Microgrids are supposed to be part of the next evolution of the electrical power industry, not only in the island and rural areas but also in urban areas. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is ...supposed to be synchronized with the traditional power utility; therefore, their optimal planning needs to be identified. Techno-economic analysis of HRES helps to identify the feasibility of a renewable-based system. The economic viability aspects of HRES may also identify using techno-economic analysis. Microgrid preparation is a dynamic process due to current options, priorities, limitations, and uncertainties. This research paper aims to present a recent review on different design parameters, data categorization and different tools used for HRES design. In addition to this, a comprehensive review on different sizing methodologies of HRES, i.e., Graphical Construction, Probabilistic, Iterative, Artificial Intelligence, and Hybrid Methods are addressed in this article.
The demand of energy is increasing at an escalating pace and cannot be fulfilled entirely by conventional energy systems, due to their limited supplies. In addition to this they have a radical impact ...on the environment. In comparison to them hybrid energy systems are a suitable combination of renewable and non-renewable energy systems which keeps into account the advantages of both these systems, thus able to achieve reduction in cost of implementation and maintenance of the system, limited emission levels, improvement in reliability of the overall system etc. Designing of hybrid energy system for a locality and its implementation is an uphill task as the input parameters of the sources considered are randomly varying with time and are also independent of the load requirements. The paper encompasses review on various important sectors needed to be considered while designing and implementation of hybrid energy system; this includes configurations, criteria selection, sizing methodologies and control & energy management. This will help the designer to use suitable design constraints required while implementing hybrid energy system for grid connected or in off grid modes as per the requirement of the locality.
Renewable energy, a viable alternative of the world, can overcome the energy crisis that hinders growth of today's economies. The present work includes sizing of hybrid energy system using various ...energy management strategies. The energy management strategies considered in the present work are cycle charging strategy, load following strategy and peak shaving strategy. The sizing of hybrid energy system for all the mentioned strategies are carried out using genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and biogeography based optimization techniques by keeping energy index ratio at 1. The model also incorporates net present cost, cost of energy, renewable fraction and emissions of carbon di-oxide from diesel generator. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the 10th combination of cycle charging strategy is most cost effective as compared to other dispatch strategies. Seven unelectrified villages of Dhauladevi block of Almora district in Uttarakhand, India, has been selected for the development of hybrid energy system, comprising of renewable energy resources available locally along with the addition of diesel generator, for meeting the energy deficit. The results show that cycle charging strategy is most cost effective compared to load following and peak shaving strategies, with a minimum cost of energy value of 5.64 ₹/kWh.
•LFS, CCS and PSS are used for energy management of HES (Hybrid energy system).•The strategy with minimum COE (Cost of energy) value is selected and components size constituting HES are determined.•The COE of these strategies can be further minimized if CDM (clean development mechanism) is considered.
In recent years, renewable energy can be seen as one of the important prospect of today's research, as it is likely to enlighten the lives of millions of people by fulfilling demand of electricity in ...their daily life. The present work focuses on the development of optimal hybrid energy system sizing model based on comparative analysis of particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm and Homer software for energy index ratio of 1. The model also incorporates renewable fraction, emissions of carbon di oxide from diesel generator, net present cost and cost of energy. The system is developed to supply the demand of 7 un-electrified villages of Dhauladevi block of Almora district in Uttarakhand, India with the help of the available resources of solar, hydro, biomass and biogas energy along with the addition of diesel generator, for meeting out the energy deficit. From the optimization results, minimum cost of energy and maximum renewable fraction are obtained as 5.77 Rs/kWh and 92.6% respectively.
•Cycle charging is used as an energy management strategy for the proposed HES in a remote rural area in India.•The cost of energy is optimized using particle swarm optimization and is compared with genetic algorithm and Homer software.•The paper selects size of SPV, DG and battery with minimum COE, minimum CO2 emission and maximum renewable penetration.
•An affordable and reliable grid connected hybrid energy system is selected to supply electrical loads in the rural area.•Size of SPV and battery bank are optimized along with grid power sell or ...purchase.•The available biogas is used to supply the cooking demand.•Batteries such as lead acid, nickel iron and lithium ion are compared during the simulation for their selection as a component of the hybrid energy system.
In the developing countries, rural and remote sites are rarely connected with the national grid due to the lack of transmission and distribution infrastructure. The development of hybrid renewable energy model is an alternate solution to provide electricity accessibility in such areas. In the present research work, a grid-connected hybrid system model has been developed based on the available renewable resources. The proposed model consists of local renewable sources i.e., solar and biomass along with batteries for storage purposes. Major objectives of the study are to optimize the sizing of PV panels and batteries with power sales or purchases from the grid. The net present cost of the system has been minimized which is subjected to power reliability, SOC of batteries, upper and lower bound of SPV and batteries. Discrete Harmony Search (DHS) Algorithm has been adopted to optimize the system. Among the various considered scenarios, optimal configuration includes 30 kW biomass, 83.50 kWp solar PV, 78.70 kW converter and 38.40 kWh battery bank. Further, the optimization result yields the minimum cost of energy and net present cost as 4.66 INR/kWh and 13.07 million INR respectively.
•Various technical, economic, social and environmental parameters are covered.•Storage opportunities for energy management in IRES are presented.•Control schemes to obtain a regulated power supply in ...IRES are described.•Different methods for size optimization of an integrated system are discussed.•Open issues and solutions in design and development of IRES are summarized.
In the current energy scenario, harnessing of renewable energy potential is considered as a promising solution to address the issues of rise in earth’s temperature, environment pollution, increase in demand and scarcity of fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as biomass, solar radiation, wind speed, and small hydro are the best alternatives of fossil fuel-based sources. Accordingly, this research paper focuses on the comprehensive review of different issues associated with the Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) i.e. storage options, modelling, design parameters, unit sizing methodologies and control schemes. Different storage options available are presented which are required to cater the stochastic nature of renewable sources especially solar and wind. Further, different technical, economical, social and environmental parameters considered during the design of IRES are studied in the paper. Various states of the unit size methodologies to obtain the sizes of IRES are described. Furthermore, control schemes to regulate the power output of intermittent sources are also investigated. Finally, several open challenging issues and their possible solutions related to the design of IRES have been discussed.
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•Biomass residue yields from different crop is estimated for power generation in Indian perspective.•Various available and selection of suitable gasification techniques have been ...discussed.•Different crucial parameters for the usage of agricultural crop residue are elaborated.•Maximum capacity of power as 48.35 GWe per year can be generated from crop residue in India.
Concerns of climate change, depletion of fossil fuels and energy crisis have motivated the world to explore the alternative sources of energy. Renewable sources such as biomass, solar, wind and small hydro are the best alternatives to meet the increasing energy demand. In the present paper, bio energy potential of 12 agricultural crops cultivated in India has been estimated based on gross crop residue (GCR), surplus crop residue (SCR) and crop residue ratio (CRR). Crop statistics and model of GCR and SCR reveal that India produces 1043.24 million tonnes gross crop residue annually, out of which reasonable amount is consumed as cattle feeding, animal bedding, organic fertilizer, fuel for heating and cooking. Additionally, 356.7 MT biomass is available as surplus crop residue on annual basis that can directly be used for power production. The potential assessment of available surplus crop residue has been estimated as 53,767 MWe per year. Different biomass gasifier technologies are studied and compared based on ash melting temperature, fuel specifications, maximum fuel moisture content, gas lower heating value, and admissible power production. Various key issues (technical, economical, social and environmental) have also been discussed to cover the use of crop residue biomass for power generation.
In the present study, a model is proposed for the sizing optimization of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) based on local resource assessment and demand side management (DSM). It involves ...resource estimation for both micro hydro and solar photovoltaic systems. The sizing optimization of the HRES with or without load shifting based DSM is carried out using PSO (particle swarm optimization) and BBO (biogeography-based optimization) techniques. The purpose of DSM is to reduce the peak hourly power consumption. The cycle charging dispatch strategy has been used for sizing optimization of HRES. A comparative analysis has been made for PSO and BBO algorithms, by keeping energy index ratio at 1. Based on demand side management, the cost of energy, net present cost, renewable fraction, and emissions of carbon dioxide from diesel generators are also calculated. The results show that HRES with diesel generator (DG) of (10 kW), solar photovoltaic system (SPV) of (0.3 kW), and batteries of (300 Ah) each are most cost effective in the present scenario. This HRES combination consists of 4 units of DGs, 184 units SPV, and 44 units battery possesses 95.31% of renewable fraction during load shifting process with BBO algorithm. Finally, the proposed, model is validated with HOMER.
In the current scenario, sustainable power generation received greater attention due to the concerns of global warming and climate change. In the present paper, a Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator/ ...Battery-based hybrid system has been considered to meet the electrical energy demand of a remote location of India. The cost of the energy of hybrid system is minimized using a Biogeography-based Optimization (BBO) algorithm under the constraints of power reliability, carbon emission and renewable energy fraction. Load following and cycle charging strategies have been considered in order to investigate the performance analysis of the proposed hybrid system. Further, different component combinations of specifications available on the market are presented for detail analysis. The minimum cost of energy of the proposed hybrid system is obtained as 0.225 $/kWh.
Charging the electric vehicles through the use of solar PV systems is a major hurdle in today's era. In the present work, a system is designed for charging Electric bikes at workplaces like schools, ...colleges, offices, etc. To ensure a reliable charging system, a standalone solar PV system with a battery bank based energy storage unit is employed. It can be seen from the present work that the electric bike at different voltage configurations i.e., 12 V, 24 V, and 36 V, can be charged efficiently. The irradiance level is varied in a way to show a real-life effect that occurs during a summer day. To depict this, irradiance level is assumed to rises from 300 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 and decline again to 300 W/m2 during the process. The DC bus voltage is successfully maintained constant at a level of 48 V in all three cases. The contribution of the study is the application of a robust solar PV based off-grid design for charging electric bike at the workplaces.
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