Introduction: Scalp is a region where pilosebaceous follicles are present in high density and a wide histopathological spectrum can be seen. Aetiology of a scalp swelling may be traumatic, ...inflammatory, allergic, infective or neoplastic. Malignant tumours are not uncommon in this region and the literature available is also limited. This makes the scalp an interesting site for study. Aim: The present study was to highlight the histopathological spectrum of non traumatic scalp swellings. Materials and Methods: The present study was a 10 year hospital-based observational ambispective study from February 2010 to January 2020, done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary teaching hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 144 non traumatic scalp swellings were studied and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 software. Results: A total of 144 cases were studied. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Mean age was 40.94 years. Benign cases were 139 and five cases were malignant. Keratinous cyst was the common diagnosis (n=52), followed by lipoma (n=24). Most common malignant lesion was basal cell carcinoma (n=3), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n=2). Conclusion: Scalp swellings vary from keratinous cysts to malignancies. The study of scalp swellings is a must so that a variety of histopathological manifestations can be widely understood and interdisciplinary approach can be implemented in the diagnosis and management.
Identifying and treating people in a pre-frail state may be an effective way to prevent or delay frailty and preserve their functional capacity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of, and ...compliance with, a 12 week individualized nutritional supplementation (INS) and Nordic walking (NW) program in pre-frail older Indians. The primary measure is physical performance, as indicated by Fried's Frailty scale. Other measures include: cognition, as indicated by the Hindi Mental Status Examination; mood, by the Geriatric Depression Scale; and nutritional status, by the Mini Nutritional Assessment.
This is an open-labeled experimental pre-test and post-test study, which took place from October 2012 to December 2014. The study was approved by Institute Ethics committee (IEC/NP-350/2012/RP-26/2012) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Participants were sixty-six pre-frail elderly, who were randomly allocated into three subgroups, namely: A (NW only), B (INS only), and C (NW and INS). One-way ANOVA was used to statistically assess differences in baseline characteristics for quantitative variables, with the Chi-Square/Fischer exact test utilized for qualitative variables. Paired t-tests were used to assess pre and post intervention difference within the group for quantitative variables, with McNemar's Chi-Square test used for qualitative variables. Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess significant intervention effects among the groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
There was significant effect of intervention in gait speed in group A (p = 0.001) and C (p = 0.002), but not in group B (p = 0.926). While there was no significant change in grip strength in Group A (p = 0.488) and B (p = 0.852), a statistically significant increase was observed in group C (p = 0.013). Mood significantly improved in group B (p = 0.025) and C (p = 0.021). No significant difference was noted in cognitive status across groups. Following the interventions, a total of 18.18% of pre-frail participants were classified as non-frail.
Combining NW and INS provides a simple, pragmatic intervention with efficacy in the management of functionally vulnerable older adults, and allows their maintained independence. Future studies should replicate this readily applicable intervention in a larger cohort with a longer follow-up period.
Clinical Trial Registry-India CTRI/2016/05/006937 Registered on: 16/05/2016; Trial was Registered Retrospectively.
Background: Primary bone tumors are uncommon lesions constituting less than 1% of all cancers. Although open biopsy has high accuracy, it increases risk of tumor dissemination in patients with highly ...malignant tumors. FNAC eliminates the complications that may occur in surgical procedures and also gives quick results. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum and demographic characteristics of bone tumors and tumor like lesions at a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh and also to assess the role of FNAC in their diagnosis.Methods: This is a three-year, retrospective as well as a prospective study done on a total of 64 cases. All the cases were subjected to detailed history, physical examination and radiological investigations. FNAC smears were stained with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. H and E staining was done for histopathology.Results: Mean age affected was 26 years. Male-female ratio was 2.8:1. Out of total 64 cases of bone tumors and tumor like lesions, maximum was chondrogenic tumors (17; 26.56%), followed by osteogenic tumors (15; 23.44%). Osteochondroma (08; 47.06%), Osteosarcoma (07; 46.66%) and Aneurysmal bone cyst (04; 50.0%) were the most common chondrogenic tumor, osteogenic tumor and tumor like lesion respectively. The most common bone affected was tibia (16; 25.0%), followed by femur (15; 23.4%). Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC as a diagnostic modality were 90.0% and 91.67% respectively.Conclusions: A good correlation is observed between cytological and histological diagnoses which implies that FNAC can be used as a preliminary diagnostic approach to bone tumors, although histopathology remains the gold standard.
Introduction: Pediatric malignancies, although uncommon, are amongst the leading causes of death in children. These tumors show a distinctive incidence, histology and biological behaviour from those ...in adults. Aim: This study was conducted to find out the spectrum of pediatric malignancies in LLRM Medical College and associated SVBP Hospital, Meerut, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 cases were studied retrospectively over a period of five years. Patients, 0-14 years of age, diagnosed as a case of malignancy by means of peripheral blood smears and bone marrow studies, cytological and histopathological examination, were included in the study. The records of these tumors were retrieved and analyzed, focussing on the prevalence according to age, sex and types of tumors. Results: Maximum number of cases (50.98%; 26/51) were seen in 10-14 years age group, followed by 29.41% (15/51) cases in 5-9 years age group and 19.61% (10/51) in 0-4 years. Males were affected in 68.63% (35/51) cases, while females were affected in 31.37% (16/51) cases. Male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Leukemias were found to be the most common pediatric cancers (29.4%; 15/51 cases), followed by lymphomas (17.65%; 09/51 cases), malignant bone tumors (11.8%; 06/51 cases), renal malignancies (9.8%; 05/51 cases), brain tumors, soft tissue sarcomas and germ cell tumors (7.8%; 04/51 cases each). In <5 years and 5-9 years age group, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was the predominant malignancy (30% and 26.67% respectively). In 10-14 years of age, both ALL and Osteosarcoma accounted for the majority cases (15.38% each). Conclusion: This institution based study provides an insight into the pattern of distribution of childhood cancers in Western Uttar Pradesh region, which is important in the planning and evaluation of health strategies. In India, where there is scarcity of data because of lack of a dedicated pediatric cancer registry, such studies play a major role in effective disease management for this small but important group of patients.
Clustering Methods for Multidimensional Data from Social Media Ikramuddin, Ikramuddin; Avasthi, Sandhya; Tyagi, Meenakshi
2024 MIT Art, Design and Technology School of Computing International Conference (MITADTSoCiCon),
2024-April-25
Conference Proceeding
Popular platforms like Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Linkedin, and Twitter have become essential tools for various purposes generating massive amounts of unstructured data. Fast processing and ...analysis of this data need efficient Machine Learning methods. Clustering algorithms can organize and group such data efficiently and that's why efficient clustering algorithms are need of the hour. The data coming through social media platforms has various dimensions and a single algorithm cannot extract all the dimensions. Ensemble clustering is an efficient model by aggregating multiple base clustering algorithms that deal with the same data. This review paper explores different methods of ensemble clustering and performs the comparison of the same. In addition, discusses different ways to make consensus function efficient to explore insights from the given multidimensional data and how different strategies can be used in building an efficient model for clustering. But still, none of the clustering or ensemble clustering models or algorithms can be said this be the ideal one. Because as the need arises different clustering algorithm is used. So keep in mind that whether it is clustering or ensemble clustering if we apply the two different algorithms to the same data the result is different and as per the need the clustering models and algorithms are used.
Apart from multidimensional challenges and tough competition, due to lockdown, COVID-19 has also produced immense pressure on manufacturing industries to work with limited human resources to adhere ...the guidelines social distancing. During this tough time, companies are also facing the challenge to manage their fixed costs and semi variable costs, one of the significant costs is labor cost after material cost in manufacturing units. To raise human resource productivity is thrust area that is having a vast scope of improvement and resulting producing more with same labor hours or producing same with less labor hours. The present study, a case of Parason aims to work on TWI-JM to make the employees more productive and work process easier compared to the previous one. The case study focused on practical applications of Job Methods (JM) and for this purpose, a Job Breakdown sheet (JBS) was prepared to record the time of activities done on the shop floor before and after implementing "TWI-JM" technique. A questionnaire with 10 small questions was also prepared. The results achieved by the usage of Job Methods technique found self-explanatory, the team achieved a significant productivity improvement of 27% per shift in machining section by reducing number of activities from 91 to 61 to complete one job on one lathe machine which resulted in short production cycle.
The expansion of electronic banking (E-banking) in India has been facilitated by the government and the Reserve Bank of India, with the IT Act of 2000 establishing the legal validity of electronic ...transactions. Customer satisfaction with E-banking is influenced by factors such as service quality, performance, security/privacy, and website design. The criteria with the highest correlation with customer satisfaction include performance, device accessibility, and rewards. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between demographic factors and customer happiness, assess the level of risk experienced by customers, and identify elements that promote increased usage of E-banking services. The findings showed that mobile banking was the preferred method for conducting electronic transactions for 38% of participants, followed by ATMs (34%), internet banking (28%), and debit/credit cards (5%). The main motivations for using E-banking services were to see transaction status (43%), save time (28%), pay utility bills (21 %), and for security considerations (8%). PNB Bank, ICICI Bank, SBI Bank, HDFC Bank, and Federal Bank were the preferred banks for E-banking services. A survey revealed that 47% of respondents agreed with the security of E-banking transactions, while 53 % either had a neutral stance or disagreed. The majority of respondents (82%) expressed satisfaction with online banking, while a minority (18%) reported dissatisfaction. Overall, the study highlights the growing popularity and satisfaction with E-banking services in India.
The use of social media is a budding phenomenon that is having a bigger impact on both personal and business life. Social networks are used as tools to facilitate human interaction. Use of social ...networking sites (SN) complements and improves instruction in conventional classroom settings. For instance, there is a tonne of material available on YouTube, Facebook, wikis, and blogs on a variety of subjects. This study explores the necessity to modify the conventional methods of instruction and learning in light of social media innovation. Discovering the details why higher education students in Delhi-NCR use social media, recognizing the effects of social networking tools on learning and education generally, analyzing the challenges that students may encounter when using social media, and deciding whether traditional learning methods need to change in the age of social media technologies are the main goals of this study. The research technique would involve filling up an online questionnaire by the students at various universities, colleges, and other higher education institutions in Delhi-NCR to reach the study's objectives and investigate the potential effects of social networking platforms on teaching and learning methods. Both quantifiable and qualitative data were gathered. This study is based mostly on the student's viewpoint, examining how using social networking platforms affects students and how it alters conventional teaching and learning methods. To support the use of social networks in higher education, this study underlines the advantages of using them as instruments for creating a new style of learning as well as the drawbacks that may harm the learning process.
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