UiO-66-NH
2
was functionalized with an ionic polymer poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) through a post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy. Due to the excellent dispersibility ...in water and the existence of abundant active binding sites, the obtained UiO-66-PAMPS shows significantly improved adsorption capability toward methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution.
UiO-66-NH
2
is functionalized with an ionic polymer through a post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy for efficient adsorptive removal of methylene blue from water.
The lack of sufficient active binding sites in commonly reported sodium alginate (SA)-based porous beads hampers their performances in adsorption of water contaminants. To address this problem, ...porous SA-SiO2 beads functionalized with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) are reported in this work. Due to the porous properties and the existence of abundant sulfonate groups, the obtained composite material SA-SiO2-PAMPS shows excellent adsorption capacity toward cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies reveal that the adsorption process fits closely to pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively, suggesting the existence of chemical adsorption and monolayer adsorption behavior. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir model is found to be 427.36, 495.05, and 564.97 mg/g under 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate that MB adsorption on SA-SiO2-PAMPS is spontaneous and endothermic.
•SiO2 was composited with sodium alginate (SA) to generate porous beads with abundant micro- and meso-pores.•SA-SiO2 beads were functionalized with PAMPS to install active binding sites for adsorption applications.
Garlic, an economically important vegetable, spice, and medicinal crop, produces highly enlarged bulbs and unique organosulfur compounds. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for ...garlic, with a total size of approximately 16.24 Gb, as well as the annotation of 57 561 predicted protein-coding genes, making garlic the first Allium species with a sequenced genome. Analysis of this garlic genome assembly reveals a recent burst of transposable elements, explaining the substantial expansion of the garlic genome. We examined the evolution of certain genes associated with the biosynthesis of allicin and inulin neoseries-type fructans, and provided new insights into the biosynthesis of these two compounds. Furthermore, a large-scale transcriptome was produced to characterize the expression patterns of garlic genes in different tissues and at various growth stages of enlarged bulbs. The reference genome and large-scale transcriptome data generated in this study provide valuable new resources for research on garlic biology and breeding.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of garlic was constructed de novo in this study, providing new insights into genome evolution and allicin biosynthesis. The garlic assembly, along with large-scale transcriptome data, alsoprovides valuable resources for garlic research and breeding.
Pearl millet is an important cereal crop worldwide and shows superior heat tolerance. Here, we developed a graph-based pan-genome by assembling ten chromosomal genomes with one existing assembly ...adapted to different climates worldwide and captured 424,085 genomic structural variations (SVs). Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed the expansion of the RWP-RK transcription factor family and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes in heat tolerance. The overexpression of one RWP-RK gene led to enhanced plant heat tolerance and transactivated ER-related genes quickly, supporting the important roles of RWP-RK transcription factors and ER system in heat tolerance. Furthermore, we found that some SVs affected the gene expression associated with heat tolerance and SVs surrounding ER-related genes shaped adaptation to heat tolerance during domestication in the population. Our study provides a comprehensive genomic resource revealing insights into heat tolerance and laying a foundation for generating more robust crops under the changing climate.
We report the sequencing at 131× coverage, de novo assembly and analyses of the genome of a female Tibetan wild boar. We also resequenced the whole genomes of 30 Tibetan wild boars from six major ...distributed locations and 18 geographically related pigs in China. We characterized genetic diversity, population structure and patterns of evolution. We searched for genomic regions under selection, which includes genes that are involved in hypoxia, olfaction, energy metabolism and drug response. Comparing the genome of Tibetan wild boar with those of neighboring Chinese domestic pigs further showed the impact of thousands of years of artificial selection and different signatures of selection in wild boar and domestic pig. We also report genetic adaptations in Tibetan wild boar that are associated with high altitudes and characterize the genetic basis of increased salivation in domestic pig.
Abstract
Obligate scavenging on the dead and decaying animal matter is a rare dietary specialization that in extant vertebrates is restricted to vultures. These birds perform essential ecological ...services, yet many vulture species have undergone recent steep population declines and are now endangered. To test for molecular adaptations underlying obligate scavenging in vultures, and to assess whether genomic features might have contributed to their population declines, we generated high-quality genomes of the Himalayan and bearded vultures, representing both independent origins of scavenging within the Accipitridae, alongside a sister taxon, the upland buzzard. By comparing our data to published sequences from other birds, we show that the evolution of obligate scavenging in vultures has been accompanied by widespread positive selection acting on genes underlying gastric acid production, and immunity. Moreover, we find evidence of parallel molecular evolution, with amino acid replacements shared among divergent lineages of these scavengers. Our genome-wide screens also reveal that both the Himalayan and bearded vultures exhibit low levels of genetic diversity, equating to around a half of the mean genetic diversity of other bird genomes examined. However, demographic reconstructions indicate that population declines began at around the Last Glacial Maximum, predating the well-documented dramatic declines of the past three decades. Taken together, our genomic analyses imply that vultures harbor unique adaptations for processing carrion, but that modern populations are genetically depauperate and thus especially vulnerable to further genetic erosion through anthropogenic activities.
Aims: We aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for treating VX2 vertebral metastases with ...posterior margin destruction in a rabbit model.
Materials and Methods: Sixty rabbit models of VX2 vertebral metastases with posterior margin destruction were constructed through computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous puncture and randomly divided into four groups of 15 rabbits each: Groups A, RFA+PVP; B, PVP; C, RFA; and D, control. Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed within 24 h of the procedure. Pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of a biomembrane barrier at the tumor edge; furthermore, bone cement leakage into the spinal canal was observed. The survival time of the remaining rabbits per group was observed, and the differences were analyzed.
Results: CT scans of Group A and C rabbits revealed a low-density band around the tumor ablation region. Bone cement leakage rate significantly differed between Groups A and B (20% vs. 100%; P < 0.05). The average postoperative survival times of Group A, B, C, and D rabbits were 16.72 ± 0.93, 7.26 ± 0.75, 7.80 ± 1.30, and 3.84 ± 1.24 days, respectively, showing a significant difference between Group A and the remaining groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The biomembrane barrier formed at the tumor edge after RFA can prevent bone cement leakage into the spinal canal, reducing spinal cord injury and prolonging the survival time.
Contemporary applications and cloud workloads often comprise multiple Deep Neural Network (Multi-DNN) models. These models exhibit significant variations in computation, memory, and communication ...characteristics. For such heterogeneous workloads, a static and rigid hardware accelerator can no longer provide efficient and high-performance execution. To this end, we propose a versatile accelerator, called Polyform, to support the concurrent execution of different DNN models with the goal of improving energy and performance efficiency. Specifically, Polyform features two unique designs from both hardware and scheduling standpoints. On the hardware level, we have designed a flexible interconnection network that facilitates the formation of multiple sub-accelerators. Our design allows for spatial resource partitioning, including bandwidth and computation, while also providing effective communication support for various parallelism choices. On the scheduling level, Polyform employs a novel two-stage Genetic Algorithm (GA) to explore and identify the optimal configurations such as task orders, partition size, dataflow styles (e.g., weight or output stationary), and bandwidth. Our simulation shows that Polyform achieves remarkable results compared to prior work, including up to 77.8% energy reduction and a 2.79× improvement in throughput as compared to prior work 1-3.
Porous poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) sponges have received rapid development in the materials science and energy fields due to their good biocompatibility and degradability. Herein, hierarchical ...micro‐/nano‐structures of PLLA sponges are successfully prepared by the microphase separation method to investigate the influence of non‐solvents on PLLA microtopography. The interaction ability between PLLA and various alcohol non‐solvents is precisely calculated by using the Flory–Huggins equation. SEM results show that the porosity of PLLA surfaces increases with increasing non‐solvent solubility parameters at a certain range. When the solubility parameters of alcohol non‐solvents are much higher than that of PLLA, PLLA bulks accumulate on the surfaces, mainly caused by its insolubility. DSC curves disclose that the crystallinity has a positive relationship with contents and solubility parameters of alcohol non‐solvents. Furthermore, these porous PLLA surfaces show strong water repellency and self‐cleaning ability so that the contaminant can be quickly cleared away from the PLLA surfaces. This study provides a new insight into understanding the formation process of PLLA porous materials and the wetting variation for high‐efficiency self‐cleaning.
Hierarchical micro‐/nano‐structures are successfully prepared by a microphase separation method to investigate the influence of various alcohols on PLLA micro‐topography by precisely adjusting the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter. The roughness of porous PLLA surfaces improves high contact angle but lowers the sliding angle, and even shows strong pollution‐resistant abilities.
The ground tit (Parus humilis) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. It is a member of family Paridae but it was long thought to be related to the ground jays because of their morphological ...similarities. Here we present the ground tit's genome and re-sequence two tits and one ground jay, to clarify this controversially taxonomic status and uncover its genetic adaptations to the Tibetan plateau. Our results show that ground tit groups with two tits and it diverges from them between 7.7 and 9.9 Mya. Compared with other avian genomes, ground tit shows expansion in genes linked to energy metabolism and contractions in genes involved in immune and olfactory perception. We also found positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in hypoxia response and skeletal development. These results indicated that ground tit evolves basic strategies and 'tit-to-jay' change for coping with the life in an extreme environment.
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