Elevating the hypotropic globe Lee, J. P.; Collin, J. R.; Timms, C.
British journal of ophthalmology,
01/1986, Letnik:
70, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Twelve consecutive cases are reviewed of unilateral hypotropia due to various causes. In most of them the presenting complaint was of ipsilateral blepharoptosis. Some patients had undergone previous ...ineffective surgery. The surgical techniques employed and the results obtained are discussed, with emphasis on the necessity to test for inferior rectus restriction. Some interesting sensory results are also noted.
Potassium superoxide was found to initiale autoxidations of fluorene, diphenylmethane, and distyrylmethane. In each case the oxidation results in the formation of ketones as primary products. ...Kinetics of the fluorene and diphenylmethane oxidations showed typical sigmoidal autoxidation rate profiles. External hydroperoxides did not affect the rates of these reactions, however, these were efficiently transformed to ketones in the presence of
. A mechanism for these autoxidations is proposed.
In order to examine the relevance of early immune activation to the long-term course of HIV infection, we evaluated the ability of the serum beta 2-microglobulin level measured in 63 haemophiliacs on ...average 4.9 months from HIV seroconversion to predict the rate of development of server immunodeficiency (CD4) lymphocyte count 50/mm3) or AIDS over the following 10 years. Patients with higher beta 2-microglobulin values tended to develop severe immunodeficiency/AIDS more rapidly than those with lower levels (relative risk 1.68 per 1 mg/L increase; 95% CI 1.26-2.26; p = 0.0004). Older patients also progressed more rapidly, and these two factors acted independently (relative risk 1.65 per 1 mg/L increase; 95% CI 1.21-2.72; p = 0.002 for beta 2-microglobulin and 1.22 per 10 years; 95% CI 1.01-1.48; p = 0.04 for age). These results provide further evidence that the long-term course of HIV infection can, to some extent, be predicted soon after infection. Older patients with high beta 2-microglobulin levels warrant close monitoring and consideration for early antiretroviral therapy.
In order to examine the relevance of early immune activation to the long-term course of HIV infection, we evaluated the ability of the serum beta sub(2)-microglobulin level measured in 63 ...haemophiliacs on average 4.9 months from HIV seroconversion to predict the rate of development of severe immunodeficiency (CD4 lymphocyte count <50 /mm super(3)) or AIDS over the following 10 years. Patients with higher beta sub(2)-microglobulin values tended to develop severe immunodeficiency/AIDS more rapidly than those with lower levels (relative risk 1.68 per 1 mg/L increase; 95% CI 1.26-2.26; p = 0.0004). Older patients also progressed more rapidly, and these two factors acted independently (relative risk 1.65 per 1 mg/L increase; 95% CI 1.21-2.72; p = 0.002 for beta sub(2)-microglobulin and 1.22 per 10 years; 95% CI 1.01-1.48; p = 0.04 for age). These results provide further evidence that the long-term course of HIV infection can, to some extent, be predicted soon after infection. Older patients with high beta sub(2)-microglobulin levels warrant close monitoring and consideration for early antiretroviral therapy.
We investigated the relationship between three prognostic markers, CD4 lymphocyte count, serum beta sub(2)-microglobulin ( beta sub(2)M) levels, and CD8 super(+),CD38 super(+) lymphocyte percent, and ...the association with the rate of development of AIDS. The markers were measured regularly throughout follow-up in 224 patients. The risk of developing AIDS during follow-up was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. Time-updated values of the prognostic markers were used, which modelled the risk of AIDS according to the latest measurement of the marker rather than using a single value of the marker at baseline. During a median follow-up period of 13.6 months (range 0.5-31.9 months), 34 cases of AIDS occurred. In a univariate analysis, all three markers predicted the development of AIDS; a 10% increase in the percentage of CD8 super(+) T cells expressing CD38 super(+) resulted in an 88% increase in the risk of AIDS (95% confidence interval: 53-130%; p < 0.0001). After adjustment for the current CD4 count and beta sub(2)M, a 10% increase in the CD8 super(+),CD38 super(+) population was associated with a 37% increase in the risk of AIDS (95% confidence interval: 4-81%; p = 0.02). Thus, the percentage CD8 super(+),CD38 super(+) level predicts the development of AIDS independently of the latest CD4 count and beta sub(2)M. This assay is therefore potentially useful in conjunction with blood CD4 counts and serum beta sub(2)M levels in patient management and clinical trial design.
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