•Bulb-EA exhibited strong antioxidant activity.•Caffeic acid was identified as major phenolic component in Bulb-EA.•Antioxidative effects are the first report for this species.•Anti-tyrosinase ...activities of the species were assessed for the first time.
This study examined the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity and phenolic profiles of three extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) obtained from different anatomical parts (bulb, stem and seed) of Ornithogalum narbonense. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH*, ABTS+*, FRAP, CUPRAC, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured using the modified dopachrome method with l-DOPA as the substrate. Phenolic content of the extracts varied according to plant part and extraction solvent and included HPLC–DAD, epicatechin, rutin, ferulic, protocateuchic p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, caffeic, benzoic and rosmarinic acids. The ethyl acetate extract of O. narbonense bulb samples demonstrated the most antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity and had the highest phenolic content. All other extracts showed moderate antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity. O. narbonense extracts, especially ethanol extract of O. narbonense bulbs, may have dietary and medicinal applications.
In this work, the biological and chemical fingerprints of three extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) from two
species (
and
) were investigated. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic ...activities were performed for the biological fingerprint. For the chemical characterization, total bioactive components, and individual phenolic components were determined using photometric and HPLC methods, respectively. The main identified phenolic compounds in these extracts were rutin and catechin. Methanol and water extracts contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. The results of antioxidant assays showed that methanol and water extracts displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Generally, methanol and water extracts exhibited higher biological activities correlated with higher levels the bioactive components. For
, the methanol extract exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity (except BChE inhibitory activity).
exhibited also high antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells whilst
had weak to moderate activity against both of A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. The results suggest that
species could be potential candidates for developing new phyto-pharmaceuticals and functional ingredients.
•The studied leaves extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity.•Phenolic components were explained for each of the leaves.•Enzyme inhibitory activities of the leaves were assessed for the first ...time.•The leaves are a valuable source of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of two extracts methanolic and water of nine different fruit tree leaves were assessed. The antioxidant activity of leaves was determined by ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)assays. The enzyme inhibitory activity was evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Individual phenolic components were detected using HPLC-DAD (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector) technique. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compounds in the leaves. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined as 22.24–274.50 milligram gallic acid equivalents (mgGAE/g) and 4.93–46.99 milligram rutin equivalents (mgRE/g), respectively. A higher antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity was observed in pomegranate and carob extract as compared to other leaves. This study suggested that the leaves may be beneficial for preparing novel functional food ingredients.
The genus Rubus (Rosaceae) has great potential for and a history of use as natural agents in several traditional folk remedies. Based on this concept, this study focused on the antioxidant activities ...and enzyme inhibitory effects of extracts and fractions from Rubus caesius. Different chemical assays were performed to detect antioxidant capacity, namely, free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH assays), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested towards cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were detected by colorimetric assays. Among the samples, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant potential with its higher concentration of total phenolics. The highest AChE and α-amylase inhibitory activities were observed in the diethyl ether fraction, while the n-butanol fraction had the strongest anti-tyrosinase inhibitor ability. The present study demonstrated that R. caesius may be considered a source of biologically active compounds to develop novel functional products or drugs in the pharmaceutical field.
Fully ripe fruits and mature leaves of
were harvested and analyzed by means of analytical and biological tests to better comprehend the chemical composition and therapeutic/nutraceutical potential of ...this plant. Fruits and leaves were dried and the obtained powders were analyzed to study their color character and (via headspace gas chromatography) describe the chemical profile. Subsequently, they were submitted to a chloroform-methanol extraction, to a hydroalcoholic extraction procedure assisted or not by microwaves, and to an extraction with supercritical CO
, assisted or not by ethanol as the co-solvent, to detect the polyphenolic and the volatile content. The resulting extracts were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll and carotenoid content, polyphenolic content, volatile fraction, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity. The results confirmed the correlation between the chemical composition and the high antioxidant potential of leaf extracts compared to the fruit extracts in terms of the phenolic and pigment content. A promising effect against tyrosinase emerged for all the extracts, suggesting a therapeutic/nutraceutical use for this plant. Conversely, the volatile content from both natural matrices was similar.
•This study examined the phytochemical properties of C. foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia.•C. foetida exhibited remarkable antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.•HPLC analysis showed chlorogenic ...acid to be the most abundant phytochemical.
The cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of methanol extract from the flower of C. foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (CFRME) were evaluated. The cytotoxic effect was investigated using HepG2, Caco-2, MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. Enzyme inhibitory activities were tested by spectrophotometric methods. Different chemical assays were used to determine the antioxidant effects. In addition, phenolic constituents were quantified. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic component in the extract. The extract showed a strong antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase and antityrosinase effects. These findings suggest that C. foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia may be considered as a source of ingredients that can be used as food supplements.
This study aims to analyze the effect of variables determining mathematics interest, mathematics self- concept, mathematics anxiety, teacher-student relation, classroom management and sense of ...belonging on the Mathematics achievement of Turkish students in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed in this research study. The research population is represented by 15 year 3 month and 16 year 2 month old students receiving education in Turkey. The research sample, on the other hand, is composed of 4848 students randomly selected from 170 schools in 12 geographical regions where PISA is implemented. When the Mathematical structural equation model is analyzed, it has been seen that there is a medium and positive relationship between mathematics achievement and mathematics interest of students with mathematics self-concept. It has also been determined that the variable mathematics anxiety has a negative and medium effect on mathematics achievement. According to the results of the research study there is no meaningful relationship between variables of teacher-student relation, classroom management, sense of belonging and mathematics achievement of Turkish students.
The seeds of
Tamarindus indica
L., classified as bio-waste, are powerful sources of bioactive compounds, especially tannins. In order to use its full potential, extraction of such bioactive ...constituents should be done under the optimized conditions. In the frame of this paper, central-composite experimental design and RSM (response surface methodology) were applied in order to investigate the impact of the maceration parameters on target responses and to optimize extraction process. Extraction was performed under the different levels of extraction solvent (methanol), temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio. Obtained extracts were evaluated in terms of total phenols, flavanols, and tannin yield and
in vitro
antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC). Experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model where regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine model fitness and optimal extraction conditions. Optimized extraction conditions determined by RSM were methanol concentration of 69.99%, extraction temperature of 23.38 °C, solvent-to-sample ratio of 1:20. Chemical characterization of the extract obtained under the optimized conditions was done by using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The study could provide a scientific baseline for designing novel functional products from
T. indica
seeds in further studies.
Aim of study: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibitory effect of different solvent extracts obtained from Prunus avium leaves.
Material and methods: The ...antioxidant capacity were evaluated using in vitro assays including DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating activity. Enzyme inhibitory effects were screened against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined spectrophotometrically.
Main results: The water extract yielded the highest phenolic content (66.65 mgGAE/g). In antioxidant assays, water extract exhibited strong antioxidant capacity (with exception of metal chelating activity). Methanol extract showed the highest enzyme inhibitory effect compared to other extracts.
Highlights: This study proved that P. avium leaves have the potential for the development of new phytopharmaceuticals or food additives.
Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmanın amacı Prunus avium yapraklarından elde edilen farklı çözücü ekstraktlarının antioksidan kapasitesini ve enzim inhibitör aktivitesini araştırmaktır.
Materyal ve yöntem: Antioksidan kapasite DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, fosfomolibdat ve metal şelatlamayı içeren in vitro deneylerle değerlendirildi. Enzim inhibitor ektisi AChE, BChE, α-amilaz, α-glukozidaz ve tirozinaz enzimlerine karşı tarandı. Ek olarak, total fenolik ve flavonoid içerik spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi.
Temel sonuçlar: Su ekstraktı en yüksek fenolik içeriğe sahiptir (66.65 mgGAE/g). Antioksidan deneylerde, su ekstraktı güçlü antioksidan kapasitesi sergiledi (metal şelatlama aktivitesi istisna olarak). Metanol ekstraktı diğer ekstraktlarla karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek enzim inhibitor etki gösterdi.
Araştırma vurguları: Bu çalışma P. avium yapraklarının yeni fitofarmasötikler veya gıda katkı maddelerinin geliştirme potansiyeline sahip olduğunu kanıtladı
Drying method is one of the most important steps in the preparation of plant materials for phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation. In this sense, this research endeavoured to evaluate the ...effects three drying methods (oven, freeze, and shade drying) on phytochemical component, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory effects of
Salvia absconditiflora
Greuter & Burdet. Antioxidant activities were screened by phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and metal chelating activity. Enzyme inhibitory effects were assessed against cholinesterases (AChE, BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Drying methods were found to affect the chemical component and biological properties. Shade drying showed the highest TPC (99.33 mgGAE/g) and TFC (46.88 mgRE/g) followed by oven (58.15 mgGAE/g for TPC, 40.65 for TFC), and freeze drying (43.73 mgGAE/g for TPC, 36.68 mgRE/g for TFC). The main phenolic compound characterized by HPLC was rosmarinic acid, which was observed to be highest following shade drying. Shade drying contained highest total bioactive compounds and exhibited the strongest antioxidant properties. The enzyme inhibitory effects of
S. absconditiflora
performed using different depends were dependent on the drying methods. Our results tend to suggest that shade drying was most suitable for
S. absconditiflora
because of possessing the highest rosmarinic acid and biological properties.
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