Currently, one of the most common causes of death worldwide is cancer. The development of innovative methods to support the early and accurate detection of cancers is required to increase the ...recovery rate of patients. Several studies have shown that medical Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) combined with artificial intelligence algorithms is a powerful tool for cancer detection. Various preprocessing methods are commonly applied to hyperspectral data to improve the performance of the algorithms. However, there is currently no standard for these methods, and no studies have compared them so far in the medical field. In this work, we evaluated different combinations of preprocessing steps, including spatial and spectral smoothing, Min-Max scaling, Standard Normal Variate normalization, and a median spatial smoothing technique, with the goal of improving tumor detection in three different HSI databases concerning colorectal, esophagogastric, and brain cancers. Two machine learning and deep learning models were used to perform the pixel-wise classification. The results showed that the choice of preprocessing method affects the performance of tumor identification. The method that showed slightly better results with respect to identifing colorectal tumors was Median Filter preprocessing (0.94 of area under the curve). On the other hand, esophagogastric and brain tumors were more accurately identified using Min-Max scaling preprocessing (0.93 and 0.92 of area under the curve, respectively). However, it is observed that the Median Filter method smooths sharp spectral features, resulting in high variability in the classification performance. Therefore, based on these results, obtained with different databases acquired by different HSI instrumentation, the most relevant preprocessing technique identified in this work is Min-Max scaling.
Recent studies have shown that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with neural networks can detect colorectal cancer. Usually, different pre-processing techniques (e.g., wavelength selection and ...scaling, smoothing, denoising) are analyzed in detail to achieve a well-trained network. The impact of post-processing was studied less.
We tested the following methods: (1) Two pre-processing techniques (Standardization and Normalization), with (2) Two 3D-CNN models: Inception-based and RemoteSensing (RS)-based, with (3) Two post-processing algorithms based on median filter: one applies a median filter to a raw predictions map, the other applies the filter to the predictions map after adopting a discrimination threshold. These approaches were evaluated on a dataset that contains ex vivo hyperspectral (HS) colorectal cancer records of 56 patients.
(1) Inception-based models perform better than RS-based, with the best results being 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity; (2) Inception-based models perform better with Normalization, RS-based with Standardization; (3) Our outcomes show that the post-processing step improves sensitivity and specificity by 6.6% in total. It was also found that both post-processing algorithms have the same effect, and this behavior was explained.
HSI combined with tissue classification algorithms is a promising diagnostic approach whose performance can be additionally improved by the application of the right combination of pre- and post-processing.
We present a by-product of our long term photometric monitoring of cataclysmic variables. 2MASS J18024395 +4003309 = VSX J180243.9 +400331 was discovered in the field of the intermediate polar V1323 ...Her observed using the Korean 1-m telescope located at Mt. Lemmon, USA. An analysis of the two-color VR CCD observations of this variable covers all the phase intervals for the first time. The light curves show this object can be classified as an Algol-type variable with tidally distorted components, and an asymmetry of the maxima (the O’Connell effect). The periodogram analysis confirms the cycle numbering of Andronov et al. (2012) and for the initial approximation, the ephemeris is used as follows: Min I. BJD = 2456074.4904+0.3348837E . For phenomenological modeling, we used the trigonometric polynomial approximation of statistically optimal degree, and a recent method “NAV” (“New Algol Variable”) using local specific shapes for the eclipse. Methodological aspects and estimates of the physical parameters based on analysis of phenomenological parameters are presented. As results of our phenomenological model, we obtained for the inclination i=90°, M1=0.745M◉, M2=0.854M◉, M=M1+M2=1.599M◉, the orbital separation a=1.65·109m=2.37R◉ and relative radii r1=R1/a=0.314 and r2=R2/a=0.360. These estimates may be used as preliminary starting values for further modeling using extended physical models based on the Wilson & Devinney (1971) code and it's extensions
Collective monograph contains the results of scientific research devoted to some problems of continuous education. The proposed models and methods make it possible to form new views and proposals ...that can contribute to increasing the efficiency of the educational process. Chapter 1 highlights the results of a pedagogical experiment on the formation of organizational competence among future specialists in physical culture and sports of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The dynamics of the formation of organizational competence is determined and it is shown that the application of the obtained results makes it possible to find out the formation of value-motivational, knowledge, managerial, managerial, control-corrective and reflective-evaluative components of organizational competence of cadets. Chapter 2 focuses on the current problems of adult education in Ukraine and Sweden, which acquire special significance through the prism of the "value rearmament" of a person of the 21st century. The features of trends in adult education at the global and local levels are clarified, and the author's interactive intensive course is offered. Chapter 3 presents the development of innovative models of effectiveness for communication in a foreign language with an emphasis on lifelong learning and multiculturalism. Integration of "inverted classroom" models, models based on tasks of immersion in the concept of technology application for improving language learning is proposed. It is shown that the introduction of technologies in language learning can improve access to resources and increase the effectiveness of education. Chapter 4 is devoted to the management of professional development of professional staff of Ukrainian universities in the context of the expansion of institutional autonomy. The obtained results can be considered as part of the integration processes of higher education of Ukraine in the European educational space In Chapter 5, the means of developing individual and group receptivity to the new are disclosed. It is shown that corporate training through active methods, modern management models and technologies, coaching training technologies acquires special importance. The monograph is intended for educators, theoreticians and practitioners who study the problems of the continuous educational process in order to increase its effectiveness.
The system of artistic and aesthetic education with the help of various arts, elevation of rhythm and choreography in a bright pedagogical theory and practice was laid in the early 20's of the XX ...century. All the accumulated experience in this field contributed to the improvement of the content of choreographic training and led to the process of separating professional art education from amateur and the creation of appropriate educational institutions for children. Choreographic creativity is one of the means of comprehensive development of students studying at the school of arts. Performing cognitive and educational functions, choreographic art is inseparable from its aesthetic function: choreography lessons promote the development of visual, auditory and motor forms of sensory and emotional perception of the world. Students learn to convey the movements of the various nature of music, its dynamics, tempo, to change the movement in connection with the change of parts of a piece of music, to begin with the beginning of music. The success of artistic and aesthetic education of children by means of choreography is due to the synthesizing nature of choreography, which combines music, rhythm, dance, fine arts, theater and plastic movements. The educational program for the specialty «Choreography» (today) is designed for eight years of study. Choreographic training of students of the choreographic department includes the following profile disciplines: classical dance, folk-stage dance, modern pop dance, gymnastics. Elective disciplines can also be chosen: historical and everyday dance, concert number staging, sports and ballroom dancing, duet dance. Related subjects: drawing, music, art history. The basis of the content of teaching choreographic art, regardless of the type and genre of choreography, is the involvement of students in active motor activity, which by nature is divided into: executive, improvisational, creative development potential. Students have the opportunity to realize themselves in the creative laboratories of art schools - choreographic groups and ensembles.
The paper proposes a classification of cyber-attacks at the present stage of maritime transport development. A classification system for ship blocks and port infrastructure has been developed. The ...vulnerabilities of the global navigation satellite system are analyzed; this system is the most important subcategory of maritime vehicles and may be a target for cyber-attacks. The paper shows that the rapid spread of cybercrime occurs due to the rapid development of new technologies and their integration into ship and port infrastructures. The main elements of the maritime transport infrastructure are considered: port infrastructure and ship infrastructure. IoT and Big Data can be examples of the spread of such systems. The ship's IT infrastructure, ship's electromechanical and electronic systems, communication systems, automatic identification systems, ship information system are considered. In the port infrastructure, port security systems, port equipment systems, port communication systems are analyzed. The main types of cyber-attacks to which the ship and port parts of the industry are exposed are considered. The signs of attacks on the Internet of things systems on ships and in ports are considered. The trend towards greater system integration cannot be reversed for economic reasons. Such integration makes it possible to reduce the size of the team, build autonomous ships, work in the smart ports system, and makes it possible to save various resources (time, human, fuel and organizational). The paper considers the practical directions and challenges facing the industry in terms of improving the security of maritime transport in cyberspace.
У роботі запропоновано класифікацію кібератак на сучасному етапі розвитку морського транспорту. Розроблено систему класифікації суднових блоків та портової інфраструктури. Проаналізовано вразливість глобальної навігаційної супутникової системи (ГНСС), ця система є найважливішою підкатегорією морських транспортних засобів і може бути мішенню для кібернетичних атак. У роботі показано, що швидке поширення кіберзлочинів виникає у зв'язку зі швидким розвитком нових технологій та їх інтеграції до суднової та портової інфраструктури. Розглянуто основні елементи інфраструктури морського транспорту: портова інфраструктура та судова інфраструктура. Розглянуто ІТ інфраструктуру судна, електромеханічні та електронні системи судна, комунікаційні системи, системи автоматичної ідентифікації, корабельна інформаційна система. Розглянуто системи безпечного мореплавства, систему AIS, ECDIS системи супутникової навігації. У портовій інфраструктурі проаналізовано системи портової безпеки, системи портового обладнання, портові комунікаційні системи. Розглянуто основні види кібератак яким піддаються судова та портова частина галузі морських перевезень. До найнебезпечніших можуть бути віднесені: атаки соціальної інженерії, сканування портів, розподілені атаки на відмову в обслуговуванні, складні вірусні атаки. Особливо небезпечними є атаки на систему AIS та атаки на системи глобального супутникового позиціонування. Розглянуто ознаки атак на системи інтернету речей на кораблях та портах. Запропоновано систематизований підхід до роботи з кібернетичними ризиками. Встановлено, що тенденція до підвищення інтеграції систем не може бути змінена з економічних причин. Така інтеграція дає змогу зменшувати розмір команди, будувати автономні судна, працювати в системі розумних портів, дає можливість економити різні ресурси (часові, людські, паливні та організаційні). У роботі розглянуто практичні напрями та завдання, що стоять перед галуззю у плані підвищення безпеки морського транспорту в кіберпросторі.
We present a by-product of our long term photometric monitoring of cataclysmic variables. 2MASS J18024395 +4003309 = VSX J180243.9 +400331 was discovered in the field of the intermediate polar V1323 ...Her observed using the Korean 1-m telescope located at Mt. Lemmon, USA. An analysis of the two-color VR CCD observations of this variable covers all the phase intervals for the first time. The light curves show this object can be classified as an Algol-type variable with tidally distorted components, and an asymmetry of the maxima (the O'Connell effect). The periodogram analysis confirms the cycle numbering of Andronov et al. (2012) and for the initial approximation, the ephemeris is used as follows: Min I. BJD = 2456074.4904+0.3348837E. For phenomenological modeling, we used the trigonometric polynomial approximation of statistically optimal degree, and a recent method "NAV" ("New Algol Variable") using local specific shapes for the eclipse. Methodological aspects and estimates of the physical parameters based on analysis of phenomenological parameters are presented. As results of our phenomenological model, we obtained for the inclination $i=90^{\circ}$, $M_1=0.745M_{\odot}$, $M_2=0.854M_{\odot}$, $M=M_1+M_2=1.599M_{\odot}$, the orbital separation $a=1.65{\cdot}10^9m=2.37R_{\odot}$ and relative radii $r_1=R_1/a=0.314$ and $r_2=R_2/a=0.360$. These estimates may be used as preliminary starting values for further modeling using extended physical models based on the Wilson & Devinney (1971) code and it's extensions
The dependence of the test function on the phenomenological parameters used in the "NAV" ("New Algol Variable") algorithm (Andronov, 2012Ap...55..536A) is studied. Due to a presence of local minima, ...the method of minimization contains two steps: the "brute force" minimization at a grid in the 4D parameter space, and further iterations using the differential corrections. This method represents an effective approximation of the light curve using the special pattern (shape) separately for the primary and secondary minima. The application of the method to concrete stars is briefly reviewed.
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