The purpose of this research is to get the model of waiting time passengers on the freight ...line in the Palu city. The first step is the preparation of directed graphs based on the existring routes, then calculate the mileage and travel time using synchronization rules and power algorithm with initial vector = 0 obtained the value = 2, = 1 and = 102by using the appplication rock Scilab 5.5.2 and Map-Plus Toolbox obtained eigenvalues as the departure period of 102 and eigenvektor as the initial departure time.Keywords : Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Max-Plus Algebra, Waiting Time.
ABSTRACT
Meatballs are foods made from meat, shrimp, fish chopped and crushed together with starch and egg white, usually formed roundly. Meatballs have health benefits for the human body because of ...the content contained in animal protein, vitamins and fat. However, in the manufacture of meatballs for the benefit of many, sellers often use the wrong way by using borax chemicals on meatballs. Therefore, this study aims to build a design tool in the form of borax detection on meatballs based on android. The tool works by processing the input data obtained from a color sensor coupled with an LED (Light Emitting Diode) to the microcontroller on Arduino Uno R3. The data is processed by implementing the Mamdani fuzzy logic method as a decision to state the output output of borax detector on meatballs. Furthermore, the output output displayed on the device using a sample of 12 meatballs obtained tool accuracy of 75%.
Keywords : Boraks, Color Sensor, Fuzzy Logic, Microcontroller, Meatball.
Let = ( , ) be a simple graph. An edge covering of is a family of subgraphs 1 , … , such that each edge of ( ) belongs to at least one of the subgraphs , 1 ≤ ≤ . If every is isomorphic to a given ...graph , then the graph admits an − covering. Let be a containing a covering , and the bijectif function : ( ∪ ) → {1,2,3, … , | | + | |} is said an −magic labeling of if for every subgraph ′ = ( ′ , ′ ) of isomorphic to , is obtained that ∑ ( ) + ∑ ( ) ∈ ( ′ ∈ ( ) ′ ) is constant. is said to be −super magic if ( ) = {1, 2, 3, … , | |}. In this case, the graph which can be labeled with -magic is called the covering graph −magic. The sum of all vertex labels and all edge labels on the covering − super magic then obtained constant magic is denoted by ∑ ( ). The duplication graph 2 of graph 2 ( ) is a graph obtained from two copies of graph , called and ′ , with connecting each respectively vertex in with the vertexs immediate neighboring of ′ in ′ . The purpose of this study is to obtain a covering super magic labeling for of 2 ( ) on ( 2 ( )) for ≥ 4 and 3 ≤ ≤ − 1. In this paper, we have showed that duplication path graph ( 2 ( )) has 2 ( ) covering super magic labeling for ≥ 4 and 3 ≤ ≤ − 1 with constant magic for all covering is ∑ ( 2 ( ) ( ) ) = ∑ ( 2 ( ) ( +1) )
Batik merupakan salah satu warisan seni budaya bangsa Indonesia yang ada untuk terus dipertahankan dan dikembangkan. Upaya ini dilakukan dengan memperbanyak motif--motif baru yang salah satunya ...dengan mengekplorasi keunikan alam yang ada. Alam Sulawesi Tengah dengan keunikan flora-nya, yaitu bunga anggrek dengan nama Latin Calanthe Triplicata merupakan jenis tanaman endemic yang diekplorasi guna mendapatkan motif baru untuk menambah keragaman Batik di Indonesia. Etnomatematika merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu matematika untuk membahas hubungan antara matematika dan budaya yang dapat digunakan untuk membentuk pola Batik, khususnya bentuk fraktal. Bentuk fraktal adalah suatu objek yang tampak memiliki kemiripan diri yang simetris satu sama lain jika dilihat pada skala tertentu dan merupakan bagian terkecil dari keseluruhan struktur objek. Di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan bentuk fraktal dengan mentransformasi tanaman anggrek sebagai branding unik untuk motif batik Sulawesi Tengah. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh berupa metif-motif baru yang unik, menarik dan elegan yang kita sebut dengan motif Sambuang, Rekang, Kecrek dan Angkan.
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