Darwin's naturalisation conundrum describes the paradox that the relatedness of exotic species to native residents could either promote or hinder their success through opposing mechanisms: niche ...pre‐adaptation or competitive interactions. Previous studies focusing on single snapshots of invasion patterns have provided support to both sides of the conundrum. Here, by examining invasion dynamics of 480 plots over 40 years, we show that exotic species more closely related to native species were more likely to enter, establish and dominate the resident communities, and that native residents more closely related to these successful exotics were more likely to go locally extinct. Therefore, non‐random displacement of natives during invasion could weaken or even reverse the negative effects of exotic–native phylogenetic distances on invasion success. The scenario that exotics more closely related to native residents are more successful, but tend to eliminate their closely related natives, may help to reconcile the 150‐year‐old conundrum.
Breast cancer is the major cause of death in females globally. Chemokine-like factor like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 7 (CMTM7) is reported as a tumor suppressor and is involved in ...epidermal growth factor receptor degradation and PI3K/AKT signaling in previous studies. However, other molecular mechanisms of CMTM7 remain unclear.
The expression level of CMTM7 in breast cancer cells and tissues was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, and the methylation of CMTM7 promoter was detected by BSP sequencing. The effect of CMTM7 was verified both in vitro and in vivo, including MTT, colony formation, EdU assay, transwell assay and wound healing assay. The interaction between CMTM7 and CTNNA1 was investigated by co-IP assay. The regulation of miR-182-5p on CMTM7 and TCF3 on miR-182-5p was detected by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP analysis.
This study detected the hypermethylation levels of the CMTM7 promoter region in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. CMTM7 was performed as a tumor suppressor both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CMTM7 was a direct miR-182-5p target. Besides, we found that CMTM7 could interact with Catenin Alpha 1 (CTNNA1) and regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, transcription factor 3 (TCF3) can regulate miR-182-5p. We identified a feedback loop with the composition of miR-182-5p, CMTM7, CTNNA1, CTNNB1 (β-catenin), and TCF3, which play essential roles in breast cancer progression.
These findings reveal the emerging character of CMTM7 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bring new sights of gene interaction. CMTM7 and other elements in the feedback loop may serve as emerging targets for breast cancer therapy.
We propose an inferencing framework of a hybrid-integrated photonic spiking neural network (PSNN) to perform pattern recognition tasks, where the linear computation is realized based on a 4 × 4 ...silicon photonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) array, and the nonlinear computation is performed by an InP-based spiking neuron array based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with an embedded saturable absorber (VCSELs-SA). With the modified Tempotron-like remote supervised method (ReSuMe) training algorithm, we realize two pattern recognition tasks, the recognition of numbers "0-3" and optical character recognition (OCR). The phase shifts in the MZI array are accurately configured to represent the weight matrix according to the decomposition procedure of a 4 × 4 triangular MZI mesh. Besides, the effects of the phase shift error and quantization precision of phase shifters (PSs) on the recognition performance are analyzed. For the OCR task, the 400 × 10 PSNN is realized by multiplexing the 4 × 4 MZI array based on the matrix blocking and the reconfigurability of the MZI array. This work provides a systematic computational model of the hybrid-integrated PSNN based on the silicon photonics and InP platforms, enabling the co-design and optimization of hardware architecture and algorithm, which contributes one step forward toward the construction of a hybrid-integrated PSNN hardware system.
A film stripping method that allows for liquid phase exfoliation assisted by spin coating polymethyl methacrylate has been investigated, resulting in a two‐inch hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) film to ...be fully stripped and then transferred. A number of key factors that can influence the stripping and the transferring process of the films grown by sputtering have been systematically analyzed, including different solutions, different concentration of solution and different thickness of films. The morphology and properties of the hBN films before and after stripping have been characterized. The band edge absorption peak of the transferred film is 229 nm and the corresponding optical band gap is 5.50 eV. Such transferred hBN films have been fabricated into transparent resistive switching devices on indium‐tin‐oxide glass, demonstrating a constant resistance window of ≈102 even under different applied voltages. This work systematically studies the stripping process, characterizes the transferred films, and explores the application in the field of resistance switching, which lay a foundation for the further application of hBN materials in optoelectronic devices.
Wafer‐scale continuous hexagonal boron nitride thick films are prepared by magnetron sputtering, and the two‐inch complete films are peeled and transferred. The integrity and continuity of the transferred films are verified by measuring the resistance switching behavior. This work systematically studies the stripping process, characterizes the transferred films, and explores the application in the field of resistance switching.
Objective
The skin is the second most affected organ after articular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Cutaneous involvement occurs in approximately 80% of patients during ...the course of SLE. Interaction between the host and skin microorganism is a complex process. There are few studies on the diversity of skin microbes in SLE patients. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between skin microorganisms and SLE.
Methods
A total of 20 SLE patients, 20 controls with rosacea and 20 healthy controls were selected as study subjects. Both the skin microbiota of rash region and non-rash region for each SLE patient were collected.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detected skin microbiota from 80 specimens. α-Diversity and β-diversity of skin microbiota were analyzed based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and minimal entropy decomposition (MED). Using Wilcoxon test and Linear Discriminate Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), skin microbial diversity and composition were analyzed. Functional capabilities of microbiota were estimated through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.
Results
Compared to rash region of SLE, diversity and richness were increased in healthy controls, and decreased in non-rash region of SLE and rash region of controls with rosacea. Additionally, changes of skin microbial composition were found at different taxonomic levels between four groups. For example, genus Halomonas was increased and genera Pelagibacterium, Novosphingobium, and Curvibacter were decreased in rash region compared to non-rash region of SLE based on OTUs and MED. Based on OTUs, metabolic pathways were also found differences in SLE patients, such as Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism.
Conclusion
Compositions and diversity of skin microbiota in SLE patients are changed. This pilot study provides some suggestive evidence for further exploration of skin microbiota in SLE patients with cutaneous involvement.
In this work, we report on achieving enhanced performance NiOx/beta gallium oxide (Formula Omitted-Ga2O3) heterojunction p-n diodes (HJDs) through synergistic interface engineering (SIE), which can ...greatly improve the electrical characteristics and interface characteristics of HJDs. It is shown that the NiOx surface undergoes morphological improvement and hole concentration enhancement after the UV/ozone treatment (UVO). Owing to the improved interfacial properties of Ni/NiOx, the forward conduction current of NiOx/Formula Omitted-Ga2O3 HJD has significantly increased. Furthermore, the HJD performance can be improved by SIE with UVO and postannealing, especially for the reverse breakdown characteristics. Finally, a high-performance HJD without any terminal structure is obtained, which exhibits a low specific on-resistance of 2.47 mFormula Omittedcm2 and a high breakdown voltage of 1355 V, yielding a high Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) of 0.743 GW/cm2, which is a 219.17% enhancement in performance compared to untreated device. This work offers a practical and effective strategy for developing advanced Ga2O3 devices with exceptional performance metrics, paving the way for future technological breakthroughs.
Assignment of cell types from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data remains a time-consuming and error-prone process. Current packages for identity assignment use limited types of reference ...data and often have rigid data structure requirements. We developed the clustifyr R package to leverage several external data types, including gene expression profiles to assign likely cell types using data from scRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, microarray expression data, or signature gene lists. We benchmark various parameters of a correlation-based approach and implement gene list enrichment methods. clustifyr is a lightweight and effective cell-type assignment tool developed for compatibility with various scRNA-seq analysis workflows. clustifyr is publicly available at
https://github.com/rnabioco/clustifyr
An amorphous ZrO 2 based tunneling junction memristor (TJM) with a tunneling electroresistance (TER) ratio above 400 is demonstrated. It is attributed to the modulation of tunneling barrier width ...induced by the accumulation of oxygen vacancies (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{O}^{+} </tex-math></inline-formula>) and negative charges near the ZrO 2 /semiconductor interface. The ferroelectric-like behaviors attributed to the voltage-modulated switching of the dipoles consisting of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{O}^{+} </tex-math></inline-formula> and negative charges in ZrO 2 are characterized by a polarization-voltage test. The ZrO 2 TJM achieves a TER ratio above 400 under 2.5/-1.5 V at 100 ns write/erase pulse condition, over 10 4 cycles program/erase endurance, and >10 4 s data retention.
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