OBJECTIVESHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is regarded as one of the important tumor-related viruses, which are known to have a role in cervical carcinoma; however, there are few reports on HPV16 ...in gastric carcinoma (GC). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HPV16 and the occurrence of GC.
METHODSLiquid PCR (LPCR) and in-situ PCR (ISPCR) methods were carried out to detect the HPV16 oncogene E6 cell-type-specific enhancer in the long control region of HPV16 in 40 GCs and corresponding gastric adjacent normal mucosa (GANM). The patients were from Shaanxi Province in China; Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was detected by immunohistochemistry and by hematoxylin and eosin staining in their gastric tissues.
RESULTSThe HPV16 E6 gene was detected in 37.5% (15/40) of the GCs and 5% (2/40) of the GANMs with LPCR, as was the cell-type-specific enhancer; however, the positive rate of E6 was 27.5% (11/40) in GCs and 0% (0/40) in GANMs, respectively, with ISPCR. HPV16 DNA was mainly located in the nucleus of gastric glandular epithelium cells. The infection rate of HPV16 DNA in GCs was higher than that in GANMs (P=0.0004), and the HPV16 had no statistical correlations with sex, age, invasion, grading or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). The infection rate of HPV16 in cardiac GCs was significantly higher than that in noncardiac ones (P=0.0136), and HPV16 had no correlation with Hp in GCs (P=0.0829). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis indicated that there was no statistical difference between the LPCR and ISPCR methods in our study through optimizing parameters in ISPCR procedures (P=0.768).
CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggested that HPV16 can infect gastric glandular epithelium cells and that viral infection might play a role in the occurrence of GCs independent of or without the cooperation of an Hp infection.
The interaction between negatively charged QDs and HSA is a adsorption behavior, which depends on the nanoparticle itself rather than the coating molecule. However, the adsorption of HSA onto the ...surface of positively charged QDs would result in the aggregation of nanoparticles. Display omitted
► The interaction between negatively charged QDs and HSA is a adsorption behavior. ► A protein corona comes into being on the surface of negatively charged QDs. ► The adsorption of HSA to the positively charged QDs results in the aggregation of QDs. ► The aggregation of QDs can act as the nuclei adsorbing larger amounts of proteins.
This paper investigates the interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with nearly identical hydrodynamic size, but capped with four different ligands (MPA, NAC, and GSH are negatively charged; CA is positively charged) under physiological conditions. The investigation was carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, UV–vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results of fluorescence quenching and UV–vis absorption spectra experiments indicated the formation of the complex of HSA and negatively charged QDs (MPA-CdTe, NAC-CdTe, and GSH-CdTe), which was also reconfirmed by the increasing of the hydrodynamic radius of QDs. The Ka values of the three negatively charged QDs are of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the interactions are related to the nanoparticle itself rather than the ligands. ΔH<0 and ΔS>0 implied that the electrostatic interactions play predominant roles in the adsorption process. Furthermore, it was also proven that QDs can induce the conformational changes of HSA from the CD spectra and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of HSA. However, our results demonstrate that the interaction mechanism between the positively charged QDs (CA-CdTe) and HSA is significantly different from negatively charged QDs. For CA-CdTe QDs, both the static and dynamic quenching occur within the investigated range of concentrations. According to the DLS results, some large-size agglomeration also emerged.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and ionizing radiation (IR) are common genotoxic stresses that damage human skin, although the specific damages to the genomic DNA are different. Here, we show that in the ...mouse glabrous skin, both UVR and IR induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and condensed cell nuclei. However, only IR induces mitotic catastrophe (MC) in the epidermis. This is because UVR induces a complete blockage of pRB phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, whereas pRB phosphorylation remains positive in a significant portion of the epidermal keratinocytes following IR exposure. Furthermore, Cyclin B1 expression is significantly downregulated only by IR but not UVR. Finally, there are more MC cells in the epidermis of p53‐/‐ mice after IR exposure as compared to wild‐type mice. Our results suggest that although both IR and UVR are genotoxic, they show distinct impacts on the cell cycle machinery and thus damage the epidermal keratinocytes via different mechanisms.
MoSe sub(2)-MoO sub(2) honeycombed carbon composites have been obtained, in which the honeycombed carbon derived from sisal fiber services as a conductive matrix. The detailed preparation process is ...reported in this paper. The prepared composites are characterized by XRD, Raman, EDX, SEM and XPS analysis. It is obtained that the hybrid MoO sub(2)-MoSe sub(2) with nanoparticle and hierarchical flower-like structures are coating on the surface of sisal fiber carbon (SFC). The electrochemical behavior of the lithium ion battery using MoO sub(2)-MoSe sub(2)-SFC as electrode has been studied. The electrode exhibits a retention capacity of 494 mAh/g at the current density of 50 mA/g over 30 cycles, while a capacity of 258 mAh/g is obtained at the current density of 1 A/g. The roles of the MoO sub(2) and MoSe sub(2) in electrochemical behavior are discussed respectively.
Objective To study the optimal waist circumference （WC） cut-off values for identifying metabolic risk factors in middle-aged and elderly subjects in Shandong Province of China. Methods A total of 2 ...873 men and 5 559 women were included in this cross-sectional study. Metabolic syndrome （MetS） was diagnosed according to the definition of Chinese Diabetes Society in 2004. The relation between WC and MetS was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The optimal WC cut-off values were identified using the area under the ROC curve and the different diagnostic criteria for central obesity were compared. Results The WC was the risk factor for MetS independent of BMI, blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood pressure. The optimal WC cut-off value was 83.8 cm and 91.1 cm for identifying MetS in women and men, respectively. Compared with 80 cm and 85 cm for women and men, 85 cm and 90 cm had a higher Youden index for identifying all metabolic risk factors and MetS in women and men. Conclusion The appropriate WC cut-off value is 85 cm and 90 cm for identifying central obesity and MetS in women and men in Shandong Province of China.
The spherical-like and honeycomb structural Li
Ca
TiO
particles are prepared by spray drying combined with following calcination confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy ...(SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The poly (vinylidene fluoride-
-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP))-based composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) modified with the particles are fabricated by phase inversion and activation processes. The characterization results show that the as-prepared CPE membranes possess the smoothest surface and most abundant micropores with the lowest crystallinity with adding the particles into the polymer matrix, which results in high ionic conductivity (3.947 mS cm
) and lithium ion transference number (0.4962) at ambient temperature. The interfacial resistance can be quickly stabilized at 508 Ω after 5 days storage and the electrochemical working window is up to 5.2 V. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the membranes gains significant improvement without lowering the ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the assembled coin cell can also deliver high discharge specific capacity and preserve steady cycle performance at different current densities. Those outstanding properties may be ascribed to the distinctive structure of the tailored spherical-like and honeycomb structural Li
Ca
TiO
particles, which can guarantee the desirable CPEs as a new promising candidate for the polymer electrolyte.
Background Understanding the characteristics of Chinese dialysis patients and the current practice trends is the first step to evaluate the association between practice pattern and outcome in these ...populations. In the present study, we evaluated the status of medical treatment and characteristic features of chronic dialysis patients in China. Methods Through a clustering sampling, we selected 9 centers from the largest dialysis facilities in 6 cities around China. All adult undergoing dialysis in the selected units were screened. A total of 2388 （1775 on hemodialysis （HD） and 613 on peritoneal dialysis （PD）） patients were finally enrolled. All data were collected at enrollment on the bases of review of medical records. Results In this cohort, 1313 （55.0%） were male. The mean age was 54 years old. The median time for dialysis was 26 months （12-51 months）. Seventy-five percent of patients were on HD and 25.0% on PD. Among PD patients, about 21% patients did not receive dialysis adequacy. For HD patients, about 14.0% of them did not achieve dialysis adequacy when the target of kt/V was set as 1.2. Only 44.7% of patients achieved blood pressure target of 140/90 mmHg. About 60% of patients did not reach the hemoglobin target of 110 g/L even though 85.0% of them were treated with erythropoietin. In addition, 48.5% of the patients had uncontrolled mineral metabolism revealed by the high calcium-phosphate product. Compared with HD patients, higher level of serum glucose, triglyceride, and total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were more common in PD patients. Conclusions This observational study suggests that many Chinese dialysis patients did not achieve the therapeutic target, particularly in blood pressure control, anemia correction, and mineral balance. PD patients were more likely to suffer metabolic disturbance.
Strapdown three-axis magnetometer is becoming increasingly used in navigation systems and in biomedical applications. A calibration must be performed before the magnetometer can be used, because its ...outputs are often corrupted by various magnetic field sources. This paper presents a new calibration algorithm based on constrained total least squares (CTLS) to determine different calibration parameters such as sensor non-orthogonality, scale factors, offsets, hard iron and soft iron errors. The basic idea is to convert the calibration problem into an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem. An iterative technique based on Newton’s method is applied to give a numerical solution. Simulation results show that the proposed CTLS algorithm gives more accurate solutions than compared algorithms.
Background Population based epidemiologic study on the main diseases and birth status of liveborn neonates remains scarce in China, especially in rural areas where a large number of neonates are ...born. The aim of this study was to establish an epidemiological basis of live births in Julu County, a representative of the northern and mid-western parts of China in terms of demography, disease pattern and women and children＇s health care infrastructure.Methods The perinatal data of all live births were prospectively collected in three participating county-level hospitals from September 1, 2007 to August 30, 2008.Results There were 5822 live births in these hospitals. Among all live births, 53.7% were male and 4.5% were bornprematurely. Mean （SD） birth weight （BW） was （3348±503） g. The low （〈2500 g） and very low BW （〈1500 g） infants accounted for 3.8% and 0.5% of the total births, with 6.5% as small for gestational age and 2.8% as multi-births.Cesarean section rate was 30.2%, of which 68.6% were elective. There were 745 infants （12.8% of the live births）admitted to local neonatal wards within 7 days of postnatal life, in which 48.3% and 19.3% were due to perinatal asphyxia and prematurity, respectively. The incidences of perinatal aspiration syndrome, transient tachypnea and respiratory distress syndrome were 4.9%, 0.6% and 0.5%, respectively. Neonatal mortality was 7.6%. （44/5822）, with 16 in delivery room and 28 in neonatal ward before discharge.Conclusions This study provided a population-based perinatal data of live births and neonatal mortality in a northern China county with limited resources. Neonatal disorders related to perinatal asphyxia remain a serious clinical problem,which calls for sustained education of advanced neonatal resuscitation and improvement in the quality of perinatal-neonatal care.
A method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to determine global DNA methylation level in biological samples. DNA was ...extracted from biological samples and digested by three enzymes into single nucleotides. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of 2'-deoxycytidine and 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine respectively, so as to calculate the global DNA methylation ratios. The developed method was further used to explore the global DNA methylation level in normal human liver cell L-02 exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and plasma samples from 10 hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 10 control cases. This approach has high sensitivity and stability, and is easy to operate, enabling us to analyze the global DNA methylation level in various biological samples, especially those valuable samples (such as serum, plasma etc.) with extremely low concentration of DNA.
