An ionic transition-metal complex for improved charge transporting properties was designed, containing both n-type dimesitylboryl (BMes2) and p-type carbazole groups. The complex, ...Ir(Bpq)2(CzbpyCz)PF6 (1) (Bpq = 2-4-(dimesitylboryl)phenyl quinoline, CzbpyCz = 5,5prime or minute-bis(9-hexyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-2,2prime or minute-bipyridine) and its equivalent in which the BMes2 groups were substituted with carbazole moieties were evaluated on the photoluminescence and excited state properties in detail. According to the photophysical and electrochemical properties, we concluded that the BMes2 groups can increase the conjugation length of the cyclometalated C perpendicular ligands and greatly enhance the phosphorescence efficiency over the carbazole groups. In addition, the bulky BMes2 groups are effective in preventing the molecular aggregation in film. Both complexes were used to prepare single component light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The electroluminescent devices show the typical behavior of LECs. The LEC based on the complex containing both electron- and hole-transporting groups shows the best performance. This work demonstrated that the design and synthesis of p-n metallophosphors will be beneficial for the improvement of device performances.
We conducted a three-stage genetic study to identify susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. The first stage meta-analysis of eight T2D genome-wide association ...studies (6,952 cases and 11,865 controls) was followed by a second stage
in silico
replication analysis (5,843 cases and 4,574 controls) and a stage 3
de novo
replication analysis (12,284 cases and 13,172 controls). The combined analysis identified eight new T2D loci reaching genome-wide significance, which were mapped in or near
GLIS3
,
PEPD
,
FITM2-R3HDML-HNF4A
,
KCNK16
,
MAEA
,
GCC1-PAX4
,
PSMD6
and
ZFAND3. GLIS3
, involved in pancreatic beta cell development and insulin gene expression
1
,
2
, is known for its association with fasting glucose levels
3
,
4
. The evidence of T2D association for
PEPD
5
and
HNF4A
6
,
7
has been detected in previous studies.
KCNK16
may regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. These findings derived from East Asians provide new perspectives on the etiology of T2D.
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