Due to the existence of multiple rotating parts in the planetary gearbox-such as the sun gear, planet gears, planet carriers, and its unique planetary motion, etc.-the vibration signals generated ...under multiple fault conditions are time-varying and nonstable, thus making fault diagnosis difficult. In order to solve the problem of planetary gearbox composite fault diagnosis, an improved particle swarm optimization variational mode decomposition (IPVMD) and improved convolutional neural network (I-CNN) are proposed. The method takes as input the spectrum of the original vibration signal that contains rich information. First, the automatic feature extraction of signal spectrum is performed by I-CNN, while a classifier is used to diagnose the fault modes. Second, the composite fault signal is decomposed into multiple single fault signals by adaptive variational mode, and the signal is decomposed as a model input to diagnose the single fault component. Finally, a complete intelligent diagnosis of planetary gearboxes is conducted. Through experimental verification, the composite fault diagnosis method combining IPVMD and I-CNN will diagnose the composite fault and effectively diagnose the sub-fault included in the composite fault.
To better understand the function of melatonin in tomato fruit ripening and quality improvement, a label‐free quantitation method was used to investigate the proteins that differ between the control ...(CK) and 50 μm melatonin treatment (M50) fruits. Proteomics data identified 241 proteins that were significantly influenced by melatonin. These proteins were involved in several ripening‐related pathways, including cell wall metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, carbohydrate, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the application of exogenous melatonin increased eight proteins that are related to anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening. Additionally, the affected protein levels correlated with the corresponding gene transcript levels. Further, the total anthocyanin content from M50 increased by 52%, 48%, and 50% at 5, 8, and 13 DAT (day after melatonin treatment), respectively. The melatonin‐mediated promotion of fruit ripening and quality might be due to the altered proteins involved in processes associated with ripening. In this work, we indicated that a senescence‐related protein was downregulated in the M50 fruit, while a cell apoptosis inhibitor (API5) protein was upregulated. In addition, peroxidases (POD9, POD12, peroxidase p7‐like) and catalase (CAT3) significantly increased in the M50 fruits. Based on the previous studies and our data, we inferred that melatonin might be positively related to fruit ripening but negatively related to fruit senescence. This research provides insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin‐mediated fruit ripening as well as the anthocyanin formation process in tomato fruit at the protein concentration level, and we reveal possible candidates for regulation of anthocyanin formation during fruit ripening.
Seed germination is a critical and complex process in the plant life cycle. Although previous studies have found that melatonin can promote seed germination under salt stress, the involvement of ...melatonin in the regulation of proteomic changes remains poorly understood. In this study, a total of 157 proteins were significantly influenced (ratio ≥ 2 or ≤ -2) by melatonin during seed germination under salt stress using a label-free quantitative technique. Our GO analysis revealed that several pathways were obviously regulated by melatonin, including ribosome biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and storage protein degradation. Not only stress-tolerant proteins but also proteins that produce ATP as part of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle were upregulated by melatonin. Overall, this study provides new evidence that melatonin alleviates the inhibitory effects of NaCl stress on seed germination by promoting energy production. This study is the first to provide insights at the proteomic level into the molecular mechanism of melatonin in response to salt stress in cucumber seeds. This may be helpful to further understand the role of melatonin in cucumber seed germination under stress conditions.
Glioblastomas (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and radiotherapy plays a critical role in its therapeutic management. Unfortunately, the development of radioresistance is ...universal. Here, we identified calcium-regulated heat-stable protein 1 (CARHSP1) as a critical driver for radioresistance utilizing genome-wide CRISPR activation screening. This is a protein with a cold-shock domain (CSD)-containing that is highly similar to cold-shock proteins. CARHSP1 mRNA level was upregulated in irradiation-resistant GBM cells and knockdown of CARHSP1 sensitized GBM cells to radiotherapy. The high expression of CARHSP1 upon radiation might mediate radioresistance by activating the inflammatory signaling pathway. More importantly, patients with high levels of CARHSP1 had poorer survival when treated with radiotherapy. Collectively, our findings suggested that targeting the CARHSP1/TNF-α inflammatory signaling activation induced by radiotherapy might directly affect radioresistance and present an attractive therapeutic target for GBM, particularly for patients with high levels of CARHSP1.
Anthocyanins are important components in the peel of red pears and contribute to the appearance of the fruit. Melatonin application is known to affect anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the effect of ...preharvest melatonin application on fruit coloration remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of preharvest melatonin application on pigmentation, phenolic compounds, and the expression of related genes in Nanhong pear (Pyrus ussuriensis). The applications were performed during the pre-color-change period by spraying 50 or 200 µmol L−1 of melatonin on fruits. We found that treatment with melatonin had a significant effect on color development. The concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols were enhanced by melatonin treatment, whereas hydroxycinnamate and flavanol concentrations were reduced. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that the transcription levels for most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin-related transcription factors were induced by melatonin. Melatonin application also stimulated the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes and consequently caused an increase in endogenous melatonin concentration. These results provide insights into melatonin-induced fruit coloration and will facilitate the application of exogenous melatonin in agriculture.
Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic targeted therapy has improved the treatment of certain solid tumors, but effective regimens remain elusive for refractory recurrent/metastatic ...nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC). We conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and activity of camrelizumab plus apatinib in platinum-resistant (cohort 1, NCT04547088) and PD-1 inhibitor resistant NPC (cohort 2, NCT04548271). Here we report on the primary outcome of objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints of safety, duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. The primary endpoint of ORR was met for cohort 1 (65%, 95% CI, 49.6-80.4, n = 40) and cohort 2 (34.3%; 95% CI, 17.0-51.8, n = 32). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were reported in 47 (65.3%) of 72 patients. Results of our predefined exploratory investigation of predictive biomarkers show: B cell markers are the most differentially expressed genes in the tumors of responders versus non-responders in cohort 1 and that tertiary lymphoid structure is associated with higher ORR; Angiogenesis gene expression signatures are strongly associated with ORR in cohort 2. Camrelizumab plus apatinib combination effectiveness is associated with high expression of PD-L1, VEGF Receptor 2 and B-cell-related genes signatures. Camrelizumab plus apatinib shows promising efficacy with a measurable safety profile in RM-NPC patients.
Memristor with low‐power, high density, and scalability fulfills the requirements of the applications of the new computing system beyond Moore's law. However, there are still nonideal device ...characteristics observed in the memristor to be solved. The important observation is that retention and speed are correlated parameters of memristor with trade off against each other. The delicately modulating distribution and trapping level of defects in electron migration‐based memristor is expected to provide a compromise method to address the contradictory issue of improving both switching speed and retention capability. Here, high‐performance memristor based on the structure of ITO/Ni single‐atoms (NiSAs/N‐C)/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/Au is reported. By utilizing well‐distributed trapping sites , small tunneling barriers/distance and high charging energy, the memristor with an ultrafast switching speed of 100 ns, ultralong retention capability of 106 s, a low set voltage (Vset) of ≈0.7 V, a substantial ON/OFF ration of 103, and low spatial variation in cycle‐to‐cycle (500 cycles) and device‐to‐device characteristics (128 devices) is demonstrated. On the premise of preserving the strengths of a fast switching speed, this memristor exhibits ultralong retention capability comparable to the commercialized flash memory. Finally, a memristor ratioed logic‐based combinational memristor array to realize the one‐bit full adder is further implemented.
In this paper, a novel Ni single‐atoms (NiSAs/N‐C) based non‐volatile memristor to address the contradictory issue of improving both switching speed and retention capability is designed. The device exhibits an ultrafast switching speed of 100 ns and ultralong data retention capability (106 s). After fitting the Arrhenius equation to achieve a data retention lifetime over 10 years.
The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades. However, systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been ...thoroughly resolved. In this study, a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene (nr
SSU
, nr
LSU, tef-1α, rpb1
and
rpb2
) sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling. In addition, ITS sequence data of species belonging to the
Lecanicillium
lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements. Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence, two new genera (
Flavocillium
and
Liangia
), 16 new species and four new combinations are introduced. In the new genus
Flavocillium
, one new species
F. bifurcatum
and three new combinations previously described as
Lecanicillium
, namely
F. acerosium, F. primulinium
and
F. subprimulinium
, are proposed
.
The genus
Liangia
is built by the new species
Lia. sinensis
with
Lecanicillium-
like asexual morph, isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria yunnanensis
. Due to the absence of
Paecilomyces hepiali
, an economically and medically significant fungus, in the earlier phylogenetic analyses, its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time. Here,
P. hepiali
is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples. It is assigned to the genus
Samsoniella
(Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) possessing
Cordyceps
-like sexual morph and
Isaria-
like asexual morph, and thus a new combination, namely
S. hepiali
is proposed
.
An additional nine new species in
Samsoniella
are described:
S. alpina, S. antleroides, S. cardinalis, S. cristata, S. lanmaoa, S. kunmingensis
,
S. ramosa, S. tortricidae
and
S. yunnanensis.
Four new species in
Cordyceps
are described:
C. chaetoclavata, C. cocoonihabita, C. shuifuensis
and
C. subtenuipes
.
Simplicillium yunnanense
, isolated from synnemata of
Akanthomyces waltergamsii
, is described as a new species.
The features signals of early fault collected from planetary gearbox are usually weak. It is difficult to extract effective fault features from the collected vibration signals under noise ...environment. In this paper, a new feature learning method for fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox based on deep conditional variational neural networks (CVNN) is proposed. First, the new method utilizes multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to model the normal distribution features of frequency spectra from noisy vibration signals. Second, the new features are obtained by resampling normal distribution features in order to eliminate the effect of noise. Then the denoised features are compressed and reduced dimensionally by MLP. Third, the effective denoised features are input to classifier. Finally, the trained CVNN is applied for intelligent fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox. The experimental results confirm that CVNN method can extract effective fault features from noisy vibration signals, and it has higher accuracy of fault diagnosis than other methods in the case of low signal to noise ratio (SNR) values.
Cumulative doses of 200 mg/m
for concurrent cisplatin (DDP) were indicated by retrospective studies as sufficient in conferring survival benefit for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma ...(LA-NPC). We performed an open-label, phase II, randomized, controlled trial to test the noninferiority of a two-cycle 100 mg/m
concurrent DDP regimen over three-cycle in patients with low-risk LA-NPC with pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA levels < 4,000 copies/mL.
Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive two cycles or three cycles concurrent DDP-based chemoradiotherapy. The primary end point was 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary end points included overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, etc.
Between September 2016 and October 2018, 332 patients were enrolled, with 166 in each arm. After a median follow-up of 37.7 months, the estimated 3-year PFS rates were 88.0% in the two-cycle group and 90.4% in the three-cycle group, with a difference of 2.4% (95% CI, -4.3 to 9.1,
= .014). No differences were observed between groups in terms of PFS, overall survival, and the cumulative incidences of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis. Patients in the three-cycle group developed significantly more grade 3-4 mucositis (41 24.8%
25 15.1%), hyponatremia (26 15.8%
14 8.4%), and dermatitis (9 5.5%
2 1.2%). The overall all-grade and grade 3-4 toxicity burdens were heavier in three-cycle group (T-scores, 12.33
10.57,
< .001 for all grades; 1.76
1.44,
= .05 for grade 3-4). Patients in the three-cycle group also showed more all-grade hearing impairment, dry mouth and skin fibrosis, and impaired long-term quality of life.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus two cycles of concurrent 100 mg/m
DDP could be an alternative treatment option for patients with low-risk LA-NPC.
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