Aims. We explore the prospects for the detection of giant circumbinary exoplanets and brown dwarfs (BDs) orbiting Galactic double white dwarfs (DWDs) binaries with the Laser Interferometer Space ...Antenna (LISA). Methods. By assuming an occurrence rate of 50%, motivated by white dwarf pollution observations, we built a Galactic synthetic population of P-type giant exoplanets and BDs orbiting DWDs. We carried this out by injecting different sub-stellar populations, with various mass and orbital separation characteristics, into the DWD population used in the LISA mission proposal. We then performed a Fisher matrix analysis to measure how many of these three-body systems show a periodic Doppler-shifted gravitational wave perturbation detectable by LISA. Results. We report the number of circumbinary planets (CBPs) and BDs that can be detected by LISA for various combinations of mass and semi-major axis distributions. We identify pessimistic and optimistic scenarios corresponding, respectively, to 3 and 83 (14 and 2218) detections of CBPs (BDs), observed during the length of the nominal LISA mission. These detections are distributed all over the Galaxy following the underlying DWD distribution, and they are biased towards DWDs with higher LISA signal-to-noise ratio and shorter orbital period. Finally, we show that if LISA were to be extended for four more years, the number of systems detected will be more than doubled in both the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Conclusions. Our results present promising prospects for the detection of post-main sequence exoplanets and BDs, showing that gravitational waves can prove the existence of these populations over the totality of the Milky Way. Detections by LISA will deepen our knowledge on the life of exoplanets subsequent to the most extreme evolution phases of their hosts, clarifying whether new phases of planetary formation take place later in the life of the stars. Such a method is strongly complementary to electromagnetic studies within the solar region and opens a window into the investigation of planets and BDs everywhere in the entire Galaxy, and possibly even in nearby galaxies in the Local Group.
Objectives
To translate and cross‐culturally adapt the English version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ‐MLUTS) into ...Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Introduction
Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequent and commonly assessed with questionnaires. The ICIQ‐MLUTS is a robust instrument that investigates the main aspects of LUTS in men and their impact on quality of life. Although highly recommended, Grade A is not as popular as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and remained untranslated and unvalidated for Brazilian Portuguese.
Methods
After authorization by the Advisory Board of the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICIQ) the translation process was conducted according to the standard guidelines and the ICIQ validation protocol. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient and values > 0.7 were considered satisfactory. To assess test–retest reliability and reproducibility, Spearman's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. For group data, a Spearman correlation coefficient or an intraclass correlation coefficient of at least 0.70 demonstrates good test–retest reliability. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
One hundred and eighty‐six, aged 61.41 ± 11.01 years, suffering from LUTS participated in the study between January 2021 and October 2022. Cronbach's ⍺, 0.875, demonstrated the internal consistency of the Portuguese version of ICIQ‐MLUTS. The intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.912 (0.882; 0.935 – 95% CI) for the test–retest evidenced the stability and validity of the instrument. Likewise, Spearman's correlation coefficient highlighted the agreement between IPSS and ICIQ‐MLUTS, 0.906, <0.001.
Discussion
The Portuguese version of the ICIQ‐MLUTS demonstrated internal consistency, stability, and validity, in addition to agreement with the IPSS. Conclusion: The ICIQ‐MLUTS, translated and validated into Brazilian Portuguese, is a robust and reliable instrument to assess LUTS in Brazilian men and can be used in the evaluation of treatment and research.
Introduction and hypothesis
Double Incontinence (DI) is incontinence of urine and stool and is an extreme manifestation of pelvic floor dysfunction. The objective of this study was to estimate the ...prevalence and incidence of DI and the risk factors in elderly women in São Paulo, Brazil.
Methods
This was a prospective study in women aged 65 years or older evaluated in 2006 and re-evaluated in 2010. The sample was selected by two-phase stratified sampling with replacement and probability proportional to size. The likelihood ratio test was performed and Cox regression curves were generated to evaluate the equality of survival. Poisson’s regression was used to evaluate risk factors.
Results
This is the first study on the incidence of DI in elderly women. A total of 864 elderly women were interviewed in 2006. The prevalence rate of DI was 4.9%. The incidence rate of DI in the period between 2006 and 2010 was 13.8/1,000 person-years. Associated factors were the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, difficulty with basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), polypharmacy and falls in the last year. Poisson’s regression analysis showed that falls in the last year and difficulty with at least three IADL were risk factors for DI.
Conclusions
The incidence of DI seems to be high in this population. Falls in the last year and difficulty with at least three IADL were identified as risk factors. Preventive measures must be implemented with public health policies to prevent increases in DI.
ABSTRACT
We present a method to include lensing selection effects due to the finite horizon of a given detector when studying lensing of gravitational wave (GW) sources. When selection effects are ...included, the mean of the magnification distribution is shifted from one to higher values for sufficiently high-redshift sources. This introduces an irreducible (multiplicative) bias on the luminosity distance reconstruction, in addition to the typical source of uncertainty in the distance determination. We apply this method to study lensing of GWs emitted by massive black hole binary mergers at high redshift detectable by Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We estimate the expected bias induced by selection effects on the luminosity distance reconstruction as function of cosmological redshift, and discuss its implications for cosmological and astrophysical analyses with LISA. We also reconstruct the distribution of lensing magnification as a function of the observed luminosity distance to a source, which is the observable quantity in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart. Lensing provides the dominant source of errors in distance measurements of high-redshift GW sources. Its full characterization, including the impact of selection effects, is of paramount importance to correctly determine the astrophysical properties of the underlying source population and to be able to use GW sources as a new cosmological probe.
It is the aim of the paper to present a new point of view on rotational elasticity in a nonlinear setting using orthogonal matrices. The proposed model, in the linear approximation, can be compared ...to the well-known equilibrium equations of static linear elasticity. An appropriate kinetic energy is identified, and we present a dynamical model of rotational elasticity. The propagation of elastic waves in such a medium is studied and we find two classes of waves, transversal rotational waves and longitudinal rotational waves, both of which are solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations. For certain parameter choices, the transversal wave velocity can be greater than the longitudinal wave velocity. Moreover, parameter ranges are identified where the model describes an auxetic material. However, in all cases the potential energy functional is positive definite. Finally, we couple the rotational waves to linear elastic waves to study the behaviour of the coupled system. We find wave-like solutions to the coupled equations and can visualise our results with the help of suitable figures.
Background
The role of single‐incision mini‐slings (SIMS) in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) management is still not elucidated.
Objective
To compare efficacy and safety of SIMS and transobturator ...sling (TOT) for SUI after 36‐month follow‐up.
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial involving 130 women with SUI that had either SIMS or TOT. Primary outcomes: objective cure defined as negative cough stress and pad tests, and subjective cure reported as satisfaction and no desire for additional treatment. Secondary outcomes: quality‐of‐life by IQOL and UDI‐6 questionnaires, complications and reoperation rates. Student's t, χ2, Fisher's exact, and Mann‐Whitney tests, ANOVA and P < 0.05 as cut‐off point were used for statistics.
Results
A total of 82 patients (n:41 each arm) completed 36‐month follow‐up. Objective cure was lower in the SIMS compared to TOT groups by both per protocol (68.3% and 90.2%, respectively, P = 0.027) and intention‐to‐treat analysis considering missing data as failures (40.6% and 60.7%, respectively, P = 0.035), while similar in both groups (81.2% and 93.4%, respectively) considering missing data as successes. Subjective cure rates were similar for both groups. TOT group presented better outcome regarding the avoidance and limiting behavior domain of IQOL (P = 0.021), and UDI‐6 scores (P = 0.026). Seven out of 69 (10.1%) women in the SIMS group compared with two out of 61 (3.3%) in the TOT group (P = 0.172) had repeat surgery due to recurrent SUI at year follow up.
Conclusion
TOT was associated to higher objective cure rate than SIMS for SUI treatment although satisfaction rate was similar for both groups 3 years postoperative.
Since the very beginning of astronomy the location of objects on the sky has been a fundamental observational quantity that has been taken for granted. While precise two dimensional positional ...information is easy to obtain for observations in the electromagnetic spectrum, the positional accuracy of current and near future gravitational wave detectors is limited to between tens and hundreds of square degrees, which makes it extremely challenging to identify the host galaxies of gravitational wave events or to detect any electromagnetic counterparts. Gravitational wave observations provide information on source properties that is complementary to the information in any associated electromagnetic emission. Observing systems with multiple messengers thus has scientific potential much greater than the sum of its parts. A gravitational wave detector with higher angular resolution would significantly increase the prospects for finding the hosts of gravitational wave sources and triggering a multi-messenger follow-up campaign. An observatory with arcminute precision or better could be realised within the Voyage 2050 programme by creating a large baseline interferometer array in space and would have transformative scientific potential. Precise positional information of standard sirens would enable precision measurements of cosmological parameters and offer new insights on structure formation; a high angular resolution gravitational wave observatory would allow the detection of a stochastic background and resolution of the anisotropies within it; it would also allow the study of accretion processes around black holes; and it would have tremendous potential for tests of modified gravity and the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model.
We perform a statistical standard siren analysis of GW170817. Our analysis does not utilize knowledge of NGC 4993 as the unique host galaxy of the optical counterpart to GW170817. Instead, we ...consider each galaxy within the GW170817 localization region as a potential host; combining the redshifts from all of the galaxies with the distance estimate from GW170817 provides an estimate of the Hubble constant, H0. Considering all galaxies brighter than as equally likely to host a binary neutron star merger, we find km s−1 Mpc−1 (maximum a posteriori and 68.3% highest density posterior interval; assuming a flat H0 prior in the range km s−1 Mpc−1). We explore the dependence of our results on the thresholds by which galaxies are included in our sample, and we show that weighting the host galaxies by stellar mass or star formation rate provides entirely consistent results with potentially tighter constraints. By applying the method to simulated gravitational-wave events and a realistic galaxy catalog we show that, because of the small localization volume, this statistical standard siren analysis of GW170817 provides an unusually informative (top 10%) constraint. Under optimistic assumptions for galaxy completeness and redshift uncertainty, we find that dark binary neutron star measurements of H0 will converge as , where N is the number of sources. While these statistical estimates are inferior to the value from the counterpart standard siren measurement utilizing NGC 4993 as the unique host, km s−1 Mpc−1 (determined from the same publicly available data), our analysis is a proof-of-principle demonstration of the statistical approach first proposed by Bernard Schutz over 30 yr ago.
In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus ...gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.5 dB of generated squeezing, up to 5.6 dB of quantum noise suppression has been measured at high frequency while close to the filter cavity resonance frequency, the intracavity losses limit this value to about 2 dB. Frequency-dependent squeezing is produced with a rotation frequency stability of about 6 Hz rms, which is maintained over the long term. The achieved results fulfill the frequency dependent squeezed vacuum source requirements for Advanced Virgo Plus. With the current squeezing source, considering also the estimated squeezing degradation induced by the interferometer, we expect a reduction of the quantum shot noise and radiation pressure noise of up to 4.5 dB and 2 dB, respectively.
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