Real estate data have various applicationis in society, and they are collected during the geodetic survey. The survey involves a comprehensive process of collecting graphical and descriptive data ...about real estate. The first survey of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was made after the Berlin Congress, which was a big turning point in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey began in 1880 and ended in 1884. Thus, geodesy gained a significant place in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey was carried out according to the Instruction for Cadastral Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued in 1880 by the Military Geographical Institute in Vienna (German: Militärgeographischen Institut Wien - MGI), and today it is called the old survey. During the survey, numerous data on cadastral parcels were collected: their spatial position, name, land use, possessor or owner, etc. The data were, in accordance with the laws and bylaws in force during the Austro-Hungarian occupation, processed and put into use as the official results of the survey. The results of this survey are cadastral plans, cadastral register as well as land property register. It is important to emphasize that the results of the first systematic survey of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina are significant historical sources today. They can be used as historical sources, not only for analyzing the history of the geodetic profession, but also as sources for a detailed analysis of many events in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the end of the Second World War, a new survey began on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During this survey, the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not surveyed. The results of this survey are cadastral plans, cadastral register of the land cadaster and cadastral register of the cadaster of real estate. Nowadays, the data of the new survey are becoming the data of the land property register. The comprehensiveness of the surveys is reflected in the collection of geodetic data about cemeteries. Subsequently, the survey data have a historical character and historical cartography occupies an important place among historical sources. During the survey of the area of Lupac and Preočica, data were collected on the cemeteries located within these settlements. The collected data were processed and entered into registers established after the completion of the survey. During the preparation of cadastral plans of the old and new survey, their topography is prescribed, ie the planned topographic map symbols are drawn. The plans of the old survey were topographed in accordance with the Instruction for Cadastral Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which contains a template - a catalog of topographic symbols. The plans of the new survey were topographed according to the topographic key - the collection of topographic symbols. Topographic symbols on cadastral plans were used to analyze the depiction of the cemetery in this paper. Cadastral plans of the old and new surveys were used to analyze the spatial position of the cemetery. Data from the cadastral record were used to analyze the state of possessory of the analyzed cemeteries, and data from the land property register were used to analyze the ownership of the surveyed cemeteries. The previously mentioned data were studied in the paper in order to analyze the positions, topography as well as cadastral and land registry data of the Lupac and Preočica cemeteries, located in the Vitez municipality. The existence of a cemetery on the ground is completely defined by the existence of gravestones. Most of the analyzed cemeteries are Muslim, and various Muslim tombstones - nišan - were observed during field research. In order to complete the research, a sample of a certain number of muslim gravestones were analyzed. Muslim gravestones were created in different time periods, so they are characterized by several different features. The analysis of the muslim gravestones was primarily reflected in the analysis of epigraphy.
This study evaluates the applicability of different models of coordinate transformation between local and global geodetic datums. The results indicate the grid-based method as the best solution, ...assuming a sufficient density of tie points. Transformation based on a limited number of tie points, which do not reflect the real state of the survey basis in a particular area, have limited possibilities to reduce nonuniform and unequally distributed distortions that are usually found in the spatial data. This inevitably leads to the degradation of accuracy of transformation results, which is unacceptable. By using the optimal resolution grid model, which includes geodetic points from the area of the cadastral municipality that is being transformed, much better results are achieved compared to the model of distortion shifts used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2020 ABSTRACT Although they have long been regarded as obsolete, classical electronic theodolites, which are made as standalone anglemeasuring instruments, are still being produced and widely used ...throughout the world. A detailed analysis of the theodolite 's purpose, accuracy, construction, capabilities and functionality has resulted in the determination of three main groups of these instruments; a brief description of each category is provided. KEY WORDS electronic theodolite, development, classification, survey technology 1 UVOD V šestdesetih letih 20. stoletja so bili v tedanji Zahodni Nemčiji uspešno skonstruirani prvi instrumenti z elektronskim sistemom za čitanje in registracijo kotnih vrednosti na steklenih limbih teodolitov (Zwickert, 1964; Zetche, 1968). Čeprav so tovarne Fennel, Breithaupt, W. & L. E. Gurley in MOM opustile nadaljnji razvoj in proizvodnjo elektronskih teodolitov, lahko rečemo, da programi razvoja njihovih elektronskih teodolitov niso bili zaman in so opravili svoje poslanstvo.
The positioning of an object in space, i.e. "transfer" of data from the design to the field is an extremely significant and important geodetic operation. This activity requires great and ...well-deserved attention, especially when it comes to sensitive structures such as bridges. The position of a stakeout point in the field depends on a variety of different influences, all determining the actual accuracy of the stakeout. The aim of this Article is to investigate the dependency of horizontal setting out of the bridge axis accuracy (abutments and piers of the bridge) from the distance between the station and the setout point, the datum of the geodetic control network, and the precision of angular and linear measurements. The authors use an innovative visualization technique for the assessment of spatial variation of the horizontal stakeout by error ellipses.
General map of Bosnia and Herzegovina at scale 1:150 000 published by the Military Geographical Institute of Vienna. is one of the most important maps made on the basis of the first systematic ...geodetic survey of B&H. Based on the analysis of the original cartographic documents and other available data, the paper presents the most important details that characterize this map. The elements of the map are analyzed in details after a brief historical review of the circumstances that led to the creation of the map. A brief comparison of solutions adopted on this map, with those of the previous 1: 300 000 scale map, is also given in the paper. Based on the conducted research it was concluded that the General map of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the first true modern topographic map of the country. This map is a cartographic heritage of exceptional value.
The development of digital levels in the past two decades has progressed rapidly. Although technically inferior, optical levels are not only survived in the modern age but continue to be produced and ...improved. In this paper we tried to explain this phenomenon, with review of the historical development and current state of precision optical levels.
Droughts are second to hurricanes the world’s most costly weather events. Damage caused by droughts in certain countries is measured in tens of billions of dollars per year. Timely detection of ...drought and prediction of its occurrence has the potential to reduce costs and save a large number of people from its consequences. Numerous methods that serve this purpose exist in scientific research and practice. One group of drought monitoring methods belongs to the field of remote sensing, where it is possible to monitor drought indicators over large areas in almost real-time through satellite images. This paper is focused on the optical indices of remote sensing calculated by raster algebra. The intention was to reach conclusions about the quality of individual indices used for the Canton Sarajevo area in Bosnia and Herzegovina for each month of August in the period 2008–2021 through correlational and qualitative analysis and the use of meteorological indicators. Among the used indices, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NMI (normalized moisture index) proved to be the most reliable, and their mutual correlation was very strong (
r
= 0.99).
The fortress Kaštel (Fenarlik), located between Novi Travnik and Bugojno, probably was built in the period of middle ages. Concerning cartographic sources, it first appeared in 1883. Geodetic plans ...and maps from the 19th and 20th century credibly documented deterioration of the fortress remains. At first, it clearly displayed a ruin, while ultimately toponym Kaštel was the only preserved. Authors of this paper tried to identify and consolidate all relevant cartographic sources that represent the place Kaštel, together with the analysis of topographing the medieval fortresses.
This paper deals with cartographic depictions of religious facilities and cemeteries in Bosnia and Herzegovina on cadastral maps created during the Austro-Hungarian administration. It shows how ...cartographic depictions of these plans changed over time, based on collections of topographic symbols published in the late 19th and the early 20th century. Relevant cartographic sources depicting religious buildings were identified and collected through analysis of genuine archival documents, i.e. relevant cartographical sources of different scales and types. The research of the materials resulted in a scientific description of the most important aspects of religious facilities belonging to different religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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