In this work, the energy production of a microgrid is managed to satisfy the demand while simultaneously minimizing two objectives: CO2 emissions and the economic cost of operating the microgrid. To ...this end, a novel energy management system (EMS) that combines a Model Predictive Control (MPC), a multi-objective optimization algorithm and a decision-tool, has been developed. This EMS takes advantage of the individual strengths of these components to address the changes that frequently appear in the microgrid operating conditions. Unlike traditional optimization, MPC applies the concept of receding horizon, so that the optimization problem covers a prediction horizon instead of the entire simulation time. In addition, it is rerun at each simulation sample time with updated information, so that the controller can adapt to changes. The multi-objective optimization algorithm optimizes the CO2 emissions and the economic cost (these two objectives are in conflict objectives and need to be optimized simultaneously) and generates a set of solutions, each of which is a trade-off between the two objectives. These solutions are called Pareto optimal solutions, and they form the Pareto front. The decision-tool automates the process by managing the Pareto front obtained from the multi-objective optimization. It acts as an expert and selects, among those equally suitable solutions, the one that best fits the current priorities. To test the performance and robustness of the MPC and to demonstrate that the decreasing horizon actually helps to mitigate the uncertainties in the predictions, two simulations are performed. In the first one, the forecasting variables are assumed to be predicted without errors, while in the second one, a prediction error is added to these variables. For each experiment, the decision-tool has been adjusted to select, from the Pareto front provided by the multi-objective algorithm, different solutions satisfying various requirements.
•Energy management in microgrids is a key issue for their right operation.•The receding horizon feature of the MPC provides robustness against uncertainty.•A multi-objective optimization is done obtaining multiple solution.•A decision tool selects the solution that best fits the priorities set by the user.•Using the proposed EMS the energy of the microgrid is efficiently managed.
Predecir el comportamiento hidrológico en cuencas hidrográficas compuestas por ecosistemas altoandinos que tienen una variedad de climas, con geología compleja, topografía muy variada y suelos con ...alto contenido de materia orgánica generadoras de una cobertura vegetal muy heterogénea es muy difícil, y si a ello se adiciona la escasez de información hidrométrica en las redes hidrográficas se genera gran incertidumbre al planificar el aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico. La tendencia predominante para la predicción es a través de modelos hidrológicos que relacionan precipitación y escorrentía, los cuales requieren información histórica no disponible en la mayoría de los casos. La aplicación de la técnica de redes neuronales artificiales, en contraste, permite disponer de una metodología adaptable a la información disponible en cada cuenca para analizar la relación entre precipitación y escorrentía, y gracias a su robustez se pueden obtener resultados con gran precisión. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar y predecir los caudales promedio mensuales para la cuenca del río Crisnejas, ubicada en la región norte de los Andes peruanos; para ello se contó con registros históricos de 12 estaciones meteorológicas y una estación hidrométrica, utilizando datos de caudal, precipitación, temperatura e índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI), mediante una red neuronal artificial del tipo perceptrón multicapa, con bondad de ajuste del 81 %. Luego, con el registro generado de caudales, se entrenó otra red del tipo recurrente para predecir caudales medios mensuales de ocho años con una bondad de ajuste del 71 %.
The ability to identify compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota of parasitized hosts is important for understanding the physiological processes that may affect animal productivity. Within ...the field of host-parasite interactions, many studies have suggested that helminths can influence the microbial composition of their hosts via their immunomodulatory effects. Bovine fascioliasis is a helminthiasis widely studied by immunologists, but with little information available regarding gut microbial communities. Thus, we aimed to describe the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Holstein Fasciola-positive and -negative cattle using parasitological methods and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Bovine fecal samples (n = 65) were obtained from livestock slaughter plants in the Cundi-Boyacense Colombian highlands (a hyperendemic region for bovine fascioliasis) and studied by amplicon-based next-generation 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA gene sequencing. From these samples, 35 were Fasciola hepatica-negative and, 30 were F. hepatica-positive in our detection analysis. Our results showed a reduction in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota in the Fasciola-positive samples, along with decreased relative abundances of the commensal taxa previously associated with fermentation and digestion processes. However, metabolomic approaches and functional analyzes of the intestinal microbiota are necessary to support these hypothesis. These findings are a small first step in the development of research aimed at understanding how microbial populations in bovines are modulated in liver helminth infections.
An Energy Management System (EMS) that uses a Model Predictive Control (MPC) to manage the flow of the microgrids is described in this work. The EMS integrates both wind speed and solar radiation ...predictors by using a time series to perform the primary grid forecasts. At each sampling data measurement, the power of the photovoltaic system and wind turbine are predicted. Then, the MPC algorithm uses those predictions to obtain the optimal power flows of the microgrid elements and the main network. In this work, three time-series predictors are analyzed. As the results will show, the MPC strategy becomes a powerful energy management tool when it is integrated with the Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) predictor. This new scheme of integrating the DES method with an MPC presents a good management response in real-time and overcomes the results provided by the Optimal Power Flow method, which was previously proposed in the literature. For the case studies, the test microgrid located in the CIESOL bioclimatic building of the University of Almeria (Spain) is used.
Technological advances in artificial intelligence are making rethinking the current system of copyright protection. The present research work seeks to carry out an approach to the analysis on who ...owns the copyright works generated by artificial intelligence. It is discussed whether current legislation allows the so-called algorithmic authorship and the different scenarios involved in determining authorship are evaluated on this type of works. It is debated whether the authorship rests with the programmer, the system user or the person commissioning the work. It is concluded that there is currently no express legal solution and therefore, a regulation must be sought according to the new technological challenges based on the consensus of the different actors that make life in the world of intellectual property.
Os avanços tecnológicos em inteligência artificial estão fazendo com que o atual sistema de proteção de direitos autorais seja repensado. Este trabalho de pesquisa busca realizar uma abordagem para a análise de quem detém os direitos autorais sobre obras geradas por inteligência artificial. Discute-se se a legislação atual permite a chamada autoria algorítmica e os diferentes cenários envolvidos na determinação da autoria deste tipo de obras são avaliados. É debatido se a autoria deve ficar com o programador, o usuario do sistema ou a pessoa que encomendou o trabalho. Conclui-se que atualmente não há solução jurídica expressa e, portanto, deve-se buscar uma regulamentação de acordo com os novos desafios tecnológicos com base na consenso dos diferentes atores que fazem a vida no mundo da propriedade intelectual.
Los avances tecnológicos en materia de inteligencia artificial están haciendo replantear el sistema actual de protección de los derechos de autor. El presente trabajo de investigación busca realizar una aproximación al análisis sobre a quién le corresponde la autoría sobre las obras generadas por inteligencia artificial. Se discute si la legislación actual permite la llamada autoría algorítmica y se evalúan los diferentes escenarios que supone la determinación de la autoría de este tipo de obras. Se debate sobre si la autoría debe recaer en el programador, en el usuario del sistema o en la persona que encarga la obra. Se concluye que actualmente no existe una solución legal expresa y por ende debe procurarse una regulación acorde a los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos con base en el consenso de los diferentes actores que hacen vida en el mundo de la propiedad intelectual.
This paper investigates the analysis of the energy management system for a DC microgrid. The microgrid consists of a photovoltaic panel and a batteries system that is connected to the microgrid ...through a bidirectional power converter. The optimization problem is solved by the hybrid internal point method with the genetic algorithms method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, by considering forecasting demand and generation for all the elements of the microgrid. The analysis includes a comparison of energy optimization of the microgrid for solar radiation data from two areas of the world and a comparison the efficiency and effectiveness of optimization methods. The efficiency of the algorithm for energy optimization is verified and analyzed through experimental data. The results obtained show that the optimization algorithm can intelligently handle the energy flows to store the largest amount in the batteries and thus have the least amount of charge and discharge cycles for the battery and prolong the useful life.
Objetivo: Revisar y contrastar métodos cuantitativos de evaluación de la calidad del espacio público que pueden aportar al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Metodología: Se ...seleccionaron siete métodos de evaluación a partir de publicaciones disponibles en las bases de datos Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Latindex, Scielo y Redalyc basados en publicaciones realizadas entre 2000 y 2020; se incluyeron referencias significativas de años anteriores de acuerdo con las citas halladas en dichos documentos. Los métodos se contrastaron según dimensiones de calidad, criterios de ponderación y variables.
Resultados: La evaluación de la calidad del espacio público mediante métodos cuantitativos contribuye al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, porque utiliza metas concretas y medibles; el uso de datos cuantitativos facilita la realización de un diagnóstico técnico de la condición de sus elementos. Las variables se agruparon en dimensiones; la accesibilidad y el confort fueron las que tuvieron mayor relación con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Los métodos consultados son costosos y complejos, necesitan un análisis de actividades y comportamientos de los usuarios. Sin métodos prácticos es difícil visibilizar las necesidades de infraestructura y satisfacer los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en cuanto a espacio público de buena calidad.
Conclusiones: Los métodos revisados incluyen una evaluación sin desagregación de la calidad de los elementos individuales que constituyen el espacio público; es un desafío diseñar instrumentos de evaluación para todo tipo de espacio público. La práctica tradicional es construir nuevos espacios o remodelar los existentes, sin considerar la financiación para el mantenimiento de todo el sistema en operación.
Financiamiento: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Este articulo reseña: Natalia Torres Zúñiga, The Inter American Court of Human Rights. The Legitimacy of International Courts and Tribunals. (2022) Routledge, London-New York, 213 pp.
We propose a distributed rewiring model which starts with a planar graph embedded into the Euclidean space and then behaves as a distributed system, where each node is provided with a set of dynamic ...links. The proposed rewiring evolves through cycles, where nodes explore the network to identify possible shortcuts and rewire their dynamic links. The rewiring decisions are subject to Euclidean and geodesic distance constrains. The emerging networks were assessed through topological and robustness analyses. We found that the networks display a variety of characteristics observed in complex networks encompassing phenomena such as preferential attachment, the distinctive traits of small-world networks, the presence of community structures, and robustness against degradation process. We consider that our proposal can be applied in the design of those self-managed systems in which there is a limitation on communication resources that can be represented by the Euclidean distance and, however, the components themselves can deploy strategies to optimize the transport of information and develop tolerance before contingencies.
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