•The multi-fold binary Darboux transformation for a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system are presented.•We derive three new types of exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions.•Interaction ...mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in the six cases.
The Bose-Einstein-condensation applications give rise to the superfluidity in the liquid helium and superconductivity in the metals. In this paper, we work on a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system, which describes the matter waves in an spin-1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. We construct a multi-fold binary Darboux transformation with the zero seed solutions to describe the three vertical spin projection of the spin-1 spinor BEC, which is different from all the existing Darboux-type ones for the same system, and derive three types of the exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions associated with two conjugate complex eigenvalues. For such mixed solitons, we give their asymptotic expressions, indicating that they consist of the Ieda-Miyakawa-Wadati (IMW)-polar-state or IMW-ferromagnetic solitons but possess the time-dependent velocities. Asymptotically and graphically, interaction mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in six cases, and we exhibit the inelastic and elastic interactions through calculating the modifications of the polarization matrices and phase shifts for the two interacting solitons. We find that both the IMW-polar-state solitons, including the mixed and exponential solitons, can not alter the other soliton’s intensity distribution during the interaction, while the mixed or exponential soliton in the IMW-ferromagnetic state does.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are an emerging contaminant widely distributed in the soil. OPEs have drawn increasing attention for their biological toxicity and possible threat to human health. This ...research investigated the pollution characteristics of two typical OPEs, organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) and organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs), in soils of 104 urban parks in Beijing. The median concentrations of Σ11tri-OPEs and Σ8di-OPEs were 157 and 17.9 ng/g dw, respectively. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate were the dominant tri-OPE and di-OPE, respectively. Consumer materials (such as building insulation and decorative materials), traffic emissions, and reclaimed water irrigation may be critical sources of tri-OPEs in urban park soils. Di-OPEs mainly originated from the degradation of parent compounds and industrial applications. Machine learning models were employed to determine the influencing factors of OPEs and predict changes in their concentrations. The predicted OPEs concentrations in Beijing urban park soils in 2025 and 2030 are three times and five times those in 2018, respectively. According to probabilistic health risk assessment, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPEs can be negligible for children and adults. Our results could inform measures for preventing and controlling OPEs pollution in urban park soils.
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•Eight di-OPEs were firstly detected in the soil samples.•TCIPP was the dominant tri-OPE in Beijing urban park soils.•OPE concentrations in Beijing urban park soils will increase obviously.•Probabilistic risk assessments indicated that health risks can be ignored.
AIMS: To assess strains of lactobacilli for their capacity to produce functional fatty acid‐conjugated linoleic acid. To assess the linoleate isomerase for CLA production in the most efficient CLA ...producer. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, strains of food‐derived lactobacilli were cultured in media with linoleic acid and CLA production was assessed. Most of the selected strains produced CLA at different levels, with Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 being the most efficient CLA producer converting over 50% of linoleic acid to c9, t11‐CLA and t9, t11‐CLA. Some intermediates 10‐hydroxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid, 10‐oxo‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid and 10‐oxo‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid were determined via GC‐MS. The genes coding the multicomponent linoleate isomerase containing myosin‐cross‐reactive antigen, short‐chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase and acetoacetate decarboxylase for CLA production in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. With the mixture of recombinant E. coli, c9, t11‐CLA and three kinds of intermediates were produced from linoleic acid, which were in line with those in the lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS: The ability for CLA production by lactobacilli exhibited variation. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lact. bulgaricus were the most efficient producers in the selected strains. Lact. plantarum ZS2058 converted linoleic acid to CLAs with 10‐hydroxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid, 10‐oxo‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid and 10‐oxo‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid as intermediates. The multiple‐step reactions for CLA production catalysed by multicomponent linoleate isomerase in Lact. plantarum ZS2058 were confirmed successfully. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Multicomponent linoleate isomerase provides important results for the illustration of the mechanism for CLA production in lactic acid bacteria. Food‐derived lactobacilli with CLA production ability offers novel opportunities for functional foods development.
Glass forming ability (GFA) is critically important for large-scale applications of bulk metallic glasses with maximized functionalities at low costs in materials and processing. Traditionally, ...excellent glass formers usually have compositions in eutectic regions where liquid phases have high stability and low liquid temperatures while GFA of off-eutectic alloys is largely limited by primary crystallization. In this study we reported that the GFA of Ni-based off-eutectic alloys can be dramatically improved by manipulating the primary crystallization reaction through minor alloying. As a result, a novel Ni60Pd20P14Si2B4 metallic glass with excellent GFA is developed by substituting P in Ni60Pd20P20 using 2 at.% Si and 4 at.% B. The minor alloying leads to the transition of the primary crystallization from a tetragonal (Ni, Pd)3P phase to a chemically modulated complex monoclinic phase. The enhanced GFA results in the largest achievable processing diameter (25 mm) of Ni-based bulk metallic glasses, which is more than four times larger than that of Ni60Pd20P20. The complex crystal structure of the primary crystalline phase with chemical modulation and a large unit cell leads to slow crystal growth, and hence the improved stability of supercooled liquid for better GFA.
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Bioavailability has become a critical factor in improving ecological risk assessment and environmental remediation efficiency in contaminated soil research. However, the soil environmental quality ...standards and risk assessment procedures used in most countries are still based on the total amount of pollutants for lacking sufficient understanding of the exposure pathways and action mechanisms of pollutants. we collected relevant literature from the Web of Science database, spanning the period from 1950 to 2021 by using Citespace to analyze the scientific development of bioavailability. As of January 09, 2022, the database contained 118,813 publications on bioavailability. The review summarizes the progress in bioavailability research and emerging trends, including exploring advanced analytical techniques, advancing modeling approaches, and integrating interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the fate and behavior of pollutants in complex environmental matrices. In particular, the review emphasizes the need for better integration of bioavailability concepts into soil environmental reference, risk assessment procedures, and environmental remediation strategies. Overall, this review emphasized the necessity of incorporating the concept of bioavailability into soil environmental reference, risk assessment procedures, and environmental remediation strategies.
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•50-year systematic study on soil bioavailability, using scientific metrology, informs 118,813 publication database trends.•Tech advancements enhance bioavailability assessments, which comprehend interindividual variability & environmental factors.•Personalized medicine impacts tailored bioavailability assessments. Involves specific biomarkers for individual analysis.•Bioavailability research extends beyond drugs to food and nutrition. Comprehending it in thus areas can impact public health.•Interdisciplinary collaboration advances bioavailability research techniques to understand complex environmental pollutants.
•TiMCs with better tribological property was fabricated by modification powders technology.•GONs-3Cu/TC4 composites shows the lowest COF (0.120) and wear volume loss (0.155 mm3).•Improvements mainly ...derive from hardness strengthening effects by Ti-Cu intermetallics and TiC@GONs.
Titanium alloys have been applied for many lightweight structural components in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and biomedical implants owing to their light-weight, good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, poor tribological performance often restricts their wide-range applications. In this study, we synthesized Cu modified Ti-6Al-4 V (TC4) powders with various Cu contents (0, 1, 3, 5, 10 wt%), which was further strengthened with 0.3 wt% graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) using a powder metallurgy technology. These composite powders were then synthesized into titanium matrix composites using spark plasma sintering. Effects of Cu contents on microstructure evolution, phase composition and tribological properties of Ti matrix composites were systematically investigated. The synthesized composites were consisted of α-Ti, β-Ti, Ti2Cu, in-situ-formed TiC and remained GONs, and showed better tribological properties than those of TC4 alloy. The average coefficient of friction was reduced from 0.168 to a minimum value of 0.120 as the copper content increased from 0 to 3 wt%, meanwhile the wear volume loss was reduced by 49.3%. Whereas further increasing Cu contents resulted in the increases of both coefficients of friction and wear volume loss. These improvements are mainly attributed to the hardness strengthening effects by Ti-Cu intermetallics and TiC@GONs structure, as well as the self-lubricating effect of GONs. Compared with traditional surface modification processes, the new method proposed in this work is cost-effective and promising for improving the tribological performance of titanium alloys in industry applications.
Thermoelectric effects are more sensitive and promising probes to topological properties of emergent materials, but much less addressed compared to other physical properties. We study the ...thermoelectric effects of ZrTe5 in a magnetic field. The presence of the nontrivial electrons leads to the anomalous Nernst effect and quasilinear field dependence of thermopower below the quantum limit. In the strong-field quantum limit, both the thermopower and Nernst signal exhibit exotic peaks. At higher magnetic fields, the Nernst signal has a sign reversal at a critical field where the thermopower approaches zero. We propose that these anomalous behaviors can be attributed to the gap closing of the zeroth Landau bands in topological materials with the band inversion. Our understanding to the anomalous thermoelectric properties in ZrTe5 opens a new avenue for exploring Dirac physics in topological materials.
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom management in the early period after lung cancer surgery.
Before surgery, patients with clinically ...diagnosed lung cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive postoperative PRO-based symptom management or usual care. All patients reported symptoms on MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer presurgery, daily postsurgery, and twice a week after discharge for up to 4 weeks via an electronic PRO system. In the intervention group, treating surgeons responded to overthreshold electronic alerts driven by any of the five target symptom scores (score ≥ 4 on a 0-10 scale for pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, shortness of breath, and coughing). The control group patients received usual care and no alerts were generated. The primary outcome was the number of symptom threshold events (any target symptom with a score of ≥ 4) at discharge. Per-protocol analyses were conducted.
Of the 166 participants, 83 were randomly allocated to each group. At discharge, the intervention group reported fewer symptom threshold events than the control group (median interquartile range, 0 0-2
2 0-3;
= .007). At 4 weeks postdischarge, this difference was maintained between the intervention and control groups (median interquartile range, 0 0-0
0 0-1;
= .018). The intervention group had a lower complication rate than the control group (21.5%
40.6%;
= .019). Surgeons spent a median of 3 minutes managing an alert.
PRO-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery showed lower symptom burden and fewer complications than usual care for up to 4 weeks postdischarge.
Super metal-rich stars with Fe/H > 0.4 are selected from LAMOST DR6, and two groups, the blue and the red, are found in the Teff versus logg diagram with a temperature gap between them. In ...combination with Gaia DR2, stellar positions, velocities, and orbits are calculated, and spatial distributions, kinematical properties, and orbital parameters are compared between the two groups. The blue group shows mainly thin-disk kinematics and spans a wide R range of 6-12 kpc, while the red group has both the thin-disk and the thick-disk kinematics with a narrower range of R = 6-10 kpc. The kinematical and orbital parameters of stars in the blue group indicate that they could belong to the young population with age less than 1 Gyr, rather than blue stragglers of the old population. The orbital parameters, Rp, Ra, and Rg, of the red group with the thick-disk kinematics are smaller than those with the thin-disk kinematics. The distributions of birth radius and migration distance indicate that radial migration is a favorable origin for the red group, especially those with the thick-disk kinematics, but not for the blue group. The relative magnitude of radial migration is of 51% for the whole sample and of 64% for the red group only. The corotation radial migration caused by the bars and spiral arms at resonances is the most likely mechanism for explaining these properties of SMR stars in this work.
This study presents a comprehensive field investigation of the ground response of a gateroad subjected to high stress induced by extracting a 17 m-thick coal seam. The test site is located at Datong ...City, Shanxi Province, China. The measurement results of the entry convergence and fracture development indicated that the gateroad with a 30 m-wide coal pillar maintained a good performance during the development period but suffered a strong response, including roof sag, floor heave, support unit failure and internal fractures sharply developed during the current panel-retreating period. During panel retreating, the impact range of the mining disturbance was about 110 m ahead of the active panel, and the mining disturbance accelerated dramatically at 50–60 m ahead of the mining panel. The results of the borehole stress measurement showed that the maximum stress induced in the virgin coal pillar and the coal pillar reached 15.3 MPa and 23.9 MPa, which are about 1.5 and 2.3 times the initial ground stress, respectively. This high stress contributed significantly to the instability of the gateroad. The average stress within the coal pillar was greater than that in the virgin coal pillar, and a high-stress zone was found at the coal pillar depth of 11–20 m. This stress distribution characteristics implies that the 30 m-wide coal pillar has a relatively sufficient bearing capacity to withstand the majority of mining-induced loads and that the coal pillar size could be reduced from 30 to 15–20 m wide to decrease the range of high stress in the coal pillar. Furthermore, taking into consideration of intense mining disturbance and abundant time interval for gateroad development as well as a high-strength support scheme, a small-width coal pillar of 8 m was recommended and tentatively applied in the field. The field application demonstrated that the newly designed pillar size and support pattern could ensure gateroad stability at some level. The study finding can help to better understand the stability control of entry driven along gob-side and its correlation with coal pillar size as well as the mining disturbance in specially thick coal seam (ETCS). In addition, the design principle and support strategy for the coal pillar in ETCS presented in this study can potentially be applied to other similar projects.
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