Study on chemical characteristics of groundwater and impacts of groundwater quality on human health, plant growth, and industrial sector is essential to control and improve the water quality in every ...part of the country. The area of the Varaha River Basin is chosen for the present study, where the Precambrian Eastern Ghats underlain the Recent sediments. Groundwater quality is of mostly brackish and very hard, caused by the sources of geogenic, anthropogenic, and marine origin. The resulting groundwater is characterized by Na
+
> Mg
2+
> Ca
2+
:
> Cl
−
>
, Na
+
> Mg
2+
> Ca
2+
:
> Cl
−
>
>
, Na
+
> Mg
2+
> Ca
2+
:
> Cl
−
, and Na
+
> Mg
2+
> Ca
2+
: Cl
−
>
>
facies, following the topographical and water flow-path conditions. The genetic geochemical evolution of groundwater (
and Cl
−
–
types under major group of
) and the hydrogeochemical signatures (Na
+
/Cl
−
, >1 and
/Cl
−
, <1) indicate that the groundwater is of originally fresh quality, but is subsequently modified to brackish by the influences of anthropogenic and marine sources, which also supported by the statistical analysis. The concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), TH, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, K
+
,
, Cl
−
,
, and F
−
are above the recommended limits prescribed for drinking water in many locations. The quality of groundwater is of mostly moderate in comparison with the salinity hazard versus sodium hazard, the total salt concentration versus percent sodium, the residual sodium carbonate, and the magnesium hazard, but is of mostly suitable with respect to the permeability index for irrigation. The higher concentrations of TDS, TH,
, Cl
−
, and
in the groundwater cause the undesirable effects of incrustation and corrosion in many locations. Appropriate management measures are, therefore, suggested to improve the groundwater quality.
Impacts of geogenic and anthropogenic sources change seriously quality of groundwater. Inferior groundwater quality directly affects the human health, agricultural output and industrial sector. The ...aim of the present study is to evaluate the groundwater quality for drinking purpose and also to identify the pollutants responsible for variation of chemical quality of groundwater, using pollution index of groundwater (PIG). Groundwater samples collected from a rural part of Telangana State, India, were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
), sodium (Na
+
), potassium (K
+
), bicarbonate (
HCO
3
-
), chloride (
Cl
-
), sulfate (
SO
4
2
-
), nitrate (
NO
3
-
) and fluoride (
F
-
). The groundwater is characterized by Na
+
and
HCO
3
-
ions. The values of TDS, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, K
+
,
HCO
3
-
,
Cl
-
,
SO
4
2
-
,
NO
3
-
and
F
-
are more than their threshold limits prescribed for drinking purpose in a few groundwater samples. The computed values of PIG varied from 0.69 to 1.37, which classify the 80% of the present study area into the insignificant pollution zone (PIG: < 1.0) caused by geogenic origin associated with rock-weathering, mineral dissolution, ion exchange and evaporation processes, and the rest (20%) into the low pollution zone (PIG: 1.0 to 1.5) due to influence of anthropogenic source (waste waters and agricultural activities) on the groundwater system, which are proved by ANOVA test. The diagrams (Ca
2+
+ Mg
2+
) versus (
HCO
3
-
+
SO
4
2
-
), Na
+
versus (Ca
2+
+ Mg
2+
), Na
+
versus
Cl
-
, Ca
2+
versus
SO
4
2
-
and Ca
2+
versus Mg
2+
support the geogenic origin, whereas the diagram TDS with (
NO
3
-
+
Cl
-
)/
HCO
3
-
confirms the impact of anthropogenic activities on the aquifer chemistry, which substantially proved the explanation of PIG. The characterization of geochemical evolution of groundwater, using trilinear diagram, also further supports the assessment of PIG in the variation of groundwater quality. From this study, the TDS, Mg
2+
, Na
+
,
Cl
-
,
SO
4
2
-
and
NO
3
-
are considered as indicators in assessing the groundwater pollution sources.
A Rare Case of Recurrent Vulval Synechiae Paramasivam, Jai Durairaj; Baban, Kothe Pallavi; Mahipathy, Surya Rao Rao Venkata ...
Annals of the Romanian society for cell biology,
01/2021, Letnik:
25, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Range of symptoms will vary from local infection like urinary tract infection (UTI) or vaginitis (due to stasis of urine and vaginal secretions) to hydrocolpos or pyocolpos. When she came back with ...3rd episode of recurrent adhesion, she was managed with manual separation and instead of estrogen she was advised 0.5% Betamethasone cream to apply once daily for 6 weeks, along with local cleanliness was advised. 2 months later presented again with similar symptoms where she had thin stream of urine, low menstrual flow and posterior voiding. Estrogen and betamethasone local applications were tried in vain along with manual manipulative efforts to avoid recurrence which included self-dilatation, butterfly squatting position and local hygiene 3.Inspite of all effort's patient continued to have adhesions complicated with recurrant UTI and vaginitis. In about 20% of girls, asymptomatic bacteriuria develops and up to 40% experience symptomatic urinary tract infections.
Seed yield and seed quality determine much of the value of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops to the producers. The effects of genotype and environment on seed yield and quality were investigated using 12 ...rice genotypes grown during 3 years (2000–2003) at four different sowing dates in India, where detailed environmental data were collected. Yield, seed weight, proportion of seed setting and quality in terms of potential seed longevity, proportion of discoloured seeds, seed leachate conductivity and percentage germination were evaluated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the influence of environmental factors was evaluated by correlation analysis. Analysis of variance suggested that proportion of seed setting, seed leachate conductivity, potential seed longevity, percentage seed germination and proportion of seed discoloration were influenced more by environmental effects than by genotypic effects. In contrast, yield, panicle number, seed weight, and proportion of high-density grains were influenced more by genotypic than by environmental effects. The significant interaction effects of genotype and environment for all characteristics were attributed to differential resistance of genotypes to lodging (caused by increased plant height, low radiation and excessive rain at the time of grain filling) and were associated with fewer panicles harvested, lower seed setting and lower seed weight. Correlation analysis suggested that warm weather conditions with high solar radiation and without excessive rains during grain filling stage gave the best rice seed yield with high quality.
Subungual glomus tumours are rare tumours (2% of all hand tumours) presenting with excruciating pin point pain under the nail which is often misdiagnosed. Diagnosis is often always clinical. Here, we ...report the case of three patients who had subungual glomus tumour not diagnosed earlier for many years.
In orbital floor reconstruction, the need for the orbital implant to reach the exact position of the posteromedial ledge is essential, but owing to the complex anatomy of the region, visualisation of ...the ledge may be difficult. Several morphometric studies, both radiographic and cadaveric, have calculated a mean length from the orbital rim to the ledge. However, those linear measurements are unreliable and possess a higher margin of error for intraoperative guidance. This study attempts to triangulate the position of the posterior ledge from three easily accessible and reproducible points on the orbit and tries to provide a better guideline. A total of 50 patients (25 male and 25 female) with no history of orbital trauma or orbital surgery were selected randomly for this study. Computed tomography (CT) of both orbits, was done from three anatomically consistent and reproducible points: the infraorbital rim just above the infraorbital foramen (point A), hamulus lacrimalis (point B), and the most anterior point of the inferior orbital fissure (point C). The distance from these landmarks to the posterior ledge was measured using DICOM imaging software. A polygonal template was fabricated using the data obtained, which was used for intraoperative guidance. The mean (SD) distance to the posterior ledge from point A was 32.99 (1.35) mm, from point B was 31.36 (1.31) mm, and from point C was 20.19 (1.40) mm. There were no significant differences between left and right orbit or between male and female subjects. The template guides the shape, size, and direction of the orbital implant, reducing the risk of undersized or misplaced implants.
Diffuse neurofibroma is an unusual variant of neurofibroma with the head and neck being the common sites of involvement. It is benign in nature and spreads superficially and has many ectatic blood ...vessels. Histologically it is similar to conventional neurofibromas except for a few peculiar distinguishing features. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a diffuse recurrent painless swelling over the dorsum of the nose with the clinical stigmata of neurofibromatosis. Microscopy revealed a diagnosis of diffuse neurofibroma with a few foci showing differentiation towards Meissner's type of tactile corpuscles. It is important to recognize this entity as it has a tendency to recur, yet hardly ever become malignant and is almost always associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.
In this study, wire coating is performed using MHD convective flow of third grade fluid through porous medium taking Hall current into account. The governing equations are first modelled and then ...solved analytically by utilizing the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of the series solution is established. The effect of pertinent parameters on the velocity field and temperature profile is shown with the help of graphs. It is observed that the velocity profiles increase as the value of visco-elastic third grade fluid parameter β increase and decrease as the Hartmann number M and permeability parameter K increase. It is also observed that the temperature profiles increases as the Brinkman number Br, permeability parameter K, magnetic parameter M and third grade fluid parameter β increase.
Fluoride (F
−
) content varies from 0.60 to 1.80 mg/L in the coastal region between Chirala and Ongole of Andhra Pradesh, India. It exceeds the threshold limit of 1.20 mg/L in 20 % of the total ...groundwater samples. The aim of the present study is to assess the controlling factors of F
−
content. The study area experiences a dry climate and is underlain by Charnockite Group of rocks over which the river and coastal alluvium occur. The results of the study identify the four factors that control the high F
−
content. First one is related to alkalinity, leading to active dissolution and leaching of F
−
-bearing minerals, which supports the positive correlation of F
−
with pH and HCO
3
−
. A longer water residence time in the clays is the second factor, which activates not only solubility and dissolution of F
−
-bearing minerals, but also anion exchange between F
−
and OH
−
. Third factor is a result of higher Na
+
due to impact of saline water, ion exchange between Na
+
and Ca
2+
, and precipitation of CaCO
3
. This reduces the Ca
2+
content, causing dissolution of CaF
2
to maintain the chemical equilibria, which is supported by positive correlation between Na
2+
and F
−
. The influence of anthropogenic activities is the last factor, which acts as an additional source of F
−
. Thus, the shallow groundwater shows higher content of F
−
and the hydrogeochemical facies also support this hypothesis. The study suggests the remedial measures to reduce the F
−
content.
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