The current trend of grading scientists depending on the amount and quality of scientific papers led to a pressure in publishing, which now tends to be reduced by opting for high-quality ...publications. Experimental research, the largest part of scientific research, is by far best presented in research articles – abbreviated IMRaD – a form of presentation developed in the last 100 years and now almost standardized. Even though writing seems simple to ever scientist, its rules can be learned by practice. It is of utmost importance that a well conducted science is presented in a properly written manuscript, as there are cases when one was delayed in publication due to a bad scientific writing. As with any other type of research papers, IMRaD also requires good knowledge when its main parts are concerned, in structuring its different sections, in using the most suitable language, in conducting the final improvements before submitting to a journal, or in interacting with other scientists during the peer-review process. Authors can follow the basic rules suggested in this paper and have to pay attention to the ethics of scientific writing throughout the development of their manuscript. The final reward, the publication, will be the accompanied by the reader satisfaction, the number of citations and, if it is the case, the mentoring of a young colleague in writing research.
Determining the drivers of shifting forest disturbance rates remains a pressing global change issue. Large‐scale forest dynamics are commonly assumed to be climate driven, but appropriately scaled ...disturbance histories are rarely available to assess how disturbance legacies alter subsequent disturbance rates and the climate sensitivity of disturbance. We compiled multiple tree ring‐based disturbance histories from primary Picea abies forest fragments distributed throughout five European landscapes spanning the Bohemian Forest and the Carpathian Mountains. The regional chronology includes 11,595 tree cores, with ring dates spanning the years 1750–2000, collected from 560 inventory plots in 37 stands distributed across a 1,000 km geographic gradient, amounting to the largest disturbance chronology yet constructed in Europe. Decadal disturbance rates varied significantly through time and declined after 1920, resulting in widespread increases in canopy tree age. Approximately 75% of current canopy area recruited prior to 1900. Long‐term disturbance patterns were compared to an historical drought reconstruction, and further linked to spatial variation in stand structure and contemporary disturbance patterns derived from LANDSAT imagery. Historically, decadal Palmer drought severity index minima corresponded to higher rates of canopy removal. The severity of contemporary disturbances increased with each stand's estimated time since last major disturbance, increased with mean diameter, and declined with increasing within‐stand structural variability. Reconstructed spatial patterns suggest that high small‐scale structural variability has historically acted to reduce large‐scale susceptibility and climate sensitivity of disturbance. Reduced disturbance rates since 1920, a potential legacy of high 19th century disturbance rates, have contributed to a recent region‐wide increase in disturbance susceptibility. Increasingly common high‐severity disturbances throughout primary Picea forests of Central Europe should be reinterpreted in light of both legacy effects (resulting in increased susceptibility) and climate change (resulting in increased exposure to extreme events).
Climate change has been linked to increasing forest disturbance rates and large‐scale disturbance histories are needed to assess how disturbance legacies modulate climate–disturbance dynamics. Historical disturbance rates (c. 1750–2000), reconstructed with tree cores collected from primary Picea abies forests throughout Central‐Eastern Europe, have exhibited moderate sensitivity to drought extremes; developmental feedbacks are important determinants of a forest's responsiveness to climate‐induced events. Widespread increases in forest age have occurred throughout the 20th century and these developmental patterns, in addition to climate change, are responsible for the severity of recent disturbances.
Accurately capturing medium- to low-frequency trends in tree-ring data is vital to assessing climatic response and developing robust reconstructions of past climate. Non-climatic disturbance can ...affect growth trends in tree-ring-width (RW) series and bias climate information obtained from such records. It is important to develop suitable strategies to ensure the development of chronologies that minimize these medium- to low-frequency biases. By performing high density sampling (760 trees) over a ~40-ha natural high-elevation Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand in the Romanian Carpathians, this study assessed the suitability of several sampling strategies for developing chronologies with an optimal climate signal for dendroclimatic purposes. There was a roughly equal probability for chronologies (40 samples each) to express a reasonable (r = 0.3–0.5) to non-existent climate signal. While showing a strong high-frequency response, older/larger trees expressed the weakest overall temperature signal. Although random sampling yielded the most consistent climate signal in all sub-chronologies, the outcome was still sub-optimal. Alternative strategies to optimize the climate signal, including very high replication and principal components analysis, were also unable to minimize this disturbance bias and produce chronologies adequately representing climatic trends, indicating that larger scale disturbances can produce synchronous pervasive disturbance trends that affect a large part of a sampled population. The Curve Intervention Detection (CID) method, used to identify and reduce the influence of disturbance trends in the RW chronologies, considerably improved climate signal representation (from r = 0.28 before correction to r = 0.41 after correction for the full 760 sample chronology over 1909–2009) and represents a potentially important new approach for assessing disturbance impacts on RW chronologies. Blue intensity (BI) also shows promise as a climatically more sensitive variable which, unlike RW, does not appear significantly affected by disturbance. We recommend that studies utilizing RW chronologies to investigate medium- to long-term climatic trends also assess disturbance impact on those series.
Nicolae Doniță, Stoica Preda Godeanu, Roxana Corina Sfetea: Population, Species, Biocenosis: An integrating vision. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 2019, 109 p. ISBN-13: 978-613-9- 45530-0.
...Nichiforel L., Managementul forestier cu și fără guvern, Editura Performantica Iași, 2019, 171 p. ISBN 978-606-685-635-5
Fournier R.A., Hall R.J. (eds.), 2017. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications Fotografia emisferică în științele silvice: teorie, metode, aplicații (Vol. 28). Springer. eISSN 978-94-024-1098-3, 318 p
Ralf Th., 2017. Data Visualisation with R: 100 Examples Vizualizarea datelor cu R: 100 de exemple. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-49750-1, eISBN 978-3-319-49751-8, 385 p.
ISBN 978-3-319-49750-1, eISBN 978-3-319-49751-8, 385 p. Prezentarea de faţă este a unei cărţi care s-a publicat iniţial în limba germană ("Datendesign mit R: 100 Visualisierungsbeispiele", Open ...Source Press 2014, 426 p.) şi care, datorită succesului înregistrat, a fost tradusă şi în limba engleză. În continuare, sunt enumerate principalele biblioteci şi funcţii folosite în lucrare, o idee care însă alterează cursivitatea cărţii şi ar fi putut constitui mai degrabă obiectul unei anexe de final, chiar dacă această prezentare este în conformitate cu spiritului lucrării, în sensul unei cunoaşteri aprofundate a modului în care se pot realiza graficele cu R. Capitolul următor continuă cu posibilităţile de îmbunătăţire a reprezentărilor, de data aceasta cu ajutorul limbajului LaTeX şi al aplicaţiei gratuite Inkscape, idei utile mai ales pentru graficele individuale. Hărţile sunt descrise în capitolul 10, în mod special fiind avute în vedere cele bazate pe poligoane (choroplet ), sau posibilităţile de personalizare cu straturi suplimentare (puncte, simboluri sau diagrame - grafice tip plăcintă, coloane sau chiar reprezentări 3D). Şapte exemple de grafice ce ies din tiparele obişnuite ale aplicaţiei, mai mult sau mai puţin combinaţii ale celor prezentate anterior, se regăsesc în ultimul capitol.
Editura Silvică, 2018, 214 p. ISBN 978-606-8020-58-7 În ciuda importanţei pe care o prezintă pentru lucrările de restaurare a vegetaţiei forestiere în zone din care aceasta a fost eliminată sau în ...care există disponibilitate pentru (re)colonizare, literatura de specialitate românească ce abordează dinamica acesteia - şi în mod special succesiunile -, este încă la un nivel redus comparativ cu publicaţiile din străinătate, în ciuda unor preocupări anterioare semnificative (Paşcovschi S. 1958. Sinteza stadiului cunoştinţelor pe tematicile menţionate este prezentată într-un capitol extins, ce include atât informaţii cu caracter istoric, cât şi referitoare la dinamica vegetaţiei (analize polinice), la diversitatea criptogramelor/floristică sau la speciile forestiere (din prisma fitotoxicităţii substratelor contaminate). Cu ajutorul ultimului indicator, s-a calculat şi un indice al toxicităţii relative, spaţializat apoi la nivelul întregii zone studiate.
Schmuller, J., Statistical Analysis with R for Dummies Analiză statistică cu R pentru începători. Prima parte este una introductivă în analiza statistică cu R şi prezintă informaţii de bază, mai ...întâi din statistică - eşantionaj şi populaţie statistică, tipuri de date, variabile şi testarea ipotezelor, apoi de utilizare a R - RStudio ca interfaţă de lucru, funcţiile şi structurile de date din R, bibliotecile, precum şi importul datelor din diferite formate. Astfel, sunt trecute în revistă principalele tipuri de grafice ce pot fi realizate cu R - un aspect la care aplicaţia excelează (cap. 3), sunt descrise apoi modalităţile de calcul ale indicatorilor centrali (medie, mediană, modul) (cap. 4), iar în următorul, pe cele referitoare la varianţă şi abaterea standard.
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