Depression has been reported to be associated with some types of cancer in observational studies. However, the direction and magnitude of the causal relationships between depression and different ...types of cancer remain unclear.
We performed the two-sample bi-directional mendelian randomization with the publicly available GWAS summary statistics to investigate the causal relationship between the genetically predicted depression and the risk of multiple types of cancers, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. The total sample size varies from 504,034 to 729,150. Causal estimate was calculated by inverse variance weighted method. We also performed additional sensitivity tests to evaluate the validity of the causal relationship.
After correction for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we only detected suggestive evidence for the causality of genetically predicted depression on breast cancer (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15, P = 0.0022). The causal effect of depression on breast cancer was consistent in direction and magnitude in the sensitivity analysis. No evidence of causal effects of depression on other types of cancer and reverse causality was detected.
The result of this study suggests a causative effect of genetically predicted depression on specific type of cancer. Our findings emphasize the importance of depression in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
•Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 exhibit phase transitions from paramagnetism to ferromagnetic-I phase and then to ferromagnetic-II phase.•The resistivity curve of Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 reveals a ...semiconductor-like behavior below 300 K.•The 20% Fe substituting changes the spin exchanges between transition metal Co ions.
Magnetism, transport and specific heat measurements have been performed to the hexagonal perovskite 20% Fe-substituted Sr6Co5O15 (that is Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15) polycrystalline samples with quasi-one-dimensional structure. The system exhibits paramagnetism above 270 K, and with decreasing temperature, it undergoes two ferromagnetic phase transitions FM-I and FM-II at 220 K and 170 K, respectively, which correspondingly show two downward jumps on the resistivity curve of 0 T. The 20% Fe-substituting-induced changes in magnetic properties are discussed to be due to the changes in spin exchanges.
A series of flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs, we call them fully flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs (HDADE, HBAPB and HBPDA), were prepared by means of reversible Schiff base ...polycondensation reactions for the first time, which were constructed entirely by flexible building blocks, not only hexa(4-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (NOP–6–CHO) as a flexible knot but also aromatic ether diamine as flexible linkers. The fully flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs are crystalline porous materials. Their crystallinity and BET specific surface areas increase with the length of the linkers, and are higher than that of the corresponding COFs constructed by the rigid linkers. HDADE, HBAPB and HBPDA can absorb iodine in both gas or liquid phase. The adsorptive capacities are 5.22, 4.55, and 3.86 g g−1, respectively, which are higher than the corresponding COFs formed by rigid linkers. The fully flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs can fluorescently sense iodine with high sensitivity. Their quenching constants (KSV) are 2.22 × 104, 7.07 × 104, and 1.04 × 104 L mol−1. Their LODs are 1.35 × 10−10, 4.24 × 10−11, and 2.88 × 10−10 mol L−1, respectively. The fluorescence quenching of iodine to the fully flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs has both photo-induced charge transfer and resonant energy transfer processes.
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•Fully flexible COFs have high crystallinity, large specific surface area, high I2 adsorption and high sensing sensitivity.
Nitrophenols are important nitroaromatic compounds, both important environmental pollutants and dangerous explosives, posing a devastating danger and pollution threat to humans. It is vital to detect ...efficiently trace nitrophenols in the environment. In this contribution, a series of fully flexible cyclotriphosphazene-based COFs (FFCP COFs: HDADE, HBAPB, and HBPDA), prepared with both a flexible knot and flexible linkers of different lengths, were used for sensing 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and
-nitrophenol (
-NP) in real time with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The quenching constants of HDADE by TNP, HBAPB, and HBPDA by
-NP are 6.29 × 10
, 2.17 × 10
, and 2.48 × 10
L·mol
, respectively. The LODs of TNP and
-NP are 1.19 × 10
, 6.91 × 10
, and 6.05 × 10
mol·L
. Their sensitivities increase with the linker length, which is better than the corresponding COFs composed of rigid linkers. There is only a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism in the fluorescence quenching of HBPDA by
-NP. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of photoinduced charge transfer and resonance energy transfer exist in the fluorescence quenching of HDADE by TNP and the fluorescence quenching of HBAPB by
-NP.
Central nervous system injury diseases can cause the loss of many neurons, and it is difficult to regenerate. The field of regenerative medicine believes that supplementing the missing neurons may be ...an ideal method for nerve injury repair. Recent studies have found that down-regulation of polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) expression can make glial cells transdifferentiate into different types of neurons, which is expected to be an alternative therapy to restore neuronal function. This article summarized the research progress on the structure and biological function of the PTBP family, the mutual regulation of PTBP1 and PTBP2, their role in neurogenesis, and the latest research progress in targeting PTBP1 to mediate the transdifferentiation of glial cells into neurons, which may provide some new strategies and new ideas for the future treatment of central nervous system injury and neurodegenerative diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
•Seven hundred and eighty-seven patients with N3 NPC were retrospectively reviewed.•We balanced the baseline of variables using PSM method.•The HR of treatment method was 0.54 for DMFS.•High-risk ...patients could benefit from the use of IC or adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy.
To explore the role of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus CCRT alone in patients diagnosed with N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
A total of 787 patients with newly diagnosed N3 NPC treated with IC + CCRT or CCRT alone were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. We balanced variables using propensity score matching (PSM). Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests were applied to evaluate the survival condition of each group. Independent prognostic factors were identified using the Cox regression analysis.
PSM assigned 228 patients to IC + CCRT and CCRT alone groups. Survival analysis for the matched data set showed that IC + CCRT achieved better survival outcomes compared with CCRT alone, and significant difference was observed in 5-year PFS 74.8% (95%CI 69.2 ∼ 80.9%) vs 65.4% (95%CI 59.4 ∼ 72.0%), P = 0.008, 5-year OS (77.4%(95%CI 71.9 ∼ 83.3%) vs66.3%(95%CI 60.3 ∼ 72.9%), P = 0.005) and 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS)(81.8%(95%CI 76.7 ∼ 87.2%) vs72.4%(95%CI 66.7 ∼ 78.7%), P = 0.007) between the two treatment groups. In multivariate analysis, IC + CCRT remained an independent protective factor for PFS (adjusted HR, 0.603; 95% CI, 0.433–0.841; P = 0.003), OS (adjusted HR, 0.568; 95% CI, 0.406–0.793; P < 0.001), and DMFS (adjusted HR, 0.541; 95% CI, 0.364–0.805; P = 0.002).
More chemotherapy should be considered in patients with N3 NPC because of its ability to improve survival time. This could be from the use of IC or adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy.
•First report on distribution of level II-V nodes assessed per vertebral levels in NPC.•When assessed per vertebral levels, level II-V nodes still show the non-skip pattern.•Low-risk CTV could be ...reduced to two vertebral levels below metastatic level II-V nodes.
The current cervical lymph nodes classification system is not perfectly reasonable for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to determine the metastatic patterns of level II-V lymph nodes in NPC by using vertebrae as anatomical landmarks.
Four hundred and forty node-positive NPC patients were selected. Metastatic lymph nodes were diagnosed using positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated univariate and multivariate logistic correlations between the vertebral levels of metastatic level II-V lymph nodes.
The metastasis rate of level II-V lymph nodes gradually decreased from C2 (66.5%) and C3 (68.2%) to T1 (4.1%) vertebral levels. When assessed per vertebral level, 98.4% were non-skip metastasis. The interval of vertebral levels and distance between the inferior border of the tumor and the metastatic lymph nodes were similar in N1 and N2 patients. Univariate correlation analysis showed the metastasis of level II-V lymph nodes at each vertebral level was associated with the metastasis at any other vertebral level. In the multivariate analysis, metastasis at any one of the C2-C7 vertebral levels strongly and positively correlated with metastasis at two adjacent vertebral levels, including one level above and one below.
This is the first study to report the distribution and non-skip metastatic patterns of level II-V lymph nodes assessed per vertebral levels in NPC. The low-risk clinical target volume could be reduced to two vertebral levels below the vertebral level of the metastatic level II-V nodes when both imaging modalities are available.
In recent years, Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active substances have remarkably progressed in treating central neurological disorders. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is an active ingredient derived from the ...rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been found to alleviate the symptoms of several psychiatric illnesses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that results after experiencing a serious physical or psychological injury. The currently used drugs are not satisfactory for the treatment of PTSD. However, it has been reported that TSA can improve PTSD-like symptoms like learning and memory, cognitive disorder, and depression through multi-target regulation.
This paper discusses the ameliorative effects of TSA on PTSD-like symptoms and the possible mechanisms of action in terms of inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, anti-neuroinflammation, and anti-oxidative stress. Based on the pathological changes and clinical observations of PTSD, we hope to provide some reference for the clinical transformation of Chinese medicine in treating PTSD.
A large number of literatures on tanshinone in the treatment of neurological diseases and PTSD were retrieved from online electronic PubMed and Web of Science databases.
TSA is a widely studied natural active ingredient against mental illness. This review will contribute to the future development of TSA as a new clinical candidate drug for improving PTSD-like symptoms.
Electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemicals and feedstocks through carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in acidic electrolytes can surmount the considerable CO2 loss in alkaline and neutral conditions. ...However, achieving high productivity, while operating steadily in acidic electrolytes, remains a big challenge owing to the severe competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that vertically grown bismuth nanosheets on a gas-diffusion layer can create numerous cavities as electrolyte reservoirs, which confine in situ–generated hydroxide and potassium ions and limit inward proton diffusion, producing locally alkaline environments. Based on this design, we achieve formic acid Faradaic efficiency of 96.3% and partial current density of 471 mA cm−2 at pH 2. When operated in a slim continuous-flow electrolyzer, the system exhibits a full-cell formic acid energy efficiency of 40% and a single pass carbon efficiency of 79% and performs steadily over 50 h. We further demonstrate the production of pure formic acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 4.2 weight %.
Abstract
Purpose
Using real-world evidence, this study aimed to identify elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who would benefit from chemotherapy.
Methods and materials
1714 elderly NPC ...patients between April 2007 and December 2017 were identified. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to generate risk-stratified outcomes. Prognostic factors were performed for individual comparisons of different risk groups to assess chemotherapy benefits.
Results
The median follow-up was 59.3 (0.39–170.09) months. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA and T stage were included in the RPA-generated risk stratification, categorizing patients into a good-prognosis group (EBV DNA ≤ 4000 copies/mL & T1–2), and a poor-prognosis group (EBV DNA ≤ 4000 copies/mL & T3–4 and EBV DNA > 4000 copies/mL & any T). Overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in the good-prognosis group compared with the training set (HR = 0.309, 95% CI 0.184–0.517;
P
< 0.001), and validated in the testing set (HR = 0.276, 95% CI 0.113–0.670;
P
= 0.002). In the poor-prognosis group, a significantly improved OS for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with RT alone was observed (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.88;
P
= 0.003). Patients who received induction chemotherapy (IC) + concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and CCRT had a significantly improved OS compared with RT alone (IC + CCRT vs. RT alone:
P
= 0.002; CCRT vs. RT alone:
P
= 0.008) but not in the IC + RT group (
P
= 0.306). The 5-year OS for CRT versus RT-alone with ACE-27 scores of 0, 1 and 2 were 76.0% versus 70.0% (
P
= 0.014), 80.5% versus 68.2% (
P
= 0.150) and 58.5% versus 62.2% (
P
= 0.490), respectively; for those aged 60–64, 65–70 and ≥ 70 years old they were 80.9% versus 75.9% (
P
= 0.068), 73.3% versus 63.4% (
P
= 0.270) and 64.8% versus 67.1% (
P
= 0.820), respectively.
Conclusions
For elderly NPC patients a simple screening cutoff for chemotherapy beneficiaries might be EBV DNA < 4000 copies/ml & T3–4 and EBV DNA ≥ 4000 copies/ml & any T, but not for those > 70 years old and with an ACE-27 score > 1. IC + CCRT and CCRT were effective forms of chemotherapy.
