•Granitoid magmatism at 3.47 and 3.35–3.30 Ga in central part of Singhbhum craton.•An early high-HREE TTG followed by progressively more K-rich silicic granites.•Episodic magmatic underplating and ...intraplating in oceanic plateau suggested.•Resultant repeated crustal reworking led to crustal differentiation and cratonization.•Similarity with East Pilbara Terrane and Barberton Granitoid-Greenstone Terrain.
Palaeoarchaean granitoids are exposed over wide area in the Singhbhum craton whose origin and role in crustal evolution are not well constrained. This study presents whole-rock and mineral chemical data coupled with zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope results on such granitoids from the central part of the craton to understand their petrogenesis, tectonic setting and role in continental crustal evolution. The first phase of granitoid magmatism in this area is represented by a 3.47Ga Na-rich, gneissic tonalite belonging to the Archaean TTG (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) suite. This rock is characterized by high-HREE (heavy rare earth elements), negative Eu anomaly, low Sr/Y ratio and positive zircon Hf isotope signature (εHft=+2.1 to +4.8). It is interpreted to be formed by shallow melting of a juvenile mafic source. At 3.35Ga a silicic, ferroan porphyritic biotite granite formed. It shows variable K/Na, low Y and high Sr/Y, moderately fractionated HREE and positive zircon εHft (+1.8 to +4.0), and is explained as a product of high-temperature melting of a heterogeneous, juvenile source consisting of tonalites and mafic rocks at lower crustal depth. The final phase of granitoid magmatism is marked by a 3.30Ga non-porphyritic ferroan, silica-rich biotite granite. Geochemical characteristics like moderately high K, moderately fractionated HREE, low Ca and Sr/Y, and zircon εHft (+0.8 to +3.7) suggest that the granite was formed by high-pressure melting of a tonalite-dominated source with short crustal residence. All the three granitoid phases display low Mg, Ni and Cr contents and magnesium number (Mg#) precluding direct involvement of mantle in their origin. Rather, crustal reworking caused by episodic plume-related mafic-ultramafic magma underplating and intraplating in an oceanic plateau setting is suggested as the possible mechanism for formation of the granitoids. Successive crustal reworking events involved progressively greater amount of previously formed felsic crust generating more evolved, K-rich granitoids. It appears to be a globally important process which led to effective crustal differentiation and maturing of the cratons during Palaeoarchaean.
Several volumetrically minor
∼
2.8 Ga anorogenic granites and rhyolites occur along the marginal part of the Singhbhum craton whose origin and role in crustal evolution are poorly constrained. This ...contribution presents petrographic, geochemical, zircon U–Pb and trace element, and mineral chemical data on such granites exposed in the Pala Lahara area to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The Pala Lahara granites are calc-alkaline, high-silica rocks and define a zircon U–Pb age of 2.79 Ga. These granites are ferroan, weakly metaluminous, depleted in Al, Ca and Mg and rich in LILE and HFSE. They are classified as A2-type granites with high Y/Nb ratios. Geochemical characteristics (high
SiO
2
and
K
2
O
, very low MgO, Mg#, Cr, Ni and V, negative Eu anomaly, flat HREE and low Sr/Y) and comparison with melts reported by published experimental studies suggest an origin through high-temperature, shallow crustal melting of tonalitic/granodioritic source similar to the
∼
3.3 Ga Singhbhum Granite. Intrusion of the Pala Lahara granites was coeval with prominent mafic magmatism in the Singhbhum craton (e.g., the Dhanjori mafic volcanic rocks and NNE–SSW trending mafic dyke swarm). It is suggested that the
∼
2.8 Ga A-type granites in the Singhbhum craton mark a significant crustal reworking event attendant to mantle-derived mafic magmatism in an extensional tectonic setting.
An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P)-211007, India during year 2023-24. The experiment was ...laid out in Randomized Design (RBD). There were Ten treatments including control replicated three times in which growing media such as pond soil, vermicompost, and Plant growth regulators mixed in various percentages. The different levels of plant growth regulators Such as GA3, NAA and BA with different compositions in different combinations showed positive responses on the physical quality attributes of the papaya plant. The maximum values of physical quality characteristics of papaya plant like Survival percentage (90.68) number of germination days (10.01), germination percentage (90.01), number of leaves (10.46), plant height (12.76 cm), leaf area (38.4 cm2) and chlorophyll content (52.84), Number of primary roots (10.46), number of secondary roots(27.68) and stem diameter (3.85 cm) were recorded in T3 (GA3 with 150 ppm) and followed by the treatment T6 (NAA with 150 ppm) while, minimum values of these characters maximum value of physical parameter was recorded in control treatment (T0). From the present investigation it is concluded that treatment (T3) Performed best in terms of growth parameters followed by (T6) and (T9). The maximum B:C ratio (2.02) was also observed in the same treatment i.e. (T3).
An experiment was conducted to study the Evaluation of Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Hybrids in Prayagraj agro-climatic condition. at Sam Higginbottom. University of Agriculture Technology and ...Sciences, Prayagraj during summer 2023. From the present investigation it is concluded that the H10 Performed best in terms of growth (vine length (170.67 cm). The H9 is best performed in terms of Number of Primary branches (15.25) and The H10 is best performed in terms of maximum Number of node/plant (34.42).The treatment H4 is best performed in terms of Days to emergence of 1st male flower (42.83 days) and H11 is best performed in terms of days to emergence of 1st female flower/plant (46.8 days).The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of male flower (2.17). The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of female flower (2.17).The H3 and H5 is best performed in terms of Days to 50% female flower/plant (45.67).the treatment H12 performed best in term of days to 1st fruit setting/plant (48.00 Days) and the T12 best performed in terms of Number of days to first Fruit picking (51.58 Days). ). The H1 is best performed in terms of maximum number of Number of fruit/plant (28.48 Fruit),Fruit yield /plant (kg) (2.70 Kg), Fruit yield /ha (Q) (270 Q) and average weight of fruit (95.00g).The H4,H5 and H6 performed best in term of Fruit length (30.00cm). The treatment H11 is best performed in terms of fruit diameter (22.00mm). Whereas, the H1 recorded highest benefit cost ratio (2.79).
An experimental material comprised of 10 hybrid of pumpkin viz., SADABAHAR, PK-2507 F1hybrid, P6 F1 hybrid, P6 Gold F1hybrid, SS-76 F1 hybrid, SURAJ F1hybrid, SIPRA F1 hybrid, PRITVI F1hybrid, ...LHP-SINGHAM F1hybrid, SW-1001 F1hybrid.The investigation was carried out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Main Experiment Station of the Department of Vegetable Science at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj (U.P) during the spring season. Present investigation reveuled that pumpkin hybrids viz, vine length cm (SW-1001 F1hybrid), no of braches (PK-2507 F1hybrid) performance best in term of growth. Two hybrids namely LHP-SINGHAM F1hybrid and SW-1001 F1hybrid performance best in term of yield. For the maximum number of fruit per plant and minimum node number for the first staminate flower anthesis was observed in the case of LHP-SINGHAM F1hybrid which is promoted to earliness and high yielding. Two hybrids namely P6 Gold F1hybrid TSS (°Brix), LHP-SINGHAM F1hybrid Vitamin c /100gm.
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of Panchagavya on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Protected Condition at Sam Higginbottom. University Of Agriculture ...Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during summer 2023.The Treatment Performed best in terms of Plant Height (19.83 cm) and Number of node (12.00) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 30 DAS. Days to emergence of 1st male flower/ plant (28.87) after drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. Days to emergence of 1st female flower/plant (34.03) after drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 15 DAS. Days to 50% female flower/plant (34.67) Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 30 DAS.Days to 1st fruit setting/plant (43.00) after foliar spray of Panchagavya(9%)at 15 DAS. The Number of fruits/plant (4.67) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 15 DAS and the average weight of fruit (197.50g) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS. Fruit length and Girth (25.00 Cm) and (16.00mm) after Drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. Fruit Yield/plant (1.113 kg) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS and Fruit yield per 250 m² was (3.71q). Fruit quality TSS°brix (3.22) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. The highest benefit cost ratio was found after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS (2.42). Result indicates that after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS were recommended for plant.
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