High‐speed two‐photon microscopy can be used to analyze vascular dynamics in living animals and is essential for the understanding of brain diseases. Recent advances in fluorescent probes/optical ...systems have allowed successful imaging of the hippocampal vasculature in the deep brain of mice (1 mm from the brain surface) under low‐speed conditions (1–2 fps); however, using high‐speed techniques (>30 fps), observation of the deep‐brain vasculature is still challenging. Here, a new nanoemulsion that encapsulates thousands of red‐emissive pyrene dye molecules while maintaining their high two‐photon brightness 1.5 × 102 GM (GM = 10−50 cm4·s·photon−1·molecule−1) at 960 nm excitation and delivers a large amount of such pyrene dyes (65 nmol) into the blood vessels of mice is developed. Remarkably, the nanoprobe is found to exploit the inherent performance of a commonly used Ti:sapphire excitation laser and a sensitive gallium arsenide phosphide nondescanned fluorescence detector to the limit, enabling visualization of the brain vasculature under the cortex region of mice (up to 1.5 mm) under very low‐speed conditions. As a highlight, such a nanoprobe is successfully used to directly observe the blood flow in the hippocampal CA1 region (1.1 mm) through high‐speed resonant scanning (120 fps).
A novel dye‐loaded nanoemulsion is developed for high‐speed two‐photon microscopic imaging of the deep‐brain vasculature in mice. The nanoprobe delivers numerous bright pyrene dyes into the blood vessels of mice, fully exploiting the performance of a Ti:sapphire laser and a gallium arsenide phosphide detector. This approach allows the visualization of hippocampal blood flow in mice at above the video rate.
In article number 2010698, Yosuke Niko and co‐workers report a novel dye‐loaded nanoemulsion for high‐speed two‐photon microscopic imaging of the deep‐brain vasculature in mice. The nanoprobe fully ...exploits the performance of a Ti:sapphire laser and a gallium arsenide phosphide detector, allowing the visualization of hippocampal blood flow in mice at a high frame rate of 120 fps.
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a universal process in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. It alters magnetic field topology and results in energy release to the plasma. Here we report ...the experimental results of a pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection, which is not accompanied with ion flows. By controlling an applied magnetic field in a laser produced plasma, we have constructed an experiment that magnetizes the electrons but not the ions. This allows us to isolate the electron dynamics from the ions. Collective Thomson scattering measurements reveal the electron Alfvénic outflow without ion outflow. The resultant plasmoid and whistler waves are observed with the magnetic induction probe measurements. We observe the unique features of electron-scale magnetic reconnection simultaneously in laser produced plasmas, including global structures, local plasma parameters, magnetic field, and waves.
New limonoids from Melia toosendan Zhou, J.B. (Kagoshima Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture); Tadera, K; Minami, Y ...
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry,
1998, Letnik:
62, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The root bark of Melia toosendan afforded four new limonoids with a C-19/C-29 bridged acetal structure, together with two known limonoids, 12alpha-hydroxyamoorastatone and its 12-acetate. The new ...compounds were elucidated as 1-O-acetyltrichilin H and 29-O-substituted amoorastatone derivatives, named neoazedarachins A, B and D, by spectroscopic and chemical means. Their antifeedant activity was also studied
A developing supercritical collisionless shock propagating in a homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin having higher uniformity than the previous experiments is formed by using ...high-power laser experiment. The ambient plasma is not contaminated by the plasma produced in the early time after the laser shot. While the observed developing shock does not have stationary downstream structure, it possesses some characteristics of a magnetized supercritical shock, which are supported by a one-dimensional full particle-in-cell simulation taking the effect of finite time of laser-target interaction into account.
We present a new experimental method to generate quasi-perpendicular supercritical magnetized collisionless shocks. In our experiment, ambient nitrogen (N) plasma is at rest and well-magnetized, and ...it has uniform mass density. The plasma is pushed by laser-driven ablation aluminum (Al) plasma. Streaked optical pyrometry and spatially resolved laser collective Thomson scattering clarify structures of plasma density and temperatures, which are compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is indicated that just after the laser irradiation, the Al plasma is magnetized by a self-generated Biermann battery field, and the plasma slaps the incident N plasma. The compressed external field in the N plasma reflects N ions, leading to counter-streaming magnetized N flows. Namely we identify the edge of the reflected N ions. Such interacting plasmas form a magnetized collisionless shock.
Entomological surveys were done as a part of a malaria control project at nine sites in East Sepik Province. Adult mosquitoes were collected by the humanbait method and the number of anopheline ...mosquitoes by 177 night×people collections was 3,631. Species identification was done by the PCR-RFLP method at the ITS 2 region of the rDNA. Five kinds of anopheline mosquitoes, i.e., Anopheles farauti 1, An. farauti 2, An. farauti 4, An. koliensis and An. punctulatus were identified. Anopheles koliensis was the most common, then An. punctulatus, An. farauti 1, and followed by An. farauti 4 and An. farauti 2. Anopheles farauti 1 was distributed mainly in coastal areas and An. farauti 2 in inland areas. Anopheles farauti 4 was found only in Kairiru Island and this is the first report of the distribution of this species in an island. Anopheles koliensis and An. punctulatus were widely distributed throughout the districts; however, the distribution of An. koliensis was sporadic. Negative correlations were found between the collected numbers of An. farauti 1 and An. farauti 2 and those of An. koliensis and An. punctulatus.
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