Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process causes (or may cause) the autonomy of various labor ...functions, and its impact in creating (or stymieing) various job opportunities on the labor market. This book also seeks to illuminate what actors/groups are mostly benefited by the digitalization/digital transformation and which actors/groups that are put at risk by it.This book takes its point of departure from a 2016 OECD report that contends that the impact digitalization has on the future of labor is ambiguous, as on the one hand it is suggested that technological change is labor-saving, but on the other hand, it is suggested that digital technologies have not created new jobs on a scale that it replaces old jobs. Another 2018 OECD report indicated that digitalization and automation as such does not pose a real risk of destroying any significant number of jobs for the foreseeable future, although tasks would by and large change significantly. This would affects welfare, as most of its revenue stems from taxation, and particularly so from the taxation on labor (directly or indirectly). For this reason, this book will set out to explore how the future technological and societal advancements impact labor conditions.The book seeks to provide an innovative, enriching and controversial take on how various aspects of the labor market can be (and are) affected the ongoing digitalization trend in a way that is not covered by extant literature. As such, this book intends to cater to a wider readership, from a general audience and students, to specialized professionals and academics wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the possible future developments of the labor market in light of an accelerating digitalization/digital transformation of society at large.
Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process affects various welfare services provided by the public ...sector, and the ensuing implications thereof. Ultimately, this book seeks to understand if it is conceivable for digital advancement to result in the creation of private/non-governmental alternatives to welfare services, possibly in a manner that transcends national boundaries. This study also investigates the possible ramifications of technological development for the public sector and the Western welfare society at large. This book takes its point of departure from the 2016 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report that targets specific public service areas in which government needs to adopt new strategies not to fall behind. Specifically, this report emphasizes the focus on digitalization of health care/social care, education, and protection services, including the use of assistive technologies referred to as "digital welfare." Hence, this book explores the factors potentially leading to whether state actors could be overrun by other non-governmental actors, disrupting the current status quo of welfare services. The book seeks to provide an innovative, enriching, and controversial take on society at large and how various aspects of the public sector can be, and are, affected by the ongoing digitalization process in a way that is not covered by extant literature on the market. This book takes its point of departure in Sweden given the fact that Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries in Europe, according to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), making it a pertinent research case. However, as digitalization transcends national borders, large parts of the subject matter take on an international angle. This includes cases from several other countries around Europe as well as the United States.
This comprehensive guide serves to illuminate the rise and development of FinTech in Sweden, with the Internet as the key underlying driver. The multiple case studies examine topics such as: the ...adoption of online banking in Sweden; the identification and classification of different FinTech categories; process innovation developments within the traditional banking industry; and the Venture Capital (VC) landscape in Sweden, as shown through interviews with VC representatives, mainly from Sweden but also from the US and Germany, as well as offering insight into the companies that are currently operating in the FinTech arena in Sweden. The authors address questions such as: How will the regulatory landscape shape the future of FinTech companies? What are the factors that will likely drive the adoption of FinTech services in the future? What is the future role of banks in the context of FinTech and digitalization? What are the policies and government initiatives that aim to support the FinTech ecosystem in Sweden? Complex concepts and ideas are rendered in an easily digestible yet thought-provoking way. The book was initiated by the IIS (the Internet Foundation in Sweden), an independent organization promoting the positive development of the Internet in the country. It is also responsible for the Internet’s Swedish top-level domain .se, including the registration of domain names, and the administration and technical maintenance of the national domain name registry. The book illustrates how Sweden acts (or does not act) as a competitive player in the global FinTech arena, and is a vital addition to students and practitioners in the field.
Architectural design variables (ADVs) highly influence a building's sustainability performance. Thus, identifying which ADVs are most influential in a building's early stages is of great ...significance, especially when using computational building design optimization tools. Currently, sensitivity analysis based on computer simulations is the most commonly used means to identify which ADVs are the most influential in the early stages. However, we suggest that a stakeholder perspective should also be considered as stakeholders possess domain-specific knowledge and expertise as well as a contextual understanding that can greatly enhance the development and deployment of building design optimization tools. To explore the above, we combined a literature review with survey data from 24 architects and sustainability consultants in the Nordics. Surprisingly, we found that the influential ADVs in the literature do not always align with those of our surveyed stakeholders. For example, we found that the literature considers building plan, window-to-wall-ratio (WWR), and wall material as the most influential ADVs, which contrasts with storey number, storey height, WWR, roof material and wall material considered by stakeholders to be the most influential. We also found that the most influential ADVs differ across different sustainability optimization objectives, and that these also differ from the literature. Despite our limited survey sample, our study provides insights into influential ADVs and as such has implications for the development, use, and performance of computational building design optimization tools.
•The qualitative method combines a literature review and stakeholder surveys.•Energy, daylight, thermal comfort, and life cycle performance are important objectives.•A discrepancy of influential ADVs from literature and stakeholders was observed.•The literature shows the influential ADVs include WWR, building plan, and wall material.•Stakeholders consider WWR, shading, storey, roof, and wall material influential.
Firms downsize to improve their bottom line results often in reactive response to negative external shocks, such as economic downturns, but even in proactive efforts to enhance organizational ...performance when they are financially 'healthy', such as restructuring. Research reveals, however, that not only does downsizing generally fail to improve a firm's financial performance, but that it may even lead to reduced financial performance. To investigate this puzzling outcome, we build on previous research and integrate the concepts of downsizing, social capital, dynamic capabilities and performance in a multi-level model as well as discuss how social capital mediates the relationship between downsizing and dynamic capabilities. Thereafter, we develop (a) four propositions to elucidate how changes to the structural dimension of social capital due to downsizing, i.e. the removal of three key social network positions and changes to the firm's network structure, negatively mediate the relationship between downsizing and a firm's dynamic capabilities, and (b) two propositions incorporating internal (knowledge intensity) and external (institutional pressures) contextual variables in our model. We conclude by discussing how our research contributes to the downsizing and SHRM literature as well as the resource-based view and social capital literature before providing suggestions for future research and practitioners.
With the increasing processing power and plummeting costs of information and communication technologies, the ability of employees to ubiquitously access and disseminate information grows. However, ...emerging research shows that individuals are struggling to process information as fast as it arrives. The problem of information overload is a significant one for contemporary knowledge-intensive organizations because it can adversely affect productivity, decision making, and employee morale. To combat this problem, organizations often invest in technical solutions such as business intelligence software or semantic technologies. While such technical approaches can certainly aid in reducing information overload, less attention has been directed at understanding how collective behavior, and in particular transactive memory systems, might enhance the ability of organizations to cope with information overload. In this study, we ask whether (and, if so, how do) transactive memory systems act as a collective filter to enable organizational groups to mitigate the potential for information overload. We used social network analysis and interview evidence from the R&D departments of two high-technology firms in the life science industry and found that individuals spontaneously organized without any centralized control to create a collective filter. For example, we found that one set of individuals specialized in filtering external information into the group while another set specialized in filtering that information for internal use. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
•We examine how social networks deal with information overload in two high-tech firms.•Individuals facing a high information processing load rely on their networks.•Individuals self-organize to conduct external and internal filtering.•Social solutions are essential in tackling the information overload problem.•Transactive memory can explain how collectives deal with high processing loads.
Blockchain is increasingly lauded as an enabler of the transition to a circular economy. While there is considerable conceptual research and some empirical studies on this phenomenon, scholars have ...yet to develop a theoretical model of blockchain's role in this transition. Grounded in the sustainability transition literature, this paper addresses this gap through the following research question: What role does blockchain play in the transition to a circular economy? Following an abductive approach, we conducted interviews with ground‐level experts implementing blockchain innovations for the circular economy across Europe and the United States. Through a thematic analysis, we derived a theoretical model of the relationships among (1) drivers and barriers of the transition to a circular economy, (2) blockchain innovation for the circular economy, (3) technical challenges of blockchain, and (4) the circular economy. While blockchain plays a moderating role, interviewees considered it only an infrastructural resource rather than a panacea.
Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process causes (or may cause) the autonomy of various labor ...functions, and its impact in creating (or stymieing) various job opportunities on the labor market. This book also seeks to illuminate what actors/groups are mostly at risk by it. This book takes its point of departure from a 2016 OECD report that contends that the impact digitalization has on the future of labor is ambiguous, as on the one hand it is suggested that technological change is labor-saving, but on the other hand, it is suggested that digital technologies have not created new jobs on a scale that it replaces old jobs.
Digital entrepreneurs face the liability of newness, like any other entrepreneur. However, this liability of newness is manifested differently: it is mediated by an artefact, in this case a platform. ...This paper examines how a digital entrepreneur mediated by a platform can build legitimacy, something hitherto thought to be embedded within a social relationship (that is, one that a digital platform may be unable to have). Based on a qualitative research design, we develop the concept of "designed legitimacy", and we point to how trust may not be enough to overcome the liability of newness. Rather, legitimacy is needed to attract users and resources, and thus for growth and success. We further highlight the means through which a platform may come to be seen as legitimate, namely by designing with legitimacy in mind: by using symbols in design, asymmetric legitimacy building, and sequential two-stage legitimacy building. We end the paper with propositions for further study and the implications of this research for digital entrepreneurship and platforms.
Organizations are increasingly using digital technologies, such as crowdsourcing platforms and machine learning, to tackle innovation challenges. These technologies often require the combination of ...heterogeneous technical and domain-specific knowledge from diverse actors to achieve the organization's innovation goals. While research has focused on knowledge combination for relatively simple tasks on crowdsourcing platforms and within ML-based innovation, we know little about how knowledge is combined in emerging innovation approaches incorporating ML and crowdsourcing to solve domain-specific innovation challenges. Thus, this paper investigates the following: What are the challenges to knowledge combination in domain-specific ML-based crowdsourcing? We conducted a case study of an environmental challenge - how to use ML to predict the spread of a marine invasive species, led by the Swedish consortium Ocean Data Factory Sweden using the crowdsourcing platform Kaggle. After discussing our results, we end the paper with recommendations on how to integrate crowdsourcing into domain-specific digital innovation processes.
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