Uprooted Thum, Gregor
2011., 20110808, 2011, 2011-08-08, 20110101
eBook
With the stroke of a pen at the Potsdam Conference following the Allied victory in 1945, Breslau, the largest German city east of Berlin, became the Polish city of Wroclaw. Its more than six hundred ...thousand inhabitants--almost all of them ethnic Germans--were expelled and replaced by Polish settlers from all parts of prewar Poland. Uprooted examines the long-term psychological and cultural consequences of forced migration in twentieth-century Europe through the experiences of Wroclaw's Polish inhabitants.
The use of selected Baltic coastal organisms as potential alternative feed material in the formulation of rainbow trout diets was studied. German coastal water organisms (Delesseria sanguinea, ...seaweed red algae (A); Mytilus spp., Baltic blue mussel (M); Alitta virens, king ragworm (W)) were analyzed for nutrient, amino acid and mineral composition, and tested in comparative feeding trials. Five dietary treatments were supplied to a total of 165 juvenile rainbow trout (778 ± 111 g) for 75 days, allotted in 15 special brackish (3–5 practical salinity units (PSU)) water basins consisting of 11 fish each (3 fish tanks (300 L) at 12 °C per feeding group). The fish were fed as follows: C group, 100% basic diet (control); A group, 10% red algae in C diet; M group, 10% mussel in C diet; W group, 35% ragworm in C diet; AW group, 10% algae + 30% ragworm in C diet. Feed provision was performed manually, once a day, with the feed offer adjusted to 1.8% of fish weight for the respective tank. The fish weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. In the proximate analysis of the different coastal organisms, the lowest crude protein content in dry matter (DM) was found in blue mussels (10.9%), whereas it was almost doubled in algae (21.8%), with the highest being found in the ragworm (63.1%). By contrast, the crude ash content was the highest in the mussel (84.4%, mostly due to CaCO3 from the shell), much less in the red algae (28.1%) and the lowest in the ragworms (20.1%). The gross energy (GE) concentration was the highest in the ragworm (18.8 MJ × kg−1), 12.1 MJ × kg−1 in the algae and the lowest in the blue mussel (2.93 MJ × kg−1). The final weight of the fish ranged between 1780 and 2310 g at the end of the feeding trial, being the lowest for the fish fed the diet combined with red algae (A diet group) and the highest for the fish fed the control diet. No differences in FCR were found for the fish fed the five dietary treatments (p > 0.05), except for the W diet group (king ragworm has a lower FCR than that of the A group red algae, p < 0.05). The results from this trial suggest that at the tested amounts, both king ragworm and blue mussels are promising alternative feed material for rationing the rainbow trout diet, but not red algae, unless combined with ragworms.
Shatterzone of Empires Larry Wolfe, Gregor Thum, Dan Diner, Theodore R. Weeks, Gary B. Cohen, Pieter M. Judson, Frithjof Benjamin Schenk, Elke Hartmann, Patrice M. Dabrowski, Robert Nemes, Yaroslav Hrytsak, Tomas Balkelis, Taner Akçam, Eyal Ginio, Keith Brown, David Gaunt, Peter Holquist, Alexander V. Prusin, John-Paul Hi / Omer Bartov, Eric D. Weitz / OMER BARTOV, ERIC D WEITZ
02/2013
eBook
Shatterzone of Empires is a comprehensive analysis of interethnic relations, coexistence, and violence in Europe's eastern borderlands over the past two centuries. In this vast territory, extending ...from the Baltic to the Black Sea, four major empires with ethnically and religiously diverse populations encountered each other along often changing and contested borders. Examining this geographically widespread, multicultural region at several levels-local, national, transnational, and empire-and through multiple approaches-social, cultural, political, and economic-this volume offers informed and dispassionate analyses of how the many populations of these borderlands managed to coexist in a previous era and how and why the areas eventually descended into violence. An understanding of this specific region will help readers grasp the preconditions of interethnic coexistence and the causes of ethnic violence and war in many of the world's other borderlands both past and present.
The last German Emperor, Wilhelm II, was notorious for his offensive speeches. On 5 June 1902, Wilhelm delivered an address in the Marienburg Castle, the former seat of the Teutonic Order in the ...German-Polish borderlands of the Prussian east. In front of dignitaries of the Prussian-German state, the Austrian-based Teutonic Order, and the Order of St. John seated in Berlin, who had all convened to celebrate the historical reconstruction of the Marienburg, the German monarch declared:
In this castle, at this very place, I once took the opportunity to highlight how the old Marienburg, this former bulwark in the east,
Although the societies of Poland, the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany differed in more than one way, their remembrance of Prussia followed strikingly similar trends and fulfilled similar ...political functions after 1945. The first two postwar decades saw the demonization of Prussia as a means of legitimizing the postwar political order. Prussia’s image as the epitome of authoritarianism and militarism in German history served as a counter-image for the Federal Republic and its project of political westernization; and it served the communist leadership of the GDR, which portrayed the GDR as a revolutionary state that broke with Prussia’s imperialist and feudal traditions. In Poland, the demonization of Prussia was a crucial element in the attempts to justify the incorporation of the German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line, all of which had been part of Prussia. With the stabilization of the postwar order, the demonization of Prussia lost in significance. In the seventies, historians of all three societies began to question the overly negative depiction of Prussia and promoted a more balanced view of its history. While the popular image of Prussia improved significantly in both German states, it remained largely negative in Poland. Here, the demonization of Prussia not only had a far longer tradition, but it also continued to be politically useful for the communist party. After the end of communism in Poland and the reunification of Germany, an upsurge in local initiatives to revitalize the cultural landscapes of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Masuria, and Silesia led to a rediscovery of Prussia’s material legacy in Germany and Poland. Although this did not lead to a re-glorification of the Prussian past, there is evidence of local attempts to embrace parts of this history. After all, the preservation and cultural development of those regions that have been shaped by their centuries-long affiliation with Prussia is dependent on a more positive image of the Hohenzollern state. This is particularly the case in Poland, where the condemnation of everything Prussian has a long tradition. Even though it is too early to assess the results of a current process, there are signs for a Polish rebranding of Prussia as an a-national state with a significant Polish component. These locally and regionally driven reinterpretations not only challenge established views in Poland but also popular perceptions in Germany, according to which Prussia was first and foremost a German state.
PDF
