A rapidly-changing nation and a key player in the Middle East, Turkey has long been centrally important to both the United States and the European Union. A major partner both of the EU and Turkey, ...the US has also been the most ardent and committed supporter of closer ties between them. Yet while Turkey's relations with the US and the EU have been intimately linked, they have not proceeded along two parallel planes. Nathalie Tocci tells the story of this dynamic triangular relationship, exploring how and why the US has shaped the course of relations among its allies. An empirical study with strong policy relevance, this volume draws on in-depth interviews and official documents to provide a succinct overview of the issues and stakeholders. Tocci argues that the Turkish situation can be viewed as a quintessential case study, tackling broader questions about US foreign policy in the region as a whole.
The idea of resilience in EU academia and practice predates the EU Global Strategy. But it is with the 2016 EUGS that resilience was elevated into one of the five guiding principles for the EU's role ...in the world. This article recounts the origins of the concept in the context of European foreign policy. Resilience reflected the implicit goal of the EUGS to foster a more joined-up approach to European foreign policy, it epitomized the philosophy of principled pragmatism enshrined in the EUGS, and it captured the transformative approach to complex change advocated by the EU. The implementation of the EUGS over the last three years has been a story of lights and shadows. However, the idea of resilience lives on also and perhaps even more importantly because of its changing interpretation in the European policy debate.
The year 2017 has been a remarkable one for European security and defence. The work began with the EU Global Strategy (EUGS), presented by High Representative and Vice President (HRVP) Federica ...Mogherini in June 2016, a mere 48 hours after the UK vote to leave the European Union (EU HRVP, 2016a). At that time, all talk was about a potential disintegrative domino effect across the Union (Lichfield, 2016). Against the current, right when the Union was living through its deepest existential crisis, the HRVP pushed ahead with the EUGS. Only a few months later, the Council welcomed an ambitious Security and Defence Implementation Plan, which aimed to translate the security and defence dimension of the EUGS into reality (EU HRVP, 2016b). To do so, a new Level of Ambition and 13 tasks were identified in November 2016, endorsed politically by the European Council a month later (European Council, 2016). The year 2017 was entirely devoted to the implementation of these tasks, leading to significant activism in European security and defence. Talk about a ‘European Security and Defence Union ’ and a ‘Europe of Defence’ became louder as the months went by (Lazarou, 2016), culminating in declarations of a ‘new EU’ as the year came to an end (EEAS, 2017). All this took place while the Union began grappling with Brexit and lived through a succession of key national elections in Austria, the Netherlands, France and Germany, in which the spectre of eurosceptic populism loomed large. While the Union kept struggling politically, with precious little progress made on internal policy areas of European integration such as the eurozone or the EU asylum system,security and defence, traditionally the ugly duckling of European integration, began blossoming. In what follows, this essay discusses the why, the what and the what next for this remarkable year in European security and defence. Why, as some put it, has the EU’s ‘sleeping beauty’ (Selmayr, 2017) awakened? What concretely does a European Security and Defence Union mean? And what hurdles must be overcome to ensure that 2017 will not be remembered as another false dawn for European security and defence?
This article traces the evolution of the EU strategic reflection which culminated in the publication of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in June 2016. It explains the choices made by EU High ...Representative Federica Mogherini over this time period-including both the initial strategic assessment and the final EUGS. It provides a behind the scenes view on the players, the organization and the methods of work used to produce a strategic vision for the EU's role in the world.
Until recently, the European Union tended to view violent mass conflicts predominantly through the lens of negotiations between conflict leaders and powerful external actors. Today, the EU has begun ...to recognize the imperative of understanding and influencing developments on the ground in conflict situations by engaging with local civil society.
The European Union, Civil Society and Conflict explores the EU's relations with civil society organizations at the local level, in an effort to improve the effectiveness and relevance of its conflict and peace strategies. Looking in particular at the eastern and southern neighbourhoods, the volume analyses five case studies of EU and local civil society interaction in: Georgia & Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Moldova & Transnistria, Israel & Palestine and Morocco & Western Sahara. Through the comparative examination of these cases, this volume draws broad policy guidelines tailored to governmental and non-governmental action.
Exploring the impact of the European Union in conflicts beyond its borders through its engagement with civil society, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of the EU, civil society and conflict.
This volume focuses on multilateralism in the 21st century and examines how, and how effectively, the EU delivers on its commitment to effective multilateralism.
Presenting results generated by ...MERCURY, an EU research programme into multilateralism, this book addresses a central research question: does the EU deliver on its commitment to effective multilateralism?
Globalisation has created powerful new incentives for states to cooperate and has generated renewed interest in multilateralism. While a large body of work exists on multilateralism as a concept, it continues to be ill-defined and poorly understood. This book sheds new light on 21st century multilateralism by exploring conceptual approaches as well as generating innovative, empirical knowledge on its practice.
Research on EU external relations has increasingly focused on the concept of 'effective multilateralism'. Yet, the application of this concept as a guiding principle of EU foreign policy in non-security policy areas has rarely been examined. This book explores whether the EU is pursuing effective multilateralism in specific policy areas, including trade, climate change and conflict resolution, and distinct geographical and institutional settings, both internal to the EU and in specified regions, international organisations (IOs) and bilateral partnerships. This book offers evidence-based, actionable policy lessons from Europe's experience in promoting multilateralism.
The European Union and Multilateralism in the 21st Century will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, international organizations, and European Union politics and foreign policy.
What should be the European Union’s role in international politics? How should the EU deal with the challenges posed by instability, terrorism, radicalisation and conflict to the South and the East? ...Can the EU’s commitment to democratisation, human rights and international law be upheld or does it require rethinking and reorientation? The European Council tasked the EU High Representative and Vice President of the European Commission, Federica Mogherini, to address these questions in a Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy (EUGS). This article unpacks the EU’s journey towards a comprehensive foreign and security strategy—the EUGS. It does so by comparing the elements and main messages of the 2003 the European Security Strategy, under the leadership of Javier Solana, EU High Representative at the time, with HRVP Mogherini’s EU Global Strategy 13 years later, of which the author was the lead pen-holder.
PDF