This article reports the synthesis of the University of Oslo-66 (UiO-66) and its application to simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetaminophen (AC). The zirconium ...terephthalate samples synthesized in different solvents (the N,N′-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and ethanol) are characterized with XRD, SEM, TG, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and XPS techniques. Among solvents the N,N′-dimethylformamide solvent is favorable for the UiO-66 phase formation. The synthesized UiO-66 material with spherical particles with round 100–150 nm in diameters possesses a large specific surface area. The UiO-66 is used as electrode modifier to develop UiO-66 modified glassy carbon electrode for determining simultaneous AA and AC. The UiO-66 modified electrode demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic performance towards AA and AC oxidation compared with bare GCE. The anodic peak current varies linearly to AA and AC concentration in the range of 0.02 to 2.92 μM. The level of detection (S/N = 3) was found to be 0.019 and 0.018 μM, respectively. The proposed differential pulse voltammetry method was used to determine individually or simultaneously AA and AC in pharmaceutical formulations. The results are not significant different from those analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
•An ulvan from green seaweed Ulva lactuca was extracted.•Fine chemical structure of the ulvan was determined by using SECMALL, IR, NMR and ESIMS methods.•The ulvan showed a significant cytotoxic ...activity again three cancer cell lines HepG2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast cancer), and Hela (cervical cancer).
The structure of an ulvan obtained by water extraction from green seaweed Ulva lactuca was elucidated by using IR, NMR, SEC-MALL and ESIMS methods. The ulvan was also evaluated for its cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cell lines. The results showed that the ulvan was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose, manose, glucose (with a mole ratio of Rha: Gal: Xyl: Man: Glu equal to 1: 0.03: 0.07: 0.01: 0.06), uronic acid (21.5%) and sulfate content (18.9%) with a molecular weight of 347000. This ulvan mainly consists of disaccharide →4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→4)-α-l-Rha3S-(1→ and other minor disaccharide β-GlcA-(1→2)-α-Xyl and β-GlcA-(→2)-α-Rha. The ulvan showed a significant cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (IC50 29.67±2.87μg/ml), human breast cancer (IC50 25.09±1.36μg/ml), and cervical cancer (IC50 36.33±3.84μg/ml).
Seven anthraquinones including two new compounds namely capillasterquinones A and B (1 and 2) and one new butenolide namely capillasterolide (8) were isolated and structurally elucidated from the ...crinoid Capillaster multiradiatus. The inhibitory effect of compounds 1–8 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as inhibition of 1 on expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins in RAW264.7 cells were also evaluated. As the obtained results, capillasterquinone A (1) showed strong NO production inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5.89±0.11 µM. In addition, compound 1 reduced the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions in a dose-dependent manner.
Rice husk is one of the most abundant biomass resources in the world, yet it is not effectively used. This study focuses on the sustainably rice-husk-extracted lignin, nano-lignin (n-Lignin), ...lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LCSN), n-Lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (n-LCSN), and lignin-capped silica-silver nanoparticles (LCSSN), and using them for antibacterial activities. The final n-Lignin-based products had a sphere-like structure, of which the size varied between 50 and 80 nm. We found that while n-Lignin and lignin were less effective against Escherichia coli than against Staphylococcus aureus, n-Lignin/lignin-based hybrid materials, i.e., n-LCSN, LCSN, and LCSSN, were better against E. coli than against S. aureus. Interestingly, the antimicrobial behaviors of n-LCSNs could be further improved by decreasing the size of n-Lignin. Considering the facile, sustainable, and eco-friendly method that we have developed here, it is promising to use n-Lignin/lignin-based materials as highly efficient antimicrobials without environmental concerns.
In the present article, the synthesis of zeolite imidazole framework-11 (ZIF-11) by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal process and its application as an electrode modifier for electrochemical ...determination of uric acid in urine are demonstrated. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. It was found that the ZIF-11 with rhombic dodecahedron topology and high surface area (1066 m2.g-1) was synthesized in a certain temperature and found in around 25–40°C, and other crystalline phases of zinc benzimidazolate deferring from ZIF-11 phase were found in less 25°C or higher than 40°C. The ZIF-11 is stable in the pH range 6-10. The modification of glassy carbon electrode was performed with ZIF-67 using the drop-casting procedure. The present ZIF-11 modified electrode was employed to study the electrochemical behavior of uric acid (UA). UA oxidation is catalyzed by this electrode in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7) with a decrease of 70 mV in overpotential compared to glassy carbon electrode. With the differential pulse–anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) method, the oxidation current of UA versus its concentration shows good linearity in the range 20–540μM (R=0.998) with a detection limit of 0.48 μM (S/N=3). The obtained ZIF-11 modified electrode was applied in the detection of UA content in urine samples, and satisfied results were obtained.
Porous TiO2/activated carbon (AC) material was synthesized by grafting peroxo-hydro titanium complexes to rice husk-derived activated carbon. It was found that the morphology of TiO2/AC consists of ...TiO2 fine particles highly dispersed on the AC matrix. The obtained TiO2/AC composites with high surface area and a red shift exhibit an excellent adsorption performance in both single and trinary system toward methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR). The isotherm models including extended Langmuir, P-factor, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) for Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips models were applied to study the adsorption equilibrium data of trinary solutions. It was found that IAST for Freundlich and Langmuir models were the most suitable one to describe the adsorption of the three dyes on TiO2/AC material. The high maximum adsorption capacities (mmol g-1) in single/trinary mixture were found as 0.452/0.340 for MB; 0.329/0.321 for MO; and 0.806/2.04 for MR. Moreover, the recyclability experiments showed that the adsorbent could be reused through photocatalytic self-cleaning for at least three cycles with stable capacity. Thus, the TiO2/AC can be effectively employed for the removal of dyes from industrial textile wastewater.
SEANUTS II Vietnam aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the nutritional status and nutrient intake of children between 0.5-11.9 years old.
Cross-sectional survey.
A multistage cluster ...systematic random sampling method was implemented in different regions in Vietnam: North Mountainous, Central Highlands, Red River Delta, North Central and Coastal Area, Southeast and Mekong River Delta.
4001 children between 6 months and 11.9 years of age.
Prevalence of stunting and underweight was higher in rural than in urban children, whereas overweight and obese rates were higher in urban areas. 12.0% of the children had anemia and especially children 0.5-1-year-old were affected (38.6%). Low serum retinol was found in 6.2% of children ≥ 4 years old. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 31.1% while 60.8% had low serum zinc. For nutrient intake, overall, 80.1% of the children did not meet the estimated energy requirements. For calcium intake, ∼60% of the younger children did not meet the RNI while it was 92.6% in children >7 years old. For vitamin D intake, 95.0% of the children did not meet RNI.
SEANUTS II Vietnam indicated that overnutrition was more prevalent than undernutrition in urban areas, while undernutrition was found more in rural areas. The high prevalence of low serum zinc, vitamin D insufficiency and the inadequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D are of concern. Nutrition strategies for Vietnamese children should consider three sides of malnutrition and focus on approaches for the prevention malnutrition.
Tetanus remains common in many low- and middle-income countries, but as critical care services improve, mortality from tetanus is improving. Nevertheless, patients develop severe syndromes associated ...with autonomic nervous system disturbance (ANSD) and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). Understanding factors associated with worse outcome in such settings is important to direct interventions. In this study, we investigate risk factors for disease severity and long-term physical outcome in adults with tetanus admitted to a Vietnamese intensive care unit.
Clinical and demographic variables were collected prospectively from 180 adults with tetanus. Physical function component scores (PCS), calculated from Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), were assessed in 79 patients at hospital discharge, 3 and 6 months post discharge.
Age, temperature, heart rate, lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO
) and shorter time from first symptom to admission were associated with MV (OR 1.03 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.05, p = 0.04; OR 2.10 95% CI 1.03, 4.60, p = 0.04; OR 1.04 95% CI 1.01, 1.07, p = 0.02); OR 0.80 95% CI 0.66, 0.94, p = 0.02 and OR 0.65 95% CI 0.52, 0.79, p < 0.001, respectively). Heart rate, SpO
and time from first symptom to admission were associated with ANSD (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.01, 1.06, p < 0.01; OR 0.95 95% CI 0.9, 1.00, p = 0.04 and OR 0.64 95% CI 0.48, 0.80, p < 0.01, respectively). Median interquartile range PCS at hospital discharge, 3 and 6 months were 32.37 24.95-41.57, 53.0 41.6-56.3 and 54.8 51.6-57.3, respectively. Age, female sex, admission systolic blood pressure, admission SpO
, MV, ANSD, midazolam requirement, hospital-acquired infection, pressure ulcer and duration of ICU and hospital stay were associated with reduced 0.25 quantile PCS at 6 months after hospital discharge.
MV and ANSD may be suitable endpoints for future research. Risk factors for reduced physical function at 3 months and 6 months post discharge suggest that modifiable features during hospital management are important determinants of long-term outcome.
As smartphone becomes increasingly prevalent and affordable, more youths today can own a smartphone device and download applications in various application stores. Smartphone applications have been ...proven to be useful for youths in various aspects. However, there has been a paucity of data looking into the preferences of Vietnamese youths and adolescents with regards to health-related applications and their receptiveness towards smartphone apps. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the receptiveness and preferences of health-related smartphone applications (mHealth apps) among online Vietnamese youths and adolescents.
An online cross-sectional study was conducted between the periods of August till October 2015 in Vietnam. Respondent-driven sampling technique (RDS) was utilized to recruit participants. Participants were asked questions about their history of downloading and using health-related smartphone applications and their receptiveness when using these applications. Moreover, socio-demographic characteristics and health status were also self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine associated factors.
Among 1028 participants, 57.4% owned a smartphone and only 14.1% of smartphone users have used a health-related smartphone application, and most of these individuals downloaded the applications for disease prevention (66.3%). 66.4% of the participants who owned these applications reported that health applications were useful and 92.8% reported being satisfied with the functionalities of the applications which they owned. Among smartphone users, people who were employed (OR = 15.46; 95%CI = 4.93-48.47) were more likely to download mHealth apps. Meanwhile, youths with higher EQ-5D index had a lower likelihood of downloading healthcare-related smartphone applications (OR = 0.17; 95%CI = 0.04-0.81).
This study highlighted a low rate of mHealth apps utilization among online Vietnamese youths and adolescents but a high acceptance of individuals who already used these apps. Developing mHealth apps or interventions towards the disease prevention and quality of life improvement could be feasible to proliferate the benefits of such applications in youths and adolescents in Vietnam. Further research should be conducted to optimize the contents and interfaces of mHealth apps that meet the needs of these populations.
Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo are natural sources of methoxylated flavonoids. Little is known about the α‐glucosidase inhibition of multi‐methoxylated flavonoid derivatives. Eighteen natural ...flavonoids were isolated from A. bracteosum and V. negundo. Seven halogenated derivatives were synthesized. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR analysis and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy as well as comparisons in literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α‐glucosidase inhibition. Most compounds showed good activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.7 to 421.8 μM. 6,8‐Dibromocatechin was the most active compound with an IC50 value of 16.7 μM. A molecular docking study was conducted, indicating that those compounds are potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors.
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