En este artículo se exploran las percepciones de alcaldes rurales sobre los procesos de exclusión social en sus territorios y los marcos ideológicos que las sostienen. La evidencia empírica de ...nuestro estudio, contextualizado en España durante la crisis de 2008-2014, procede de entrevistas cualitativas en dos proyectos de investigación sobre exclusión social en áreas rurales de Castilla-La Mancha y la Comunidad Valenciana. Nuestro análisis muestra diferencias significativas entre las descripciones objetivas de exclusión social en el medio rural y cómo se perciben. Los alcaldes responsabilizan de esos procesos a la crisis económica y a las decisiones personales, mientras obvian cualquier responsabilidad comunitaria de integración social. Así, identificamos neoliberalismo, patriarcado e idilio rural como los marcos definidores de la percepción de los procesos de exclusión social en el medio rural.
This article explores the perceptions that rural mayors have of social exclusion processes in their territories, and the ideological frames that underpin them. The study was conducted in Spain during the 2008-2014 crisis. It draws on evidence from qualitative interviews conducted with rural mayors as part of two research projects on social exclusion in rural areas in the Castilla-La Mancha and Valencian autonomous communities. Our analysis shows significant differences between the objective descriptions of social exclusion in rural areas and how such exclusion was perceived. Mayors held individuals’ responsible for their own exclusion during the economic crisis, which mayors linked to the choices those individuals had made, while ignoring the community’s responsibility for social integration. Based on their accounts, neoliberalism, patriarchy, and rural idyll frames were identified as shaping and defining the perception of social exclusion processes in rural areas.
Este artículo explora la interdisciplinariedad en el enfrentamiento de la despoblación rural desde la innovación social. Para ello, analizamos la diversidad de disciplinas envueltas en las ...iniciativas de innovación social registradas en la base de datos del proyecto de investigación SIMRA orientadas a enfrentar desafíos demográficos. Los resultados de este análisis muestran un destacable nivel de integración de conocimiento científico en la innovación social frente a la despoblación, evidenciando el necesario carácter interdisciplinar de la lucha contra la despoblación y su análisis, así como el margen existente para que se informe este tipo de innovación social desde más campos científicos.
This article explores interdisciplinarity in social innovation facing rural depopulation. For this purpose, we analyse the diversity of disciplines involved in the social innovation initiatives registered in the database of the SIMRA research project that are addressing demographic challenges. The results of this analysis show a significant level of integration of scientific knowledge in the social innovation facing depopulation, which evidences the need for interdisciplinarity in fighting depopulation and also its analysis, as well as the existing margin for more scientific fields to participate in this type of social innovation.
The spread of radical‐right populist movements across Europe in recent years have been explained from a geographical perspective by a differentiated political behavior in rural areas, rooted in ...socio‐economic differences and a theory of a “revenge of the places that do not matter”. The objective of the article is to contribute to the characterization of the current populist narratives on rurality and potential new rural‐urban cleavages. Using the “Narrative Policy Framework”, the article explores two complementary case studies through a qualitative analysis of media pieces. The first case study explores narratives on rurality across the European Union between 2015 and 2019, giving an overview of how rural areas are depicted in policy narratives and the role and potential for discourses rooted in perceptions of “left‐behind places.” The second case study explores in depth how the Spanish radical‐right party VOX articulates its policy narrative on rurality. The analysis of both cases illustrates the existence of a complex narrative fabric on rurality across rural areas in Europe and how radical‐right populism reproduces a narrow concept of rurality, anchored in the idea of abandonment that may be contributing to the creation of a new rural‐urban cleavage.
La sobreemigració femenina i la masculinització són processos encara latents en gran part de la ruralitat espanyola. No obstant això, existeixen dones que mantenen o traslladen la seua residència a ...aquestes àrees. Així doncs, aquesta investigació tracta de caracteritzar les principals circumstàncies i patrons de vida que assumeixen i configuren les dones rurals. A partir d’un estudi de cas, la Sierra del Segura (Albacete), i mitjançant tècniques qualitatives, s’exposen quatre grans models de vida femenins. Per una part, dos que impliquen una trajectòria de localització ancorada en el món rural i el manteniment de rols de gènere, si bé el component generacional habilita divergències importants en termes de participació social i econòmica. Per altra, dos models més que integren episodis urbans, nivells educatius més elevats i esquemes socioculturals renovats, que poden ajudar a promoure iniciatives socioeconòmiques i a fixar població.
The aim of this research is to explore the ways in which social policies, aimed at addressing social exclusion in different rural areas of Spain and Portugal, have been developed since 2008 in order ...to determine how the recession has affected the social policies of South-East Europe. Our article presents an integrative and territorial approach for studying the development of social policies oriented to social exclusion in rural areas. Through the study of policy programs, reports and practitioners' views, we project a qualitative view of the impacts that the last period of economic crisis and austerity policies have had on social policies, in the different rural territories of the Iberian Peninsula.
This article explores the perceptions that rural mayors have of social exclusion processes in their territories, and the ideological frames that underpin them. The study was conducted in Spain during ...the 2008-2014 crisis. It draws on evidence from qualitative interviews conducted with
rural mayors as part of two research projects on social exclusion in rural areas in the Castilla-La Mancha and Valencian autonomous communities. Our analysis shows significant differences between the objective descriptions of social exclusion in rural areas and how such exclusion was perceived.
Mayors held individuals' responsible for their own exclusion during the economic crisis, which mayors linked to the choices those individuals had made, while ignoring the community's responsibility for social integration. Based on their accounts, neoliberalism, patriarchy, and rural idyll
frames were identified as shaping and defining the perception of social exclusion processes in rural areas.
<div data-canvas-width="537.7519333333333">This article explores interdisciplinarity in social innovation facing rural depopulation. For this purpose, we analyse the diversity of disciplines involved ...in the social innovation initiatives registered in the database of the SIMRA research project that are addressing demographic challenges. The results of this analysis show a significant level of integration of scientific knowledge in the social innovation facing depopulation, which evidences the need for interdisciplinarity in fighting depopulation and also its analysis, as well as the existing margin for more scientific fields to participate in this type of social innovation.
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 26).
Double network ...hydrogel samples were synthesized and manufactured out of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and alginate solutions. They were casted into cube molds with each side measuring 20 mm. Samples were tested under compressive loads in cyclic compression tests and stress relaxation tests. A viscoelastic model was applied and material properties were calculated using the experimental data. The elastic modulus of these PAAm-alginate gels was found to be 35kPa, while the viscosity, eta, was found to be 1.43 kPa-s. The viscous response was found to have a dependency on the strain rate by an exponential factor of 0.26. Using the applied theoretical model and the experimentally determined material properties, you can then characterize the mechanical response of the PAAm-alginate hydrogel when it undergoes small strains.
by Diana Valero.
S.B.
•The data came from an online survey that included questions related to use of helmets, filled by 8655 bicyclists from 17 different countries.•The results showed that across all countries, an average ...of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries.•Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity.
Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to reporting accidents to police than others. Assessing if this bias occurs and the size of it can be of great importance for evaluating the risks associated with bicycling.
This study utilized data collected in the COST TU1101 action “Towards safer bicycling through optimization of bicycle helmets and usage”. The data came from an online survey that included questions related to bicyclists' attitudes, behaviour, cycling habits, accidents, and patterns of use of helmets. The survey was filled by 8655 bicyclists from 30 different countries. After applying various exclusion factors, 7015 questionnaires filled by adult cyclists from 17 countries, each with at least 100 valid responses, remained in our sample.
The results showed that across all countries, an average of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries: from a minimum of 0.0% (Israel) and 2.6% (Croatia) to a maximum of a 35.0% (Germany). Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity. No relation was found between the likelihood of reporting and the cyclist's gender, age, educational level, marital status, being a parent, use of helmet, and type of bicycle.
The significant under-reporting – including injury crashes that do not lead to hospitalization – justifies the use of self-report survey data for assessment of bicycling crash patterns as they relate to (1) crash risk issues such as location, infrastructure, cyclists' characteristics, and use of helmet and (2) strategic approaches to bicycle crash prevention and injury reduction.
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