The concept of using limestone powder as supplementary materials to accelerate cement hydration has been explored widely. There have also been interests in using CO2 curing to enhance the early ...strength of concretes. This study investigated the effects of incorporating limestone powder on CO2 curing of cement-based materials. The results showed that using limestone powder to partially replace cement could significantly increase the CO2 curing degree of the cement pastes. QXRD analysis showed that calcite was the major reaction product, accompanied by amorphous calcium carbonate. The mass ratio of poorly crystallized calcium carbonate to highly crystallized calcium carbonate (DC/HC ratio) formed was affected by both the applied CO2 pressure and the use of limestone powder. At low pressure, incorporating limestone powder led to an increase in the DC/HC ratio. However, a reversed trend was observed in the case of high CO2 pressure.
This study aims to investigate the effects of further water curing on the compressive strength and microstructure of CO2-cured concrete. The results showed that concrete with a residual w/c ratio of ...0.25 showed the most rapid strength development rate upon further water curing due to hydration of uncarbonated cement particles. Thermogravimetric, IR-spectrophotometric and scanning electron microscope examinations indicated that further hydration of the cement particles could form C-S-H gel and ettringite crystals. The results showed that the calcite formed during the initial CO2 curing was consumed during the further hydration of C3A, and produced calcium monocarbonaluminate hydrate. Also, Ca(OH)2 was not detected due to its reaction with the formed silica gel. Mercury intrusion porosimetry test results indicated that the porosity and pore size of the CO2 cured mortar decreased further after water curing.
AbstractThe effect of limestone powder content on the CO2 curing degree (the carbonation rate after the CO2 curing process), compressive strength, reaction products, and microstructure of concrete ...cured in a CO2 environment were investigated in this study. Various proportions of limestone powder (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) were blended in concrete as partial mass replacement for cement. Concrete specimens with dimensions of φ50 mm×100 mm were manufactured and initially preconditioned at 20±2°C with a relative humidity (RH) of 65±5% and circulated air for durations up to 5 h. CO2 curing was then carried out for 1–3 h in a chamber at a pressure of 0.2 MPa. Results showed that concrete incorporating limestone powder demonstrated a higher CO2 curing degree as compared with those without limestone under the same conditions. The remaining water-to-binder ratio was also critical for the CO2 curing of concrete regardless of the incorporation of limestone powder. There may exist an optimal remaining water content or remaining water-to-binder ratio for which fast diffusion and dissolution of CO2 results in the highest curing degree of concrete. Concrete incorporating limestone powder demonstrated higher optimal remaining water-to-binder ratio as compared to those without limestone. Quadratic response surface analysis indicated that a combined effect of the limestone powder content and the remaining water-to-binder ratio, rather than the individual factors, play a critical role in improving the CO2 curing degree of the concrete specimens incorporating limestone powder. The microstructure and reaction products of the CO2-cured concrete were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) examination. It was found that limestone powder with a maximum particle size of 20 μm could serve as a nucleus for precipitation of reaction products, especially calcium carbonates, and induce the consumption of calcium silicates (C3S and C2S). Incorporating limestone powder can also generate more carbonation products and make the microstructure less porous.
•Addition of recycled glass in cement mortar impaired its mechanical properties.•CO2 curing enhanced compressive and flexural strength of recycled glass mortar.•CO2 curing contributed to decreased ...water absorption and porosity.•CO2 curing improved the microstructures (especially ITZ) of recycled glass mortar.•Porous structure facilitated deeper CO2 penetration and higher CO2 curing degree.
Previous studies have well demonstrated that recycled glass (RG) can be incorporated into cementitious materials to replace 100% river sand as fine aggregates. However, this replacement was found to incur adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the cement mortar. In this study, CO2 curing was employed to ameliorate these drawbacks. The effect of CO2 curing on both of the mechanical properties and microstructure of the RG incorporated cement mortar was studied by a series of laboratory tests. The results showed that replacement of river sand by 100% RG led to a 37% decrease in compressive strength and a 32% reduction in flexural strength of the mortar samples under conventional curing. Whereas, CO2 curing of these samples significantly enhanced both the compressive and flexural strength, with a more pronounced improvement on the former. Such improvements were further reflected by a decrease in both the water absorption and porosity, and by an enhancement of the microstructure. This is attributed to the fact that compared with the mortar samples prepared with 100% river sand, those prepared with 100% RG had a more porous structure due to the smooth surface of RG and thus a poor bonding between the RG and the cement paste. However, such a porous structure encouraged CO2 gas to penetrate and diffuse more easily into the cementitious matrix, resulting in a higher degree of CO2 curing.
Patterning of high‐mobility 2D semiconducting materials with unique layered structures and superb electronic properties offers great potential for batch fabrication and integration of next‐generation ...electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, a facile approach is used to achieve accurate patterning of 2D high‐mobility semiconducting Bi2O2Se crystals using dilute H2O2 and protonic mixture acid as efficient etchants. The 2D Bi2O2Se crystal after chemical etching maintains a high Hall mobility of over 200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Centimeter‐scale well‐ordered arrays of 2D Bi2O2Se with tailorable configurations are readily obtained. Furthermore, integrated photodetectors based on 2D Bi2O2Se arrays are fabricated, exhibiting excellent air stability and high photoresponsivity of ≈2000 A W−1 at 532 nm. These results are one step towards the practical application of ultrathin 2D integrated digital and optoelectronic circuits.
Controlled patterning of high‐mobility semiconducting two‐dimensional Bi2O2Se crystals was achieved by a facile wet‐chemical etching approach using diluted H2O2/protonic acid etchants. Centimeter‐scale well‐ordered two‐dimensional Bi2O2Se arrays exhibit a high Hall mobility of over 200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, and are integrated into air‐stable photodetectors with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of ≈2000 A W−1 at 532 nm.
Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive extranodal lymphoma with poor prognosis. Currently there is no standard therapeutic strategy for PCNSL, and ...high-dose methotrexate-based regimens remain the first option (Siegal et al. Acta Haematologica 2019). Recently, studies have shown that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a crucial part in B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, which are constitutively active in PCNSL (Shen et al. Front Oncol. 2022). BTK inhibitor has been proven effective in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell lymphomas (Yoshitaka et al. Neuro-Oncology 2021). Orelabrutinib is a novel and highly selective BTK inhibitor with high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration, which has demonstrated efficacy and safety in PCNSL (Wu et al. Invest New Drugs. 2022). Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the orelabrutinib-containing regimens as first-line therapy for patients (pts) with PCNSL. Methods: This isa retrospective analysis of pts with PCNSL who received TORM regimens (temozolomide 150 mg/m 2 day 2-5; orelabrutinib 150 mg qd day 2-21; rituximab 375 mg/m 2 day 1; methotrexate 3.5 g/m 2 day 2; 3 weeks per cycle) as first-line induction therapy between June 2021 and April 2023. It was proposed to receive autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) as consolidation therapy or orelabrutinib monotherapy as maintenance after TORM therapy when deemed necessary. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) according to the International PCNSL Collaborative Group (IPCG) criteria. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Twelve pts (8 males) with PCNSL were included, with a median age of 63.5 years (range, 40-77). All pts had a histologically confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and a history of deep intracranial lesions. 8 pts (66.7%) had non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes. 5 pts (41.7%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≥2, and 10 pts (83.3%) had International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group scores ≥2. 4 pts (33.3%) underwent ASCT after induction therapy and 4 pts (33.3%) received orelabrutinib maintenance monotherapy. As of the cut-off date (July 1, 2023), the median follow-up was 11.7 (range, 1.9-23.0) months, and median treatment cycle was 6 cycles (range, 2-9). All 12 pts were evaluated for the treatment response. An interim evaluation after 3/4 cycles was available for 12 pts, showing complete remission (CR) rate of 83.3% (10/12), partial response (PR) rate of 16.7% (2/12), giving an ORR of 100.0% (12/12, Table 1). At data cutoff, of all 12 evaluable pts, the best ORR was 100.0% (12/12), with all pts achieved CR ( Table 1). The median time to response was 1.7 (range, 0.7-2.4) months. Of 12 responders, 9 had an ongoing response, 2 developed progressive disease, and 1 died of covid-19 infection ( Figure 1). Median PFS was 22.6 months, with a 95% CI of 10.4-not reached (NR). Based one OS event, median OS was 22.6 months (95% CI, NR-NR). The most common AEs were anemia. Reported AEs were generally manageable and resolved soon after supportive treatment. AEs associated with off-target activities such as atrial fibrillation, diarrhea, and major hemorrhage were not reported. Conclusions: TORM regimens demonstrated encouraging efficacy and well-tolerated safety profile among pts with PCNSL in this retrospective study. This orelabrutinib-containing regimens may provide a potential treatment strategy for pts with PCNSL.
Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is a crucial resin-tapping tree species in China, and its resin, an important product, is predominantly composed of monoterpenes and diterpenes. Although the influence of ...transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) on terpene biosynthesis is well known, the specific effect of miRNAs on terpene synthesis in slash pine remains insufficiently explored. This study employed comprehensive analyses, including transcriptome sequencing, small RNA sequencing, and degradation profiling, focusing on the bark and needles of slash pine at three distinct time points to unveil the miRNA-gene regulatory patterns governing terpene synthesis. The transcriptome analysis identified 19,673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 726 TF-coding genes, 59 genes related to terpene synthesis, 66 ABC transporter genes, and 317 CYP450 genes. Small RNA sequencing identified 175 miRNAs, with 105 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) targeting 2497 genes. Notably, pta-miR949, pta-miR946a-3p, and pab-miR3710 targeted PITA39236 (HDS), PITA24638 (GPPS), and PITA12789 (ACAT), respectively. Temporal analysis revealed that DEMs and DEGs in Profiles 7 and 13 significantly influenced terpene synthesis in slash pine. Specifically, bHLH genes (Novel9385, PITA08062, PITA23693, and PITA43216) in these expression profiles, as well as the pta-miR858a/b-PITA03784/PITA28059/PITA18794 (MYB) and pta-miR159c-Novel1571/Novel4202 (MYB) modules, play pivotal roles in slash pine terpene synthesis. This study, for the first time, revealed the regulatory role of miRNAs in slash pine terpene synthesis, providing a foundation for understanding the involvement of miRNAs in this process and offering theoretical support for future molecular breeding efforts aimed at enhancing resin yield in slash pine.
•pta-miR949-PITA39236 (HDS), pta-miR946a-3p-PITA24638 (GPPS), and pab-miR3710- PITA12789 (ACAT) modules were directly related to the terpene synthesis of slash pine.•bHLH genes (Novel9385, PITA08062, PITA23693, and PITA43216), miR858a/b-PITA03784/PITA28059/PITA18794 module, and pta-miR159c-Novel1571/Novel4202) play pivotal roles in slash pine terpene synthesis.
Emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials serve as promising alternatives for next-generation digital electronics and optoelectronics. However, large-scale 2D semiconductor films ...synthesized so far are typically polycrystalline with defective grain boundaries that could degrade their performance. Here, for the first time, wafer-size growth of a single-crystal Bi2O2Se film, which is a novel air-stable 2D semiconductor with high mobility, was achieved on insulating perovskite oxide substrates SrTiO3, LaAlO3, (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3. The layered Bi2O2Se epilayer exhibits perfect lattice matching and strong interaction with perovskite oxide substrates, which enable unidirectional alignment and seamless mergence of multiple seeds into single-crystal continuous films free of detrimental grain boundaries. The single-crystal Bi2O2Se thin films show excellent spatial homogeneity over the entire wafer and allow for the batch fabrication of high-performance field-effect devices with high mobilities of ∼150 cm2 V–1 s–1 at room temperature, excellent switching behavior with large on/off ratio of >105, and high drive current of ∼45 μA μm–1 at a channel length of ∼5 μm. Our work makes a step toward the practical applications of high-mobility semiconducting 2D layered materials and provides an alternative platform of oxide heterostructure to investigate novel physical phenomena.
Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a classic surgical method for diseases, such as tumors at the lower end of the common bile duct, pancreatic head, and benign and malignant tumors of the ...duodenum. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most serious complications of LPD. To reduce the incidence of grade B or C POPF and other complications after LPD, we applied a split pancreatic duct stent combined with the characteristics of internal and external stent drainage. Between September 2020 and September 2022,12 patients underwent placement of the Split pancreatic duct stent during LPD. Data on basic characteristics of patients, surgical related indicators and postoperative POPF incidence were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the average operation time was 294.2 ± 36 minutes, average time for pancreaticojejunostomy was 35.9 ± 4.1 minutes, and average estimated blood loss was 204.2 ± 58.2 mL. Biochemical leakage occurred in 2 patients (16.7%), whereas no grade B or C POPF, 1 case (8.3%) had postoperative bleeding, and no death occurred within 30 days after the operation. Preliminary experience shows that the split pancreatic duct stent can effectively reduce the incidence of complications after LPD, especially grade B or C POPF.
