Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI) allows one to study functional connectivity in the brain by acquiring fMRI data while subjects lie inactive in the MRI scanner, and taking ...advantage of the fact that functionally related brain regions spontaneously co-activate. rfMRI is one of the two primary data modalities being acquired for the Human Connectome Project (the other being diffusion MRI). A key objective is to generate a detailed in vivo mapping of functional connectivity in a large cohort of healthy adults (over 1000 subjects), and to make these datasets freely available for use by the neuroimaging community. In each subject we acquire a total of 1h of whole-brain rfMRI data at 3T, with a spatial resolution of 2×2×2mm and a temporal resolution of 0.7s, capitalizing on recent developments in slice-accelerated echo-planar imaging. We will also scan a subset of the cohort at higher field strength and resolution. In this paper we outline the work behind, and rationale for, decisions taken regarding the rfMRI data acquisition protocol and pre-processing pipelines, and present some initial results showing data quality and example functional connectivity analyses.
•The Human Connectome Project is mapping brain connectivity in vivo in detail.•Resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) is a major modality in the Human Connectome Project.•We describe rfMRI acquisition and analysis protocols for the HCP.
We report the observation of noncentrosymmetricity in the family of HRTiO4 (R = Eu, Gd, Dy) layered oxides possessing a Ruddlesden–Popper derivative structure, by second harmonic generation and ...synchrotron X-ray diffraction with the support of density functional theory calculations. These oxides were previously thought to possess inversion symmetry. Here, inversion symmetry is lifted by rotations of the oxygen-coordinated octahedra, a mechanism that is not active in simple perovskites. We observe a competition between rotations of the oxygen octahedra and sliding of a combined unit of perovskite–rocksalt–perovskite blocks at the proton layers. For the smaller rare earth ions, R = Eu, Gd, and Dy, which favor the octahedral rotations, noncentrosymmetricity is present but the sliding is absent. For the larger rare earth ions, R = Nd and Sm, the octahedral rotations are absent, but the sliding at the proton layers is present to optimize the length and direction of hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure. The study reveals a new mechanism for inducing noncentrosymmetricity in layered oxides, and chemical–structural effects related to rare earth ion size and hydrogen bonding that can turn this mechanism on and off. We construct a phase diagram of temperature versus rare earth ionic radius for the HRTiO4 family.
Black holes are one of the most remarkable predictions of Einstein's general relativity. In recent years, ideas in brane-world cosmology, string theory and gauge/gravity duality have motivated ...studies of black holes in more than four dimensions, with surprising results. In higher dimensions, black holes exist with exotic shapes and unusual dynamics. Edited by leading expert Gary Horowitz, this exciting book is the first devoted to this new field. The major discoveries are explained by the people who made them: Rob Myers describes the Myers–Perry solutions that represent rotating black holes in higher dimensions; Ruth Gregory describes the Gregory–Laflamme instability of black strings; and Juan Maldacena introduces gauge/gravity duality, the remarkable correspondence that relates a gravitational theory to nongravitational physics. Accessible to anyone with a standard course in general relativity, this is an important resource for graduate students and researchers in general relativity, string theory and high energy physics.
Zusammenfassung
1. Eine Patientenverfügung, in der politisch motivierte Erklärungen von einer Website übernommen werden, die sich generell gegen psychiatrische Behandlungen richtet, kann – trotz ...ausdrücklicher Untersagung “jeder Zwangsbehandlung egal mit welchen als Medikament bezeichneten Stoffen” – dahingehend auszulegen sein, dass rein somatische Behandlungen davon nicht erfasst werden sollten.
2. Unabhängig davon, ob eine Patientenverfügung im Übrigen auf die aktuelle Lebens- und Behandlungssituation zutrifft, ist sie nicht zur Verweigerung einer medikamentösen Maßnahme geeignet, die zulässigerweise zum Schutz Dritter erfolgt. Dem Umstand, dass das niedersächsische PsychKG in Bezug auf die Patientenverfügung keinen Unterschied zwischen einer Eigen- und einer Fremdgefahr macht, liegt keine bewusste gesetzgeberische Entscheidung zugrunde. (Leitsätze des Bearbeiters)
3-D seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3-D survey makes ...it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Topics covered in this book include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the use of 3-D visualisation methods; interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. This new paperback edition includes an extra appendix presenting new material on novel acquisition design, pore pressure prediction from seismic velocity, elastic impedance inversion, and time lapse seismics. Written by professional geophysicists with many years' experience in the oil industry, the book is indispensable for geoscientists using 3-D seismic data, including graduate students and new entrants into the petroleum industry.
Many of the commonly used methods for modeling and fitting psychophysical data are special cases of statistical procedures of great power and generality, notably the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). ...This book illustrates how to fit data from a variety of psychophysical paradigms using modern statistical methods and the statistical language R. The paradigms include signal detection theory, psychometric function fitting, classification images and more. In two chapters, recently developed methods for scaling appearance, maximum likelihood difference scaling and maximum likelihood conjoint measurement are examined. The authors also consider the application of mixed-effects models to psychophysical data.R is an open-source programming language that is widely used by statisticians and is seeing enormous growth in its application to data in all fields. It is interactive, containing many powerful facilities for optimization, model evaluation, model selection, and graphical display of data. The reader who fits data in R can readily make use of these methods. The researcher who uses R to fit and model his data has access to most recently developed statistical methods.This book does not assume that the reader is familiar with R, and a little experience with any programming language is all that is needed to appreciate this book. There are large numbers of examples of R in the text and the source code for all examples is available in an R package MPDiR available through R. Kenneth Knoblauch is a researcher in the Department of Integrative Neurosciences in Inserm Unit 846, The Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute and associated with the University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, in France. Laurence T. Maloney is Professor of Psychology and Neural Science at New York University. His research focusses on applications of mathematical models to perception, motor control and decision making.
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