Ti-MCM-41 with various ratios Ti/Si was synthesized successfully and characterized by some measurements as XRD, DR-UV-Vis, TEM, EDAX and N2-Adsorption. The peak in bands 230 nm in DR-UV-Vis ...spectroscopy showed that Ti was in tetrahedral coordination. The TEM, EDAX images indicated that the obtained materials were of ordered mesoporous structures in the samples with low ratio of Ti/Si. Moreover, increasing the thickness of material wall calculated by BJH method was due to the incorporation of titanium in the framework. The oxidation of α-pinene over Ti-MCM-41 with various ratios Ti/Si indicated that the possibility of Ti in the tetrahedral coordination gave a priority to the selectivity of α-pinene oxide. The Ti content of materials system increased, consequently the conversion of the reaction and the pinandiol product yield increased. DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.539
BACKGROUND:
Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic idiopathic, relapsing nonspecific inflammatory characterized by transmural inflammation can involve any ...element of the gastrointestinal tract, although its etiology is unclear yet, the recent studies have shown the associations between the alteration of gut microbiota and CD, furthermore, several studies suggest using probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic agents to manipulate the gut microbiota in the management of Crohn's disease. This study aims to bring together the evidence available on the clinical effect of probiotics in Crohn's disease patients.
METHODS:
To identify all relevant studies, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and other databases were searched. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) compared probiotic treatment with placebo were included in this meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were clinical remission and maintenance of remission. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, relapse rate, and endoscopic recurrence rate.
RESULTS:
Eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) studies were included for meta-analysis. In the probiotic group, there was no significant difference in term of clinical remission compared to placebo, with an odds ratio of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.33–2.35;
P
> 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in terms of adverse events rate between the 2 groups with 62 out of 162 (38.2%) in the probiotic group compared with 59 out of 162 (36.4%) in placebo groups; odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI, 0.08–1.78;
P
> 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in terms of relapse rate between 2 groups with 52 out of 124 (41.9%) in the probiotic group compared with 52 out of 121 (42.9%) in placebo groups; odds ratio 0.99 (95% CI, 0.58–1.69;
P
> 0.5). Regarding endoscopic recurrence rate, there was no significant difference in 2 groups of patients who underwent postoperative follow-up with 76 out of 137 (55.4%) in the probiotic group compared with 88 out 147 (59.8%) in placebo groups; odds ratio 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52–1.42;
P
> 0.05).
CONCLUSION(S):
Probiotic is potentially useful in Crohn's disease management. However, it appears to be effective for induction of remission, but with no significant major short-term benefits compared to the placebo group. Finally, there remain many unanswered questions that require further studies before probiotic can be considered for use in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
A series of spinel oxides AB2-xB'xO4/γ-Al2O3 (A: Ni, Cu; B: Cr; B': Fe and x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) were synthesized by two methods: solid-state reaction and coprecipitation. The oxides obtained were ...characterized by XRD, SEM and BET to determinate their textural and structural properties. Their catalytic activity was evaluated by reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. The XRD showed the spinel phase formed for all oxides synthesized by two methods. However, the coprecipitation method seems to be more favorable for formation of spinel phase. All samples showed a high catalytic activity and selectivity for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, especially, in the case of NiCr2-xFexO4 obtained by coprecipitation method. DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.263
Vaccination plays a central role in protecting children against severe diseases and preventing child mortality.
This study aimed to determine the rate and factors associated with complete and timely ...vaccination in 2-year-old children, as well as maternal knowledge on expanded vaccination in Go Cong Tay district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 558 2-year-old children and their mothers residing in Go Cong Tay district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The study employed a systematic random sampling method from June to September 2021.
The rate of complete vaccination in children was 74.7%. Factors associated with the rate of complete vaccination were occupation (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7; p=0.006), economic status (OR=3.8; 95%CI: 1.7-8.6; p=0.001), and maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1-2.6; p=0.01). The rate of timely vaccination was 47.8%. Factors associated with the rate of timely vaccination were maternal age group (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.6-6.0; p=0.001; OR=3.0; 95%CI: 1.3-6.6; p=0.006) and economic status (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.9; p=0.04). The rate of both complete and timely vaccination was 22.6%. Factors associated with the rate of complete and timely vaccination were maternal age group (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.3-7.2; p=0.009; OR=3.3; 95%CI: 1.2-9.1; p=0.02) and maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.0-2.4; p=0.03). The rate of maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination was 57.5%.
The rates of complete and timely vaccination are still low, and various factors influence expanded vaccination. The-refore, it is crucial to continue health education campaigns to improve knowledge on expanded vaccination, remind mothers of vaccination schedules, strengthen confidence in vaccination programs and vaccine safety, attract customers to vaccination services, provide adequate healthcare for children, and ensure vaccination activities during disease outbreaks.
•Somatic embryogenesis was first recorded from leaf and root explants of Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis.•The positive effects of silver nanoparticles were observed on the indirect embryogenesis and ...the maturation of somatic embryos.•Plant derived from somatic embryos grew and developed well under greenhouse and field conditions.
Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis) is one of the species with high commercial value in the genus Passiflora. In this study, the somatic embryogenesis (SEs) obtained from different explants (ex vitro leaf and in vitro root) cultured on medium-supplemented auxins and cytokinins, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) enhanced SEs and plantlets derived from SEs were evaluated for the first time. The ex vitro leaf blade (1 × 1 cm) and in vitro root fragment (0.1 × 1 cm) were used as the initial explants. The results showed that the addition of auxins and cytokinins in culture medium stimulated SEs in both explant types. Root explant only induced callus on medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0 - 4.0 mg L−1), however, somatic embryos were directly induced with 1.0 mg L−1 NAA. While 1.0 - 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D stimulated embryogenic callus induction (14.81 - 25.93%), NAA stimulated direct embryogenesis from leaf explants. The medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 NAA combined with 1.5 mg L−1 TDZ significantly improved the SEs rate (81.48%) and number of embryos per explant (26.67 embryos) formed directly from leaf explants. On the other hand, the synergism between 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D and 2.0 mg L−1 AgNPs significantly enhanced callus-derived embryogenesis from leaf explant with the highest SEs rate (92.59%) and number of embryos per explant (31.67 embryos). In addition, AgNPs also had a positive effect on promoting the maturation of callus-derived embryos. The plantlets derived from SEs were acclimatized in the greenhouse with a survival rate of over 90.00%. The SEs-derived plants flowered and produced fruit normally under field conditions. The results revealed a reliable plant regeneration procedure through direct or indirect SEs derived from ex vitro leaf and in vitro root explants and AgNPs-stimulated SEs that can be applied for commercial propagation of this crop.
A microponic system (MP system), a propagation system combines micropropagation and hydroponic that, has been studied on some flower and fruit plants; however, the MP system has not yet been tested ...on herbal plants, especially
Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae
(Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). This study used the MP system with nylon film (A4 cover nylon) to evaluate rooting, abnormal developmental phenomena, antioxidant enzyme activities, secondary metabolites of plantlets, and subsequent growth. Results showed that 2-cm shoots cultured on a micropropagation system obtained a rooting rate of about 50–60%, and plantlets recorded abnormal phenomena reaching 85% consisting of 22.33% vitrification, 19.33% leaf abscission, 43.33% callus at the root and only 15% plantlets without abnormalities. In contrast, the MP system pre-treated with 0.5 mg/L indole butyric acid (IBA) and supplemented with 4 mg/L silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained 100% rooting and improved plantlet quality. Furthermore, the plantlets developed using the MP system recorded a 2-fold reduction in vitrification and leaf abscission compared to those using the micropropagation system. A reduction in callus formation and increased antioxidant activities were also noted. The acclimatization of plantlets derived from the MP system pre-treated with 0.5 g/L IBA and 4.0 g/L AgNPs was higher than the conventional treatments.
•AgNPs enhanced shoot multiplication and CoNPs enhanced in vitro rooting and subsequent growth.•Abnormal phenomena (vitrification, yellowing of the leaf and browning of the explant) reduced in the ...rooting stage.•Ethylene, cellulase and pectinase activities reduced and antioxidant activity increased in the rooting stage.
The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were investigated with regard to shoot multiplication, in vitro rooting, acclimatization, growth and flowering of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Revolution Yellow) cultivar. The results showed that AgNPs had effects on the shoot multiplication stage, while CoNPs had effects on the in vitro rooting, acclimatization, growth and flowering stages. Single shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 AgNPs recorded optimal shoot multiplication efficiency, with shoots taller than 2 cm in height as well as reduced vitrification and yellowing of the leaf after 4 weeks of culture. In addition, the 2.5 cm shoots cultured on MS medium with 0.0465 mg L−1 CoNPs being used instead of CoCl2.6H2O gave rooting two days earlier and improved in vitro rooting. Moreover, reduction in vitrification, yellowing of the leaf and browning of the explant were observed in the rooting stage. There were reductions in ethylene accumulation and cellulase and pectinase enzyme activities, while the antioxidant activity increased in the rooting stage after 4 weeks, and this all enhanced the survival rate of plantlets in the acclimatization at the nursery stage.
The current in vitro plant regeneration of purple passion fruit is mainly based on shoot organogenesis. In particular, thin cell layer (TCL) technology has emerged as a powerful technique for shoot ...organogenesis from many in vitro explant sources of purple passion fruit. This study further optimized the in vitro plant regeneration from ex vitro explant sources (leaves and internodes) via TCL technology combined with the addition of AgNPs on the culture medium. For leaf TCL explants, the results showed that the optimal shoot induction rate (96.30%) and the highest number of shoots (4.33 shoots/explant) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L
− 1
BA and 1.5 mg L
− 1
AgNPs. For internode TCL explants, different internode positions had a significant effect on shoot induction from tTCL explants. After 60 days of culture, the optimal shoot induction rate (70.37%) was observed in the tTCL explants at the 3rd internode from the shoot tip. This study also revealed that the difference in endogenous hormones at different internode positions was one of the significant factors affecting shoot induction from TCL explants. On the other hand, the results indicated that the shoot regeneration coefficient in lTCL was significantly higher than in tTCL. In addition, somatic embryogenesis was recorded for the first time in internode tTCL explants (22.45%). The addition of 3.0 mg L
− 1
AgNPs significantly enhanced the proliferation and maturation of somatic embryos derived from internode tTCL explants. The present study contributes to a significant improvement in the micropropagation efficiency of purple passion fruit.
Key message
Efficient shoot regeneration was observed for thin cell layer explants of ex vitro leaves and internodes.
Differences in endogenous hormones at different internode locations significantly influenced shoot induction.
Somatic embryogenesis was first recorded from internode explants of Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis and this process was significantly enhanced by silver nanoparticles.
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