In this article we reviewed the literature on injuries and their mechanisms in bodybuilders. Bodybuilding is a weightlifting sport where the main goal is to increase muscle mass while maitaining body ...symmetry. From a biomechanical point of view, it is important to analyse technical performance of exercises to improve sports technique. Compound exercises based on the development of muscle hypertrophy must be included. The training is different before and during season, in pre-season it is based on reduction of body fat to a low level and a high volume of aerobic exercise. Adequate nutrition, use of supplements and banned substances are widespread in the sport. In that case athletes should be very careful for banned substances in accordance with WADA Code. The most commonly performed exercises where injuries happen are the squat, deadlift and benchpress. The majority of injuries (60 %) are acute, with 93 % shoulder joint injuries, 85 % lower back injuries and 80 % knee injuries. The incidence of injuries is low compared to other sports, between 0.24/1000 hours of training or 0.12 injuries per lifter per year. The most common type of injury is muscle strain, followed by tendinitis and cartilage wear. So it is therefore important to identify risk factors to allow the development of appropriate prevention programs. Muscle ruptures are common with high eccentric loads, with pectoralis major tendon being the most vulnerable to be injured. Than followed by a rupture of biceps femoris during the deadlift exercise, during sudden flexion of the hip joint while the knee is extended. Eccentric contraction and rupture also occurs in the quadriceps muscle, which lifters try to avoid by performing low-bar squat. Uncontrolled abdominal pressure during high-weight exercises causes discus hernias, which lifter can prevent by breathing correctly and using strong muscle stabilizers. The most well-known injury of all is elbow burzitis or »Bodybuilders elbow« due to repetitive flexion and extension movements of elbow joint. To prevent this injuries we have to include preventive measures such as medical check-ups, education of athletes, ensuring safety in competitions, appropriate training and load distribution, treating the body as a whole and regular equipment check-ups.
Minimum wage stands as a fundamental right for workers and one of the oldest and most universal labour law standards in the world. Understanding the impact of labour market changes, demographic ...trends, and migration on minimum wage regulation could offer valuable insights into the future development of labour law institutes. This study focuses on how these trends affect the basic legal concept of the minimum wage and how they are affected by the legal regulation of the minimum wage. It draws upon a case study of minimum wage regulation in the Republic of Slovenia, with particular focus on social dialogue. In Slovenia, the minimum wage is legally determined, granting all employed individuals the right to receive it without differentiation based on domestic or foreign employment and irrespective of age. The right to a minimum wage has also been extended to cover certain non-standard forms of employment. An analysis of the minimum wage framework in Slovenia has shown that, even in the changed landscape of the labour market, traditional labour law institutions remain an important civilisational achievement and value.
An increasing number of studies and practical experience confirm that employment quality and security affect the mental and physical wellbeing of workers. This applies even more to those who are ...included in precarious types of work, as these are marked by work process inclusion uncertainty and lower quality in several dimensions of work performance. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to analyse mental health self-perception in individuals who have described their work as precarious. The study involved 201 participants aged 18 to 40 years old working in Slovenia. This is one of the first studies focusing on this topic on a Slovenian sample. Results evidence that those performing precarious work report low life satisfaction, including higher depression, anxiety and emotional exhaustion symptom incidence, confirming that performing precarious work is connected with poorer emotional health indicators in young adults.
Abstract
There are few topics in contemporary labour law scholarship that have generated more literature than work in the so-called ‘platform economy’. To date, much work has focussed on the question ...of defining the personal scope of the employment relationship and on the problems of using existing classifications of employment status in the context of work organised via platforms. This article seeks to address the much less-discussed issue of how collective bargaining may function in the ‘platform economy’, and the role of collective labour law actors, most notably the social partners. The article argues that, rather than focussing on individual employment status and litigation, it is by developing a regulatory framework supportive of, and that involves key stakeholders in, strong sectoral collective bargaining that work in the ‘platform economy’ can be adequately regulated to the benefit of workers, business and the State.
PurposeThe article focuses on the role that ‘confidential information’ plays in relation to the work of board-level worker representatives, and their interaction with other worker participation ...mechanisms. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to explore the implications of confidentiality of board-level information for effective worker participation. The main argument is that if board-level worker representatives are excessively constrained by confidentiality provisions, their capacity to work effectively is brought into question.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research was undertaken on a sample of 12 public limited companies in Slovenia. In each company, three interviews were conducted: with the CEO or board member, with a board-level worker representative and with a works councilor, who was not a board-level worker representative (36 interviews in total). Each of these interviewees has a particular role, and interest, in handling confidential information. Thus, a method of triangulation by groups was employed. The interviews were conducted at the company premises during October and November 2017. The results were analysed by the content analysis method.FindingsThis research confirms that in the majority of companies, nearly all of the material and information discussed by the board is deemed to be ‘confidential’. Consequently, communication between board-level worker representatives and the works council is rendered difficult, if not impossible. The results indicate an urgent need to redefine the concept of confidentiality and to reinforce the level of communication between management boards and works councils.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to one country, which, by no means, is fatal, as international comparisons, although of greater breadth, often lose some depth of analysis (especially, for example, where there are differences in legal contexts). Although the issues discussed in the paper are of relevance to all those with an interest in worker participation mechanisms, they cannot be generalised mostly due to national specificities.Originality/valueThe question of confidentiality as between the board, board-level worker representatives, works councils, trade unions and other form of worker representation, despite its importance, has been raised quite rarely in research. In this research, three groups of stakeholders (CEO/board member, board-level workers representative and works council members) have been covered, with the aim to extend the understanding of how confidentiality obligations impact relationships between these.
Talent Management in the Public Sector Kozjek, Tatjana; Franca, Valentina
Central European public administration review (Online),
11/2020, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Over the past decade, researchers and human-resource managers, particularly in larger private sector organisations, have shown an increased interest in talent management, while this issue has been ...overlooked in the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to present the literature review about talent management in the public sector and to show how the existing legislation allows the creation of a talent management system for Slovenian public sector organisations. The main methodological approach used was qualitative research with document analysis. The paper sought answers to three research questions: (How) are talented employees treated differently from other employees? What types of models or practices in the field of talent management are applied in European countries? What are the legal limitations in the field of civil servant talent management in Slovenia? The literature review shows that organisations that are aware of the importance and contribution to the ultimate organisational objectives treat talented employees differently from other employees in the organisation. Models or practices in the field of talent management vary widely among different European countries. The limitations in Slovenia are strict observance of the principle of equality and thus equal opportunities for inclusion in the system of talented civil servants with limited reward opportunities and, consequently, for the promotion of civil servants. In order to enable good practices in Slovenia, a change of the legal framework is necessary.
Digitalization, the process of converting information into a digital format, further develops people’s behaviour, skills and knowledge, especially that of digital natives, to use digital applications ...and technology. Society 5.0 may be too vague to function strategically, but it does place us at the centre of the ongoing technological revolution, and better facilitates proactivity. Globally, men generally participate in labour markets more than women, but this gender gap in participation rates has been sharply declining in recent decades. Turkey’s significant structural and social change of late is expected to make it easier for women to enter the labour market, but their participation in the labour market is still low.
The European Commission approved Slovenia’s recovery and resilience plan (RRP) on 1 July 2021. Although the RRP and the partnership agreement and programmes under cohesion policy funds for 2021–2027 ...took into consideration Country Specific Recommendations and investment guidance sound strategic priorities set at the national level are lacking. Moreover, proposed projects do not take uneven regional distribution sufficiently into account. While the main focus of the RRP lies on the implementation of the so-called green and digital transitions, it also envisages a number of reforms and investments that directly impact the labour market (training, education and pension reform, for example). The goal of this article is to present the reforms in the context of the European Pillar of Social Rights and the Country Specific Recommendations issued within the European Semester.
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