We conducted this study to determine the degree of obesity influence on the hypoglycemic response of growth hormone and cortisol after weight loss of 5%. A total of 45 non-diabetic, male subjects ...followed in the outpatient endocrinological departments were divided into three groups comprising 15 subjects in each group, based upon body mass index (BMI) to healthy, overweight and obese group. Metformin was administered in the dose of 50 mg daily to the overweight and obese participants. Cortisol was measured at 0, 60 and 120 minutes. Growth hormone (GH) was measured at -15, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Values of cortisol and GH were compared upon changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to insulin induced hypoglycemia initially and after weight loss of 5% for overweight and obese participants. The BMI of the healthy group ranged 20.0-24.5 kg/m2 (median: 22.8); overweight group ranged 25.9-29.7 kg/m2 (median: 28.3); and obese group ranged 30.9-34.6 kg/m2 (median: 32.6). There were no significant differences of cortisol values among groups at 0 (chi2 = 2.0; p = 0.365); 60 (chi2 = 0.754; P = 0.686) and at 120 minutes (chi2 = 0.466; p = 0.792). The comparisons among groups were significant for differences of GH values at -15 (chi2 = 25.0; p < 0.01); 0 (chi2 = 16.2; p < 0.01); 30 (chi2 = 16.2; p < 0.01); 60 (chi2 = 32.8; p < 0.01); 90 (chi2 = 30.2; p < 0.01) and at 120 minutes (chi2 = 27.3; p < 0.01). Healthy and obese subjects significantly differed in growth hormone response at -15 (Z = 4.67; p < 0.01); 0 (Z = 3.83; p < 0.01); 60 (Z = 2.78; p = 0.05); 90 (Z = 4.67; p < 0.01) and at 120 minutes (Z = 4.23; p < 0.01). Changes on the various levels of HPA axis, when it is activated by a stress as it is the case in insulin-induced hypoglycemia correspond to the degree of obesity. Weight loss of 5% was not enough for restoration of a normal stimulated growth hormone release and did not influence on the level of cortisol.
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) provides information on the intracerebral arterioles capacity to react to vasodilatory stimuli. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of hypertension ...and type 2 diabetes mellitus on CVR in diabetics with retinopathy.
Retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected over a 1-year period.
Subjects were classified into four groups each comprised of 30 participants: diabetic retinopathy with hypertension (DRH), diabetic retinopathy without hypertension (DR), hypertension without diabetes mellitus (H), and healthy controls without diabetes and hypertension (C). CVR was estimated in relation to the increase in the mean flow velocity compared with the basal velocity in both middle cerebral arteries during hypercapnia.
In the DRH group, the mean (SD) increase in CVR was 8.8 (2.49) cm/s, in the H group 14.4 (2.59) cm/s and in the DR group 9.7 (2.97) cm/s. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the groups in blood flow velocity after a breath-holding test (F=89.83; df=3.116; P < .001).
Diabetes mellitus influences CVR more than hypertension.
Eighty samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were obtained from the total of 48 patients (22 females and 26 males) and analyzed. Eighteen of those patients were organ transplant recipients. ...The relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in direct sample and semi quantitative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial content were analyzed in BALF samples. PMN count in direct sample and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial content of the final microbiological report was compared as well. On the total number of samples PMN count in direct samples of BALF was statistically significant regarding the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the same sample; it was nearly significant regarding the presence of Gram-negative bacteria; and it was statistically significant for the total bacterial content. If BALF samples are divided into those obtained from organ-transplant and those obtained from non-organ-transplant patients, positive, statistically significant relationship is found in the organ-transplant group, more specifically for the relationship between PMNs and total bacterial content. When PMN count in direct microbiological sample was compared with the results of the final microbiological report, statistically significant relationship was found neither with respect to all BALF samples, nor after dividing them into "organ-transplant" and "non-organ-transplant" group. We did not find differences caused by gender.
The objective of the study was to estimate the most successful way of treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A total of 87 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected for a ...three-month study. The patients were divided into three groups comprising 29 patients in each group, based upon the treatment regimen. Group 1 (BMI 32.3+/-3.6 kg/m(2)) was treated with glimepiride and metformin; group 2 (BMI 27.9+/-3.9) was treated with daily doses of insulin mixture 30/70 and bed-time NPH insulin; and group 3 (BMI 30.2+/-4.8) was treated with a combination of three daily doses of lispro and metformin. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of sex and age.
Initially, there were significant statistical differences in HbA1c (P=0.035) between the three groups (9.21%+/-1.72%; 9.21%+/-1.54%; and 10,0%+/-1.73%, respectively). After three months, there were no statistically significant differences in HbA1c (P=0.66) between the groups (8.52%+/-1.7%; 8.03%+/-1.05%; and 8.0%+/-0.63%, respectively). Decreases in HbA(1c) were significant in all groups, but most pronounced in patients treated with lispro and metformin (17% on average).
The study results suggest the need for establishing guidelines on how to treat type 2 diabetics.
Cilj rada je prikazati incidenciju okluzije središnje mrežnične vene i ogranaka u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj županiji u razdoblju od 1.1.2010. do 31.12.2014. godine. Metode: Retrospektivna analiza ...podataka po spolu, dobi, vrsti okluzije, vidnoj oštrini prije i poslije terapije i komorbitetima iz dokumentacije retinološke ambulante Odjela za oftalmologiju Opće bolnice Dubrovnik. Rezultati: U razdoblju od 1.1.2010. do 31.12. 2014. god. u retinološkoj ambulanti Opće bolnice Dubrovnik dijagnoza okluzije središnje mrežnične vene i ogranka postavljena je na 48 očiju, u 47 pacijenata. Jedna pacijentica imala je bilateralnu okluziju mrežnične vene. Žena je bilo 62,5 %. Ukupna srednja dob svih oboljelih bila je 68,79 godina. Žene su u prosjeku bile nešto starije i prosječna dob im je bila 69,33 godine, u muškaraca 67,89 godina, ali razlika u dobi nije statistički značajna, p <0,05. Ukupna srednja vrijednost vidne oštrine prije terapije bila je 0,27 ± 0,313, a nakon terapije 0,29 ± 0,313. Pacijenata s okluzijom središnje mrežnične vene bilo je 25 (53,08 %), s okluzijom gornjeg ogranka 18 (37,5 %), a s okluzijom donjeg ogranka 5 (10,42 %), pa je prosječni godišnji broj okluzije središnje mrežnične vene 5, okluzije gornjeg ogranka 3,6 i donjeg ogranka 1. Od hipertenzije je bolovalo 34 (72,34 %), a od dijabetesa samo 8 (17,02 %). Zaključak: Incidencija okluzije središnje mrežnične vene u ovom istraživanju je 4,07 novooboljelih godišnje, ogranka gornjeg i donjeg 3,74 novooboljelih u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj županiji, a ukupna incidencija je 7,8 na 100 000 stanovnika.
We conducted this study to determine the degree of obesity influence on the hypoglycemic response of growth hormone and cortisol after weight loss of 5%. A total of 45 non-diabetic, male subjects ...followed in the outpatient endocrinological departments were divided into three groups comprising 15 subjects in each group, based upon body mass index (BMI) to healthy, overweight and obese group. Metformin was administered in the dose of 50 mg daily to the overweight and obese participants. Cortisol was measured at 0, 60 and 120 minutes. Growth hormone (GH) was measured at –15, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.Values of cortisol and GH were compared upon changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to insulin induced hypoglycemia initially and after weight loss of 5% for overweight and obese participants.The BMI of the healthy group ranged 20.0–24.5 kg/m2 (median: 22.8); overweight group ranged 25.9–29.7 kg/m2 (median: 28.3); and obese group ranged 30.9–34.6 kg/m2 (median: 32.6). There were no significant differencesof cortisol values among groups at 0 (c²=2.0; p=0.365); 60 (c²=0.754; P=0.686) and at 120 minutes (c²=0.466; p=0.792). The comparisons among groups were significant for differences of GH values at –15 (c²=25.0; p<0.01); 0 (c²=16.2; p<0.01); 30 (c²=16.2; p<0.01); 60 (c²=32.8; p<0.01); 90 (c²=30.2; p<0.01) and at 120 minutes (c²=27.3; p<0.01).Healthy and obese subjects significantly differed in growth hormone response at –15 (Z=4.67; p<0.01); 0 (Z=3.83; p<0.01); 60 (Z=2.78; p=0.05); 90 (Z=4.67; p<0.01) and at 120 minutes (Z=4.23; p<0.01).Changes on the various levels of HPA axis, when it is activated by a stress as it is the case in insulin-induced hypoglycemia correspond to the degree of obesity. Weight loss of 5% was not enough for restoration of a normal stimulated growth hormone release and did not influence on the level of cortisol.
We report 64-year old patient who was admitted in ICU with left side ileofemoral thrombosis and splenic abscess during Salmonella enteritidis infection.
Eighty samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were obtained from the total of 48 patients (22 females and 26 males) and analyzed. Eighteen of those patients were organ transplant ...recipients.The relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in direct sample and semi quantitative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial content were analyzed in BALF samples. PMN count in direct sample and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial content of the final microbiological report was compared as well. On the total number of samples PMN count in direct samples of BALF was statistically significant regarding the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the same sample; it was nearly significant regarding the presence of Gram-negative bacteria; and it was statistically significant for the total bacterial content. If BALF samples are divided into those obtained from organ-transplant and those obtained from non- -organ-transplant patients, positive, statistically significant relationship is found in the organ-transplant group, more specifically for the relationship between PMNs and total bacterial content. When PMN count in direct microbiological sample was compared with the results of the final microbiological report, statistically significant relationship was found neither with respect to all BALF samples, nor after dividing them into »organ-transplant« and »non-organ-transplant« group. We did not find differences caused by gender.
PDF
