This study is motivated by two research questions: (1) Which recent contributions have been driving the research agenda in international business? (2) Which emerging themes in the literature are ...likely to set the stage for future work? To examine these questions, the study examined scholarly work in international business over the time period 1996-2006 in six leading international business journals (Journal of International Business Studies, Management International Review, Journal of World Business, International Marketing Review, Journal of International Marketing, and International Business Review). Next, a Delphi study of the most prolific authors in these journals over the same time period was conducted to delineate a future research agenda in international business. Addressing these two research questions provides us with a more complete understanding of the progress made to date in international business research, and provides a glimpse of the future.
► We address the question of whether barriers to export vary among born global firms and stages of internationalization. ► We examine these questions in the emerging market context of Turkey. ► ...Results provide an opportunity to compare findings for other countries. ► Perceived barriers differ for firms in the domestic marketing stage, pre-export stage, and for born global firms.
Although the literature on export barriers has been growing, this issue of whether barriers to export exhibit significant differences among firms has not been addressed. In particular, the question of whether these impediments are uniform for born globals – a new breed of exporting firms that initiate exporting soon after inception – is unresolved. Similarly, barriers to export are thought to vary across different stages of internationalization. Therefore, the present work explores this fundamental issue. The empirical study is carried out in the context of an emerging market, Turkey, providing an opportunity for examining the stability of earlier findings (carried out largely in advanced economy settings) for rapidly developing economies. Results suggest that perceived barriers differ mainly for firms in the domestic marketing stage, pre-export stage and for born global firms.
•The dual-principal issue is a key to evaluating market orientation in China's partially privatized public firms.•State-controlled public firms in China exhibit lower market orientation compared to ...their non-state-controlled counterparts.•Market orientation in China's partially privatized public firms is relatively high when firm ownership is concentrated in the hands of individual shareholders.
In China, an increasing number of state-owned firms have gone public, which suggests a dual-principal phenomenon such that firms are owned by both the government and non-state shareholders. Non-state shareholders tend to focus on the firm's market orientation and performance, while state shareholders seek political goals over profit-maximization. This manuscript attempts to investigate this issue based on agency theory with both qualitative and quantitative studies. Our findings suggest that state-controlled public firms indeed exhibit a lower degree of market orientation than privately controlled public firms in China, and that the firm's market orientation is relatively high when firm ownership is concentrated in the hands of non-state shareholders.
•We examine the role of group affiliation on superior performance under adverse environments.•Small firms are positively affected by business group affiliations during adverse conditions.•Large firms ...derive negative effects from group affiliation irrespective of the environment.•The business group – performance relationship is moderated by firm size.•Group ownership type and country of origin also impact on the above relationship.
Does affiliation with a business group enhance a firm's performance? What is the potential effect of this affiliation especially in declining economic periods? The literature provides contradictory results on this proposition. In this study, the authors explore the role of business group affiliation as a firm-specific factor and its impact in different environments, adding to our understanding of the firm-growth phenomenon. The empirical context is a large sample of firms registered in the United Kingdom, drawn from the FAME database. The analysis provides evidence for significant impact of business group affiliations on firm growth, especially during adverse economic conditions. However, the business group–firm growth relationship is moderated by firm-specific characteristics (e.g. firm size), and group specific characteristics (e.g. type of ownership and country of origin). Regarding the latter, it is specifically revealed that the impact of group affiliation is not uniform across all countries, a possibility that has been ignored in the international business literature. Among its contributions, this research introduces a novel typology of firms in growing and declining industries. The proposed typology enables us to advance propositions with respect to varying trajectories of business affiliations for firms of different size and nationality/region of origin of business groups.
Research on international marketing channels accentuates the importance of relational norms and trust-building activities between buyers and sellers. Indeed, cultural and country differences may ...limit the use and effectiveness of traditional tools (such as market incentives and authoritative control) that govern the relationship between an exporting manufacturer and its foreign distributor. Consequently, exporting manufacturers need to emphasize relationships with their foreign distributors. This research finds evidence that supports both direct and indirect effects between the manufacturer's use of governance via relational norms and its competitiveness in the export market. The indirect effect results from the mediating role of trust, a finding that makes a key contribution to the understanding of the role of relational governance in cross-border relationships.
For courses in Business. International Business: A Millennial ApproachInternational Business: The New Realities caters to a millennial student audience, the most diverse and educated generation to ...date. The book speaks to students of the technological age, facing a diverse and evolving economic environment fueled by the Internet and multimedia sources. By addressing issues such as the competitive job market and challenges faced by advanced economies, the text preps students for international business in our modern world. The Fourth Edition plays on millennials characteristics to engage them in the material. This includes their reliance on technology, their drive towards achievement and helping their communities, and their desire to obtain skills they can apply towards meaningful jobs. The authors understand what motivates millennial students and builds on their goals to help students obtain successful careers in international business. MyManagementLab not included. Students, if MyManagementLab is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MyManagementLab should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.MyManagementLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product designed to personalize learning and improve results. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts.
While the desirability of marketing adaptation vs. standardization has long been debated within both academic and business circles, empirical studies investigating the conditions under which each ...strategy becomes appropriate have been rare. This article provides a formal investigation of the correlates of product and promotion adaptation in export ventures. A conceptual framework of product and promotion adaptation in export ventures is proposed to integrate the diverse perspectives on the issue of standardization versus adaptation. The conceptual framework is further specified in a testable form and tested via data collected by a series of in-depth personal interviews with export marketing managers. The results support the contingency perspective recently emerging in the standardization literature, and suggest that the degree of the various aspects of product adaptation (i.e., upon and after entry) and promotion adaptation (i.e., positioning, packaging/labeling, and promotional approach) are significantly influenced by company, product/industry, and export market characteristics. However, the profile of the correlates varies across the various aspects of product and promotion adaptation.
Global account management (GAM), a collaborative process between a multinational customer and a multinational supplier by which the worldwide buying–selling activities are centrally coordinated ...between the two organizations, has become a critical task for many multinational corporations. A framework for determining GAM dyadic strategic performance and joint profits is introduced. In this framework, three GAM-related capabilities determine GAM performance. These capabilities are
Collaborative Orientation, GAM Strategic Fit, and
GAM Configuration. In an attempt to establish a research agenda on GAM issues, we develop propositions for each construct. This conceptual framework should help improve understanding of GAM as a dyadic phenomenon and provide a platform on which future empirical study can be conducted. At a practical level, this framework serves as the basis for formulating GAM strategies.
