Društveno poduzetništvo kao nov način poslovanja područje je spajanja poduzetničkih praksi iz poslovnog svijeta i vrijednosti povezanih s društvenom odgovornosti i načelima održivog razvoja. ...Braniteljske zadruge i zadruge ratnih veterana globalno su prepoznati modeli razvoja društvenog poduzetništva. Usprkos dugoj tradiciji zadrugarstva u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH), ono još uvijek nije široko korišteni poslovni model. Cilj je istraživanja predstavljenoga u ovome radu da se analizom stanja i praksi ukaže na potencijal koji braniteljske udruge i zadruge imaju kao značajan oblik društvenog poduzetništva u hrvatskom kontekstu u perspektivi društvenih poduzeća za radnu integraciju. S obzirom da ova tema u hrvatskoj znanosti do sada nije bila primjereno istraživana, provedeno recentno istraživanje pokazuje kako bi braniteljske socijalno-radne zadruge mogle doprinijeti razvoju društvenog poduzetništva u RH, ostvarenju održivog i društveno odgovornog poslovanja te socijalnoj i radnoj integraciji ranjivih skupina.
Social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Croatia is a relatively new concept. The issue of the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Croatia is closely related to the lack of an appropriate legal framework, and with the still insufficiently clear criteria for recognizing social entrepreneurs. Cooperatives have a strong potential as one of the instruments of economic and local development, especially social cooperatives that help the socially disadvantaged, the infirm and people in difficult life situations. Veterans belong to a vulnerable group in Croatian society, whose integration into society is still difficult for a number of reasons. Some of the factors are the insufficiently clear and harmonized legislative framework, the insufficient social welfare system and the generally unfavourable social environment. Therefore, veterans’ social working cooperatives represent a potential form of association that enables veterans to be more easily included in society, with the development of entrepreneurial activities and at the same time achieving a positive social role. The assessment of the state of cooperatives in the Republic of Croatia showed that the veterans’ population is insufficiently informed about the possibilities of acting within the framework of social entrepreneurship. This paper specifically considers the potential of veterans’ social working cooperatives as work integration social enterprises. Given that long-term unemployed Croatian veterans of the Homeland War and members of their families are often in the group of hard-to-employ persons, there is a need to take certain measures aimed at strengthening their competitiveness in the labour market.
Trajnostnost kulturne dediščine je kompleksno vprašanje, ki se zlasti na projektni ravni redko meri. Razlog za to je predvsem pomanjkanje splošnih kazalnikov, zaradi česar so številni projekti s ...področja dediščine samo delno trajnostni. V članku avtorici opredelita pojem trajnostne dediščine ter predstavita metode za njegovo ugotavljanje in presojo. Raziskava, ki sta jo opravili, se je osredotočala na analizo izbranih primerov dobre prakse v Grčiji, Italiji in Španiji ter na Poljskem, Portugalskem in Nizozemskem, ti so bili kot strateški projekti vključeni v posamezne instrumente regionalne ali lokalne politike Evropske unije. Metode, s katerimi sta proučevali kazalnike, ki bi se lahko uporabili za vrednotenje trajnostnih naložb v kulturno dediščino, so vključevale kabinetno raziskavo in naknadno analizo izbranih projektov s področja dediščine, financiranih v okviru posameznih instrumentov politike EU, intervjuje z upravitelji kulturne dediščine, fokusne skupine in primerjalno analizo proučevanih primerov dobre prakse. Iz izsledkov je razviden ključen pomen naslednjih dejavnikov: sodelovanje in široka vključenost raznih deležnikov, dobro kulturno upravljanje, razvejani viri financiranja, vključenost lokalne skupnosti, ki kulturno dediščino vzame za svojo, upoštevanje strokovnih standardov, inovativne rešitve in skrbno prostorsko načrtovanje pri zagotavljanju trajnostne dediščine. Primeri dobre prakse so težko prenosljivi, saj je uspeh prenosa odvisen od značilnosti lokalnega okolja. Za opredelitev trajnostne dediščine na projektni ravni je predlagan splošen nabor kazalnikov trajnostnosti, na podlagi katerih bi bile lahko v okviru instrumentov politike opredeljene prihodnje prednostne naloge in upravičene naložbe.
Sustainability of cultural heritage is a complex issue and is rarely measured, especially at the project level, mainly due to a lack of universal heritage sustainability indicators. This is why many ...heritage projects are only partially sustainable. This article defines the concept of heritage sustainability and offers methods to measure and evaluate it. The research presented was conducted on good practice examples analysed in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, which are assessed as strategic projects within specific EU, regional, or local policy instruments. The methodology, which explored possible indicators for evaluating the sustainability of cultural heritage investments, involved desk research and ex post analysis of selected heritage projects funded within a policy instrument, interviews with cultural heritage managers, focus groups, and comparative analysis of best practices analysed. The findings showed the crucial importance of cooperation and broad participation of various stakeholders, excellent cultural management, diversification of funding sources, community involvement and appropriation of cultural heritage by the community, respect for professional standards, innovative solutions, and careful spatial planning in ensuring heritage sustainability. Transferability of good practice examples is challenging because it depends on the local context. In order to be able to measure heritage sustainability at the project level, an all-encompassing set of cultural heritage sustainability indicators is proposed. To justify heritage investments, policy instruments may consider future priorities based on this set of indicators.
Considering that more than half of the world’s population today lives in cities and consumes about 80% of the world’s energy and that there is a problem with drinking water supply, this paper ...presents a way to solve the problem of the sustainability of cities by enabling their complete independence from external sources of energy and drinking water. The proposed solution entails the use of Seawater Steam Engine (SSE) technology to supply cities with electricity, thermal energy and drinking water. The system would involve the seasonal storage of electricity and thermal energy, supported by geothermal heat pumps. The strategy of the distribution network would be based on the original concept of the “loop”. In cities that do not have enough space, SSE collectors would be placed above the lower parts of the city like “canopies”. The city of Zagreb (Croatia) was selected as a case study due to its size, climate and vulnerability to natural disasters. The results show that Zagreb could become sustainable in 30 years with the allocation of less than 2% of GDP and could become a paradigm of sustainability for cities worldwide. This paper encourages the development of the “Philosophy of Sustainability” because the stated goals cannot be achieved without a change in consciousness.
Dubrovnik is one of the most visited destinations on the Adriatic coast. However, the large number of visits is affecting the heritage area of the city, and since the Old City of Dubrovnik have been ...under the UNESCO protection from 1979 it is important to achieve the balance between tourism and sustainability of the heritage site. The use of smart and open data can improve tourism flow management in cultural heritage sites.
The aim of this paper is to identify innovative solutions, with the support of new technologies and big data, in order to reduce negative impacts of tourism on cultural heritage sites. The set of indicators are defined and a holistic model is proposed to analyse these data and use them in sustainable management of cultural heritage cities. The newly developed smart holistic models are presented in the case of the City of Dubrovnik since it is largely dedicated to tourism. The analysis of tourist flows in the City of Dubrovnik has been done following a system of indicators developed by the Agency for sustainable Mediterranean cities and territories in the framework of Interreg Mediterranean project HERIT-DATA that consists of 21 indicators divided into 6 groups. A large number of tourists are affecting not only space and infrastructure, but also the life of residents. Therefore, it is of the greatest importance to manage tourism in a more holistic and sustainable way and to find the balance between tourism and its economic contributions and sustainability.
The proposed set of indicators and a new smart holistic model will help policy makers, destination managers, cities and sites to anticipate and manage the tourism flows in a smarter way. The results of the analysis showed that the overtourism in Dubrovnik has still not affected the infrastructure and environmental conditions, but it greatly affects the residents of the city and their quality of life. Also, the smart solution for managing the tourism flows in the Old City of Dubrovnik already exists, in the form of Application for the prediction of the number of visitors, but it should be used in a way that helps better manage the tourist flows.
Today, tourism as the most important global service industry faces many challenges, which call for innovations. That includes product (new products and services), process (new ways of delivering ...tourist services), logistical (new ways of providing products/services to tourists), and market innovations (new marketing methods or market behaviour). To detect the number and types of tourism innovations funded by the EU in the Adriatic-Ionian region (AIR), a desk research approach and a survey was carried out between 2020 and 2022. The purpose of our work was to detect projects fostering innovations in sustainable tourism, analyse their innovation capacity and propose possible policy enhancements. The main research questions were: Firstly, are financial incentives appropriate measures to foster innovations? and secondly what is the role of governance models of the EUSAIR in fostering innovations in sustainable tourism? In total, 88 projects were detected fostering different types of innovations. The results demonstrate an uneven geographical distribution of financial incentives for innovative projects and underline the lack of a clear understanding of the concept of innovation in funded projects and in seconded national administration in the AIR. Additionally, our findings show that financial incentives, although welcome, do not always foster innovations. Rather, an effective governance should be in place to tailor the appropriate financial incentives and guide the process. Our work contributes to the development of new guidelines related to growth and innovation in sustainable tourism in the AIR.
Payments for ecosystem services are a voluntary market-based instrument to remunerate provider(s) of ecosystem services by those who benefit from them. Our research aimed to create an ex post ...evaluation framework to identify bottlenecks and elements hindering the success of a solution-driven PES scheme. The framework was applied to a case study to assess its feasibility and concerns the provision of health and recreational services in the Medvednica Nature Park (Zagreb, Croatia). The framework was set up through three main sources: the study of PES implementation project documentation, semi-structured interviews with visitors and key stakeholders, and web-scraping of TripAdvisor reviews of the park. The main findings confirm society’s interest in the park, but the lack of mapping, quantification, and accounting of the services analysed, the little or no demand from society to pay for their provision, and confused knowledge of the property rights of some ecosystem service providers in the area limit the success of the PES scheme. The framework was useful to describe the chosen PES scheme and to identify bottlenecks and fragilities of the system in place, allowing it to correct its application flaws and, on the other hand, to demonstrate its replicability in other contexts.
The integration of bioeconomy principles in bionic production holds promise for enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. This scientific article aims to investigate the potential of ...bioeconomy-driven approaches in bionic production, focusing on the utilization of renewable biological resources, sustainable manufacturing techniques, and circular design strategies. The research questions guide the exploration of resource utilization, manufacturing techniques, waste reduction, environmental impact assessment, and economic considerations. The article presents a conceptual framework that integrates bioeconomy principles throughout the life cycle of bionic products, validating the proposed concepts and methodologies. By embracing bioeconomy principles, this article highlights the potential of bionic production to contribute to sustainable development, resource conservation, and the transition toward a bioeconomy.
Ecotourism is a sustainable form of tourism in protected areas that provides support for nature protection and sustainable development of local communities. Biosphere reserves are special areas with ...a relatively original nature and active socio-economic development, as well as with cultural characteristics that must be in harmony with the ecological environment. Understanding the interaction of environmental, economic and social factors in a biosphere reserve is the basis for setting the concept of sustainable development of ecotourism. In respect to that, this paper includes an analysis of the concepts of ecotourism within the protected areas Kopački rit (Croatia) and Gornje Podunavlje (Serbia), in the biosphere reserves Mura – Drava – Dunav (Croatia) and Bačko Podunavlje (Serbia), with the main aim of making a comparative analysis of their organization. The main findings are providing the knowledge basis in terms of nature protection according to the national legislation and international nature protection statuses, nature degradation and challenges of protected area management, organization of tourism, cooperation between nature protection and tourism development, projects supporting the nature protection and ecotourism development and involvement of the local population.
Ekoturizam je održivi oblik turizma koji u zaštićenim područjima pruža podršku zaštiti prirode i održivom razvoju lokalnih zajednica u njihovu okruženju. Rezervati biosfere posebna su područja s relativno izvornom prirodom i aktivnim društveno-ekonomskim razvojem, kao i s kulturnim osobnostima koje moraju biti suglasne s ekološkim okruženjem. Spoznaja o interakciji ekoloških, ekonomskih, kulturnih i društvenih čimbenika u nekom rezervatu biosfere predstavlja temelj za postavljanje koncepcije održivog razvoja ekoturizma. Ovaj rad obuhvaća analizu koncepcija razvoja ekoturizma zaštićenih područja Kopački rit (Hrvatska) i Gornje Podunavlje (Srbija), u rezervatima biosfere Mura – Drava – Dunav (Hrvatska) i Bačko Podunavlje (Srbija), s glavnim ciljem da se napravi usporedna analiza njihove opće organizacije. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju ključne informacije o zaštiti prirode u skladu s nacionalnim zakonodavstvima i međunarodnim standardima zaštite prirode, degradacije prirode i izazova upravljanja zaštićenim područjima, organizacije ekoturizma, povezanosti između zaštite prirode i razvoja ekoturizma, projekata koji podržavaju zaštitu prirode i razvoj ekoturizma i uključivanja lokalnog stanovništva u daljnji razvoj.
Cross-border areas and cross-border cooperation are one of the priorities of the EU policy. Those areas, often rich in recreational, cultural and natural resources provide a great potential for the ...development of sustainable tourism. The article analyzes the tourism in the Croatian-Hungarian (HR-HU) cross-border area under the assumption that different interventions can influence the perception of tourists and contribute to the realization of the full potential of the area. The method applied in the analysis is the gravity model. The results obtained by the model were tested with online in-depth interviews with three experts having backgrounds in entrepreneurship, decision making and the non-governmental sector, and focus groups, consisting of 31 experts in the field, show that altogether 72% of the tourists cross the border during a trip to the HR-HU border regions. Almost half of the respondents plan and organize programs during the trip. The main sources of collecting information about a trip are friends, family members and acquaintances, while 80% of the respondents also use at least one online tool for planning of the trip. In order to improve tourism indicators in the Croatian-Hungarian cross-border area, development of a cross-border online platform is being envisaged that would integrate different services and attractions, collect and utilize data, being the most important new raw material, thus opening a completely new space for virtual tourism.
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