The Li metal anode has long been considered as one of the most ideal anodes due to its high energy density. However, safety concerns, low efficiency, and huge volume change are severe hurdles to the ...practical application of Li metal anodes, especially in the case of high areal capacity. Here it is shown that that graphitized carbon fibers (GCF) electrode can serve as a multifunctional 3D current collector to enhance the Li storage capacity. The GCF electrode can store a huge amount of Li via intercalation and electrodeposition reactions. The as‐obtained anode can deliver an areal capacity as high as 8 mA h cm−2 and exhibits no obvious dendritic formation. In addition, the enlarged surface area and porous framework of the GCF electrode result in lower local current density and mitigate high volume change during cycling. Thus, the Li composite anode displays low voltage hysteresis, high plating/stripping efficiency, and long lifespan. The multifunctional 3D current collector promisingly provides a new strategy for promoting the cycling lifespan of high areal capacity Li anodes.
Graphitized carbon fiber electrode is demonstrated to improve the cycling performance of high‐areal‐capacity Li anodes due to dual reaction types, reduced current density, and confined volume change. This Li anode can deliver a high areal capacity of 8 mA h cm−2 without Li dendrites and displays low voltage hysteresis, high plating/stripping efficiency, and long cycling lifespan.
Due to its significant applications in many relevant fields, light detection in the solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength region is a subject of great interest for both scientific and ...industrial communities. The rapid advances in preparing high‐quality ultrawide‐bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have enabled the realization of various high‐performance DUV photodetectors (DUVPDs) with different geometries, which provide an avenue for circumventing numerous disadvantages in traditional DUV detectors. This article presents a comprehensive review of the applications of inorganic UWBG semiconductors for solar‐blind DUV light detection in the past several decades. Different kinds of DUVPDs, which are based on varied UWBG semiconductors including Ga2O3, MgxZn1−xO, III‐nitride compounds (AlxGa1−xN/AlN and BN), diamond, etc., and operate on different working principles, are introduced and discussed systematically. Some emerging techniques to optimize device performance are addressed as well. Finally, the existing techniques are summarized and future challenges are proposed in order to shed light on development in this critical research field.
Recent advances in developing solar‐blind deep ultraviolet light (DUV) photodetectors based on various inorganic ultrawide‐bandgap semiconductors are reviewed, such as Ga2O3, MgxZn1−xO, III‐nitride compounds (AlxGa1−xN/AlN and BN), and diamonds.
Li anodes have been rapidly developed in recent years owing to the rising demand for higher‐energy‐density batteries. However, the safety issues induced by dendrites hinder the practical applications ...of Li anodes. Here, Li metal anodes stabilized by regulating lithium plating/stripping in vertically aligned microchannels are reported. The current density distribution and morphology evolution of the Li deposits on porous Cu current collectors are systematically analyzed. Based on simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, the tip effect leads to preferential deposition on the microchannel walls, thus taking full advantage of the lightening rod theory of classical electromagnetism for restraining growth of Li dendrites. The Li anode with a porous Cu current collector achieves an enhanced cycle stability and a higher average Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% within 200 cycles. In addition, the resultant LiFePO4/Li full battery demonstrates excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance, thus demonstrating promise as a current collector for high‐energy‐density, safe rechargeable Li batteries.
A new strategy to restrain lithium dendrite growth is proposed and demonstrated using vertically aligned microchannel Cu current collectors for Li metal anodes. Most of the lithium is preferentially deposited into the microchannels. The current‐density distribution, deposition behavior, and electrochemical performance are simulated and investigated experimentally to understand the effectiveness of the microchannel structure.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has been recognized as a ...key mediator of DN. However, anti-TGF-β treatment for DN remains controversial due to the diverse role of TGF-β1 in DN. Thus, understanding the regulatory role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of DN is the initial step towards the development of anti-TGF-β treatment for DN. In this review, we first discuss the diverse roles and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β in DN by focusing on the latent versus active TGF-β1, the TGF-β receptors, and the downstream individual Smad signaling molecules including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7. Then, we dissect the regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the development of DN by emphasizing Smad-dependent non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies for DN by targeting TGF-β signaling with various therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It directly or indirectly affects the activity of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) ...under the induction of small molecules, causing membrane lipid peroxidation due to redox imbalances and excessive ROS accumulation, damaging the integrity of cell membranes. Ferroptosis is mainly characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, increased density of bilayer membranes, and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is an unavoidable risk event for acute myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis is closely associated with MIRI, and this relationship is discussed in detail here. This review systematically summarizes the process of ferroptosis and the latest research progress on the role of ferroptosis in MIRI to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries are intensively investigated, although their performance is not yet satisfactory for large-scale applications. In this context, the combination of Li
10
GeP
2
S
12
...solid electrolyte and LiNi
1-x-y
Co
x
Mn
y
O
2
positive electrode active materials is considered promising despite the yet unsatisfactory battery performance induced by the thermodynamically unstable electrode|electrolyte interface. Here, we report electrochemical and spectrometric studies to monitor the interface evolution during cycling and understand the reactivity and degradation kinetics. We found that the Wagner-type model for diffusion-controlled reactions describes the degradation kinetics very well, suggesting that electronic transport limits the growth of the degradation layer formed at the electrode|electrolyte interface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the rate of interfacial degradation increases with the state of charge and the presence of two oxidation mechanisms at medium (3.7 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li <
E
< 4.2 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li) and high (
E
≥ 4.2 V
vs
. Li
+
/Li) potentials. A high state of charge (>80%) triggers the structural instability and oxygen release at the positive electrode and leads to more severe degradation.
In this paper, we study the lepton flavor violating decays of the lj→liγγ (j=2, 3; i=1, 2) processes under the U(1)XSSM. The U(1)XSSM is the addition of three singlet new Higgs superfields and ...right-handed neutrinos to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Based on the latest experimental constraints of lj→liγγ, we analyze the effects of different sensitive parameters on the results and made reasonable predictions for future experimental development. Numerical analysis shows that many parameters have a greater or lesser effect on lepton flavor violation (LFV), but the main sensitive parameters and sources leading to LFV are the non-diagonal elements involving the initial and final leptons. This work could provide a basis for the discovery of the existence of new physics (NP).
A subzero‐temperature cathode material is obtained by nucleating cubic prussian blue crystals at inhomogeneities in carbon nanotubes. Due to fast ionic/electronic transport kinetics even at −25 °C, ...the cathode shows an outstanding low‐temperature performance in terms of specific energy, high‐rate capability, and cycle life, providing a practical sodium‐ion battery powering an electric vehicle in frigid regions.
The uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites upon cycling might result in low coulombic efficiency and severe safety hazards. Herein, a lithiophilic binary lithium–aluminum alloy layer, which was ...generated through an in situ electrochemical process, was utilized to guide the uniform metallic Li nucleation and growth, free from the formation of dendrites. Moreover, the formed LiAl alloy layer can function as a Li reservoir to compensate the irreversible Li loss, enabling long‐term stability. The protected Li electrode shows superior cycling over 1700 h in a Li|Li symmetric cell.
Dendrite‐free anodes: An efficient lithium–aluminum alloy medium with increased affinity for Li and generated through an in situ electrochemical process is engineered to guide uniform Li nucleation and suppress the growth of Li dendrites.
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