As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the ...field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.
The present study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tephrosia tinctoria (TT). This medicinal plant was rich in phenol and flavonoids groups of compounds. ...They reduced the silver nitrate into silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and which were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDAX) patterns and FT-IR. The XRD analysis illustrated that the silver nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. The SEM and TEM analyses revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the particle size was found to be less than 100nm. The antidiabetic ability of the AgNPs was tested and the results showed significant free radical scavenging ability, inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase) and enhancement of Glucose uptake rate. The FT-IR result revealed that the presence of various functional groups around AgNPs.
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•Flavonoids and phenolic groups play a major role in the formation of AgNPs.•The green synthesized AgNPs inhibited the free radicals, enzymes and increased the glucose uptake.•The AgNPs has enhanced the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. Carbon nanocomposites have gained considerable interest in different fields including ...biomedical applications due to its exceptional structural dimensions and outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics. The significant advances made in carbon nanocomposite over past years along with the discovery of new nanocomposite processing technologies to improvise the functional impact of nanotube and graphene composites by providing proper methods of synthesis and improving the production of diverse composite based on carbon nanomaterials are discussed. Carbon nanocomposites are applied in various fields such as aviation, batteries, chemical industry, fuel cell, optics, power generation, space, solar hydrogen, sensors, and thermoelectric devices. The recent design, fabrication, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanocomposites such as active carbon, carbon black, graphene, nanodiamonds, and carbon nanotubes are explained in detail in this research. It is found that unlike traditional fiber composites, Van der Waals force interfacial compounds have an important effect on the mechanical performance of carbon nanomaterial-based composites.
We studied the electrochemical corrosion of AA6063 aluminium composite fabricated using the stir casting technique and processed using Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Potentiodynamic ...polarisation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were used to assess the corrosion resistance of a metal and ceramic mixture reinforced aluminium composite under various processing conditions. The corrosion resistance of the fabricated composite increased with addition of the metallic reinforcement. The AA6063/(12%)Si3N4/(6%)Cu(NO3)2 composite exhibited a 63% lower corrosion rate. Increased dislocation density, grain processing, participate re-distribution, alteration of the cathodic site surface, and an increase in the number of grain boundaries changed the corrosion behaviour after ECAPA. Elongated grains and grain boundaries are more susceptible to combative solutions, resulting in corrosion at these locations owing to lower corrosion resistance than cast specimens. However, after ECAP, the specimen exhibits a shallow and uniformly corroded surface. Subsequently, a Pin-on-Disc tribometer was used for the dry sliding tribological characterisation of the nitride and nitrate particle reinforced AA6063/Si3N4/Cu(NO3)2 hybrid metal matrix composite according to the ASTM G99-05 standards using L27 orthogonal array. The ECAPA with the process parameters of 10 N applied load, 1000 m sliding distance, and 400 rpm sliding speed yielded 73% higher wear resistance for the above composite compared to the cast composite, along with a 40.7% reduction in the coefficient of friction.
Biosurfactant producing bacterial strains were isolated from oil-contaminated sites at Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai, the potential strain was selected and identified as Pseudomonas ...aeruginosa TEN01 by 16 S rRNA sequencing technique. Biosurfactant was produced from cassava solid waste from the sago industry. Further, it was extracted by solvent extraction and partially purified by column chromatography. The partially purified biosurfactant was qualitatively analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), quantitatively analyzed by anthrone assay and characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Rf value and chemical groups confirm the presence of glycolipid in the partially purified biosurfactant. GC-MS results confirmed the presence of long-chain fatty acids and carbohydrate which is found to be mainly present in glycolipids. Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules which have been found to be the best alternative to chemical-based surfactants. The present study focuses on modifying the cell surface using a biosurfactant from P. aeruginosa TEN01 to enhance membrane permeabilization. Antibacterial and chemotaxis properties of biosurfactant from P. aeruginosa TEN01 were found to be better towards Xenorhabdus poinarii, a bio-pesticide producing microbial strain, X. poinarii exhibited 81.7% adhesion to hydrocarbons upon biosurfactant treatment as analyzed by Bacterial Adhesion to Hydrocarbon (BATH) assay. The alteration in the membrane permeability was tested in X. poinarii using biosurfactant and chemical surfactants viz. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and toluene by estimating the amount of intracellular protein released. High protein recovery (51.55%) was achieved with a biosurfactant. Cell viability in the biosurfactant-treated cells was also high (93.98%) in comparison to cells treated with chemical surfactants. Increased recovery of intracellular protein along with high cell viability makes the biosurfactant a potential candidate for application in numerous environmental fields.
•Biological potential of biosurfactant (Glycolipids) isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa TEN01.•Biosurfactant showed good antibacterial and chemotaxis properties.•High protein recovery (51.55%) was achieved with biosurfactant.•The role of glycolipid in X. poinarii cell surface protein Bam A.
The present study is the first report of isolation and characterization of endophytic actinobacteria from cactus (
Opuntia ficus-indic
a). A total of 179 morphologically distinct endophytic ...actinobacterial isolates were purified from the roots of two different genetic accessions of cactus. All these isolates were screened for their plant growth promotion traits, namely, growth on N-free medium, P-solubilization, siderophore production, ACC deaminase activity and auxin production. A majority of the endophytic actinobacterial isolates (85%) exhibited their potential for plant growth promotion under in vitro conditions. Ten among the isolates were selected based on their multi-PGP traits and were identified as
Streptomyces
sp. following the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Plant growth promotion potential of these selected endophytic
Streptomyces
was studied in wheat seedlings. All these selected isolates significantly enhanced the growth parameters such as seedling length and rootlets number compared to the uninoculated control. The wheat seeds inoculated with
Streptomyces tuirus
VL-70-IX exhibited maximum number of rootlets (6.33) compared to uninoculated control (3.67). The inoculation of endophytic actinobacteria
Streptomyces levis
VL-70-XII caused maximum seedling length (20.53 cm) and root length (8.26 cm), while the inoculation of
S. radiopugnans
HV-VIII resulted in highest shoot length (12.33 cm). These endophytic actinobacteria isolated from the roots of cactus accessions showed potential PGP traits. This work lays foundation for characterization and selection of endophytic actinobacteria from the under-exploited, drought tolerant species such as cactus with potential cross-compatibility for the improvement of plant growth of field crops especially under abiotic stress conditions.
In this work, low-carbon steel AISI-SAE grade 1010 with copper grade CDA 101 was joined by friction stir welding (FSW) using a tapered pin profiled tool. The rotational speed of the tool is 900 rpm, ...a traverse rate of 30 mm/min, and an axial force of 5 kN were used to produce the joints. The microstructural analysis and mechanical properties of the weld joints have been successfully examined. The optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were performed to examine the macropatterns and micropatterns of the welded joints. The tensile and hardness test was performed to evaluate the mechanical behaviours of the FSW joints. The fine ferrite grain features with uniform size were obtained in the microstructure of the nugget zone (stir zone). It is purely influenced by the alternating dynamic rearrangement (recrystallization) mechanism. High hardness was identified in the stir zone, even as the slightest stability was established in the heat-affected zone. The tensile investigation proposed that all the joints explored just lesser unbending nature than the parent material. The tensile strength of 181.5 MPa, the hardness of 144 VHN, and elongation of 14.03% were observed for the welded samples. The better properties for the weld joints were attained at 900 rpm spindle speed and tool traverse speed of 30 mm/min. The FSW is an attractive material joining process for both similar and dissimilar materials compared to other conventional types of joining processes, such as aerospace, marine engineering, shipbuilding, and industrial sector applications.
▶ The PVA/Zn acetate/Cu acetate nanocomposite fibers were synthesized for the first time by using the sol–gel and electro spinning techniques. ▶ The nanocomposite was characterized by powder X-ray ...diffraction, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. ▶ The band gap energy of the nanocomposite was calculated from UV spectroscopy. ▶ The dielectric and non-linear optical properties of the nanocomposite were studied for the first time.
The blend of sol–gel processing and electrospinning technique, yields composite nanofibers of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/zinc acetate/copper acetate. Calcining these fibers resulted in nanocomposite fibers of ZnO/CuO with diameters of 50–100
nm which was revealed by the scanning electron microscope images. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) confirmed the presence of the ZnO/CuO composite. The synthesized materials have been also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectroscopy (UV–vis–NIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the UV spectra, the band gap of the nanocomposite was calculated to be 3.1
eV. Dielectric properties of these samples at different temperatures were studied with respect to frequency. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the material was found to be 11.1 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP).
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