Despite collaborative efforts from all countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to spread globally, forcing the world into social distancing period, making a ...special challenge for public healthcare system. Before vaccine widely available, the best approach to manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is to achieve highest diagnostic accuracy by improving biosensor efficacy. For SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, intensive attempts have been made by many scientists to ameliorate the drawback of current biosensors of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical diagnosis to offer benefits related to platform proposal, systematic analytical methods, system combination, and miniaturization. This review assesses ongoing research efforts aimed at developing integrated diagnostic tools to detect RNA viruses and their biomarkers for clinical diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further highlights promising technology for SARS-CoV-2 specific diagnosis. The comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers as well as their applicable biosensors in the field of clinical diagnosis were summarized to give scientists an advantage to develop superior diagnostic platforms. Furthermore, this review describes the prospects for this rapidly growing field of diagnostic research, raising further interest in analytical technology and strategic plan for future pandemics.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern. The development of vaccines with high ...immunogenicity and safety is crucial for controlling the global COVID-19 pandemic and preventing further illness and fatalities. Here, we report the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, Nanocovax, based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular (soluble) portion of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that Nanocovax induced high levels of S protein-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in three animal models: BALB/c mouse, Syrian hamster, and a non-human primate (
). In addition, a viral challenge study using the hamster model showed that Nanocovax protected the upper respiratory tract from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanocovax did not induce any adverse effects in mice (
var. albino) and rats (
). These preclinical results indicate that Nanocovax is safe and effective.
Background: CHO cells have been commonly used in the production of recombinant protein. It is reported that around 70% recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in CHO cells systems and the ...market size exceed 15£ billion per year. With the optimization of culture conditions showed that CHO cell density can reach 18 million per cells per milliliter and final product concentration of 01 - 05 g l-1. Therefore, the production process development in laboratory scale plays an important role in identifying the optimal conditions suitable, which can be applied to produce Trastuzumab in industrial scale. In this study, Trastuzumab-producing cell lines were investigated in step wise: culture medium, percentage of supplements, culture temperature and shaking speed. The result showed that the optimal conditions as follows: cells were shaken at 100rpm in ActiPro medium supplemented with Cell Boost 7a/7b (ratio 1:0.1%) daily from day 03, the initial growth temperature was 37oC then shifted to 32oC on day 05. After 14 days, cell density reaches over 25 million per cells per milliliter and Trastuzumab concentration collects around 04 g/L. ntration collects around 04 g/L.
Tế bào CHO đã và đang được sử dụng phổ biến trong sản xuất protein tái tổ hợp. Theo thống kê, khoảng 70% protein tái tổ hợp điều trị cho người được sản xuất trong hệ thống tế bào CHO và doanh thu ...vượt quá 15 tỷ bảng mỗi năm. Việc khảo sát tối ưu các điều kiện nuôi cấy cho thấy mật độ tế bào cao nhất có thể đạt trên 18 triệu tế bào/ml và nồng độ sản phẩm cuối cùng đạt từ 01 - 05g/L Vì vậy, việc phát triển tối ưu quy trình sản xuất quy mô PTN đóng vai trò khá quan trọng nhằm tìm ra các nghiệm thức tối ưu, áp dụng cho lên men sản xuất Trastuzumab quy mô công nghiệp. Trong nghiên cứu này, dòng tế bào sản xuất Trastuzumab được khảo sát theo từng bước: môi trường nuôi cấy, tỉ lệ phần trăm chất bổ sung, nhiệt độ nuôi cấy và tốc độ lắc. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã tìm ra các điều kiện nuôi cấy tối ưu quy mô PTN như sau: tế bào được nuôi cấy lắc 100rpm trong môi trường ActiPro có bổ sung chất dinh dưỡng Cell Boost 7a/7b (tỉ lệ 1:0.1%) hàng ngày từ ngày 03, nhiệt độ tăng sinh ban đầu là 37oC sau đó hạ xuống 32oC vào ngày thứ 05. Sau 14 ngày nuôi cấy, mật độ tế bào trên 25 triệu tế bào/ml và nồng độ Trastuzumab thu được gần 04g/L.
In this study, graphene nanoribbons (GNBs) were utilized as a conductive agent for the olivine structure-based cathode LiFePO4 to facilitate the fast redox reaction and enable a high-rate battery ...performance. As a result, the cathodes comprising 5 wt% graphene nanoribbons and 10 wt% conductive carbon nanoparticles exhibited the maximum capacity, 163.25 mAh.g−1 at 0.1C and 130.60 mAh.g−1 at 2C with excellent capacity retention after 100 cycles. In addition, graphene nanoribbons demonstrate positive impacts on the charge transfer process. Still, the high concentration of GNBs in the cathode weakens the adhesion properties and will need further optimization in the slurry mixing process.
Objective To investigate the validity of recommendations in treatment guidelines to use higher than approved doses of oseltamivir in patients with severe influenza.Design Double blind randomised ...trial.Setting Thirteen hospitals in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.Participants Patients aged ≥1 year admitted to hospital with confirmed severe influenza.Interventions Oral oseltamivir at double dose (150 mg twice a day/paediatric equivalent) versus standard dose (75 mg twice a day/paediatric equivalent).Main outcome measure Viral status according to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza RNA in nasal and throat swabs on day five.Results Of 326 patients (including 246 (75.5%) children aged <15), 165 and 161 were randomised to double or standard dose oseltamivir, respectively. Of these, 260 (79.8%) were infected with influenza virus A (133 (40.8%) with A/H3N2, 72 (22.1%) with A/H1N1-pdm09, 38 (11.7%) with seasonal A/H1N1, 17 (5.2%) with A/H5N1) and 53 (16.2%) with influenza virus B. A further 3.9% (13) were false positive by rapid antigen test (negative by RT-PCR and no rise in convalescent haemagglutination inhibition titers). Similar proportions of patients were negative for RT-PCR on day five of treatment: 115/159 (72.3%, 95% confidence interval 64.9% to 78.7%) double dose recipients versus 105/154 (68.2%, 60.5% to 75.0%) standard dose recipients; difference 4.2% (−5.9 to 14.2); P=0.42. No differences were found in clearance of virus in subgroup analyses by virus type/subtype, age, and duration of illness before randomisation. Mortality was similar: 12/165 (7.3%, 4.2% to 12.3%) in double dose recipients versus 9/161 (5.6%, 3.0% to 10.3%) in standard dose recipients. No differences were found between double and standard dose arms in median days on supplemental oxygen (3 (interquartile range 2-5) v 3.5 (2-7)), in intensive care (4.5 (3-6) v 5 (2-11), and on mechanical ventilation (2.5 (1-16) v 8 (1-16)), respectively. No important differences in tolerability were found.Conclusions There were no virological or clinical advantages with double dose oseltamivir compared with standard dose in patients with severe influenza admitted to hospital.Registration Clinical Trials NCT00298233
Abstract
In this study, graphene nanoribbons (GNBs) were utilized as a conductive agent for the olivine structure-based cathode LiFePO
4
to facilitate the fast redox reaction and enable a high-rate ...battery performance. As a result, the cathodes comprising 5 wt% graphene nanoribbons and 10 wt% conductive carbon nanoparticles exhibited the maximum capacity, 163.25 mAh.g
−1
at 0.1C and 130.60 mAh.g
−1
at 2C with excellent capacity retention after 100 cycles. In addition, graphene nanoribbons demonstrate positive impacts on the charge transfer process. Still, the high concentration of GNBs in the cathode weakens the adhesion properties and will need further optimization in the slurry mixing process.
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