The operation of parotic gland tumors are challenge for the surgeon. The main aim of these operations is tumor removal and facial nerve preservation. Despite of imaging examinations, showing the ...localization of the tumor, it's important for surgeon to have the opportunity to discriminate between tumor and normal parotic gland tissue during the operation, e.g. in color difference. Methylene blue (MB) has been used in intravital staining of various tissues for a long time.
The aim of the study was an attempt of intravital staining of parotic gland, using MB during the surgery of five benign gland tumors.
In all cases parenchyma of the parotic gland was dark-blue stained and in all cases, while the tumor didn't show any staining.
Using of MB may be useful in the surgery of parotic gland.
Poland belongs to a relatively small group of European countries that, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, introduced comprehensive, structural reforms, changing the whole structure of their pension ...systems. Earlier structural pension reforms had been introduced in Sweden (1998) and Hungary (1998). In Poland, this took place in 1999, and it was followed by Bulgaria (2000), Latvia (2001), Croatia (2002), and Estonia (2002). Recommendations contained in a World Bank report (1994) have had a significant impact on the shape of structural pension reforms. A representative of the World Bank in Poland was even directly involved in introducing the pension
In many real-life networks, such as urban structures, protein interactions and social networks, one of the key issues is to measure the centrality of nodes, i.e. to determine which nodes and edges ...are more central to the functioning of the entire network than others. In this paper we focus on betweenness centrality --- a metric based on which the centrality of a node is related to the number of shortest paths that pass through that node. This metric has been shown to be well suited for many, often complex, networks. In its standard form, the betweenness centrality, just like other centrality metrics, evaluates nodes based on their individual contributions to the functioning of the network. For instance, the importance of an intersection in a road network can be computed as the difference between the full capacity of this network and its capacity when the intersection is completely shut down. However, as recently argued in the literature, such an approach is inadequate for many real-life applications, as, for example, multiple nodes can fail simultaneously. Thus, what would be desirable is to refine the existing centrality metrics such that they take into account not only the functioning of nodes as individual entities but also as members of groups of nodes. One recently-proposed way of doing this is based on the Shapley Value --- a solution concept in cooperative game theory that measures in a fair way the contributions of players to all the coalitions that they could possibly participate in. Although this approach has been used to extend various centrality metrics, such an extension to betweenness centrality is yet to be developed. The main challenge when developing such a refinement is to tackle the computational complexity; the Shapley Value generally requires an exponential number of operations, making its use limited to a small number of player (or nodes in our context). Against this background, our main contribution in this paper is to refine the betweenness centrality metric based on the Shapley Value: we develop an algorithm for computing this new metric, and show that it has the same complexity as the best known algorithm due to Brandes 7 to compute the standard betweenness centrality (i.e., polynomial in the size of the network). Finally, we show that our results can be extended to another important centrality metric called stress centrality.
A hybrid method is proposed for specific absorption rate analysis in a human body in the near field of typical GSM base-station panel antenna. The method combines the FDTD technique with an ...analytical description of the near field of the isolated antenna. The approximate results are found to be in excellent agreement with the results obtained by using the traditional FDTD method. The most important advantage of the proposed approach is minimization of computer memory requirements and computation time.
Application of acrylic emulsion Liquitex R for injection studies of the vascular system of human myomatous uteri was analysed. It was found that this injection mass does not penetrate the capillary ...bed of human organs, but it is useful in studies carried out on the blood supply of the human organs removed from cadavers. The results were compared with the studies performed with the help of immunohistochemical tests for von Willebrandt's factor.
Regional Actors and Regional Contexts of Action: The Cases of Upper Silesia and Lower Lusatia, edited by Marek S Szczepanski and Michael Thomas, is reviewed.
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