El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la calidad de vida de los trabajos precarios de cantera y ladrillo del municipio de San Luis Potosí y minería artesanal de mercurio en Camargo, Querétaro. Se ...realizó trabajo de campo y observación no participativa. Durante el periodo de investigación de campo en 2019-2020 se aplicó un cuestionario a un total de 118 trabajadores. Los datos fueron organizados y tratados con el programa Excel (versión Microsoft Office 365) y analizados dentro del marco de los enfoques de la antropología ambiental y de la vida cotidiana. En ambos contextos, se encontró que los trabajadores presentan un nivel alto de marginación, enfermedades crónicas, inactividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, además de que no cuentan con equipo de protección, de acuerdo con la ocupación, tienen diferentes riesgos laborales. Además, no cuentan con contrato laboral. Aunado a ello, la familia participa en las labores. Los escenarios de precariedad laboral identificados presentaron algunas comorbilidades crónico-degenerativas diagnosticadas, nulo equipo de protección para realizar sus actividades, riesgos laborales y poco acceso a servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, requieren de esfuerzos y abordajes multidisciplinarios que permitan evaluar, atender y visibilizar sus condiciones con la finalidad de prevenir, intervenir y transformar la precariedad laboral en trabajo decente.
Context: The study of pulmonary hypertension is mainly based on an experimental model that induces this condition using monocrotaline. Even though this model has been in use for decades, the toxic ...effect of low dose monocrotaline in other systems is not well described. Aims: To evaluate the renal and hepatic effects of monocrotaline in order to be able to better predict the pharmacodynamic impact that it could have. Methods: Two groups of rats were used, the first one received monocrotaline following pulmonary hypertension protocol (30 mg/kg) and the second one received saline 0.9%. At day 60 blood from the vena cava was obtained and liver and kidney were extracted for histologic exam. Fulton index (right ventricle hypertrophy measurement) was used to confirm pulmonary hypertension. Results: The monocrotaline group presents focal interstitial lymphoid infiltration and regeneration foci in the kidney as well as venous congestion of the liver in some of the animals, these changes were not found in the control group. Kidney and liver function tests showed no significant differences. These results show that low-dose monocrotaline model for pulmonary hypertension generates changes on liver and kidney; however, these alterations were not consistent, making it a viable model for evaluating new drugs in this condition. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the low dose of monocrotaline (30 mg/kg) in animals exposed for 60 days does not cause consistent changes in liver and kidney; there were findings in some animals that could be caused by cardiovascular changes generated by pulmonary hypertension.
The aim of this paper is to report a case of a young woman with unilateral vestibular chronic failure with a poorly compensated vestibuloocular reflex during rapid head rotation. Additionally, she ...developed migraine symptoms during the treatment with associated chronic dizzy sensations and blurred vision. Her report of blurred vision only improved after she completed a rehabilitation program using fast head impulse rotations towards the affected side for 5 consecutive days. We discuss why we elected this form of treatment and how this method may be useful for different patients.
This study is the first comprehensive curricular comparison of graduate arts management programs in the United States. Its principal finding is that there exists considerable curricular convergence ...among arts management programs and that their differences may be exploited strategically. Through extensive curricular analysis and in-depth conversations with faculty, this study makes both conceptual and methodological contributions to the field-conceptual because it provides an empirical basis for the definition of arts management as a formal academic discipline in its own right and methodological because it proposes a framework to effect a systematic comparison of arts management program curricula.
•Commelina erecta is andromonoecious and its hermaphrodite flowers are enantiostylous.•Floral morph ratios were different over the peak flowering.•Enantiostylous and male flowers were morphologically ...identical.•Augochlorela sp. was the most frequent visitor in flowers.•Fruit and seed set were similar in both hermaphroditic flowers.
The most common sexual systems found in Commelinaceae species are hermaphroditic and andromonoecious, and although enantiostyly is also recognized in the family, it has only been recorded in a few species. The presence of different sexual systems (v.gr., andromonoecious and enantiostyly) in the same species is still unnoted. Commelina erecta is a common andromonoecious-enantiostylous species (i.e., it bears male, left-styled and right-styled flowers) of the coastal dunes of La Mancha in Veracruz, Mexico. Our aims were to determine: (1) the type of enantiostyly, (2) the floral morph-ratios in a population, (3) the differences in size of flowers structures among floral morphs, to (4) characterize the floral visitor community in the different floral morphs, and (5) evaluate differences in fruit set in the hermaphroditic flowers. We found that C. erecta in La Mancha is characterized by non-reciprocal monomorphic enantiostyly. The proportion of floral morphs varied among sampling months. Discriminant analysis and a Wilcoxon test using canonical scores indicated that the anther area and filament length of male flowers are larger in size than those in hermaphroditic flowers. In total, we recorded 220 visits to the flowers of C. erecta by 18 species of insects belonging to five orders. Our study shows that the main floral visitor was the halictid bee Augoclorella sp. Left- and right-styled flowers were equally successful in terms of producing fruits and seeds of the same weight and size, but overall reproductive success was low, with fruit set of only 29%.
Síndromes epilépticos en niños y adolescentes Isabel Margarita, López S.; Ximena, Varela E.; Silvia, Marca G.
Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes,
November 2013, 2013-11-00, 2013-11-01, Letnik:
24, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
En la edad pediátrica las epilepsias son frecuentes, con manifestaciones clínicas diversas y edad-dependientes. El reconocimiento preciso de los diferentes síndromes y epilepsias es importante para ...determinar un tratamiento y pronóstico adecuados. Cerca de un 70% de las epilepsias en niños tiene una buena respuesta a tratamiento médico o remisión espontánea y buen pronóstico en el largo plazo; se agrupan aquí las formas idiopáticas ya sea generalizadas como focales. Un grupo menor, pero no menos importante, es refractario a fármacos antiepilépticos, destacando las Encefalopatías Epilépticas que implican un mal pronóstico neurológico y un grupo de pacientes refractarios que serán candidatos a otras alternativas de tratamiento, como cirugía de la Epilepsia. Se revisan los principales conceptos que subyacen a la actual clasificación de Síndromes Electroclínicos y Epilepsias de ILAE y las características de algunos síndromes electro-clínicos atendiendo a su frecuencia, relevancia de un diagnóstico preciso y aportes recientes de significación
Epilepsy is a common condition in the pediatric age, with age-dependent and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. A successful approach to treatment and prognosis requires the precise recognition of the diverse syndromes and epilepsies. Near 70% of pediatric epilepsies, especially de idiopathic focal and generalized syndromes, are responsive to medical treatment or have spontaneous remission and a positive longterm prognosis. A smaller but not less important group is refractory to antiepileptic drugs and will need other treatment options such as epilepsy surgery. Here we discuss the main concepts underlying the ILAE Classification of Electroclinical syndromes and Epilepsies and the characteristics of some syndromes attending to its frequency, relevance of precise diagnosis and recent advances.
•Morphology and histology of extrafloral nectaries on galls in Brazilian Cerrado.•Galls in Euphorbiaceae.•Weevil-plant interaction induce the overproduction of extrafloral nectaries on galls.
In the ...Brazilian Cerrado, Coelocephalapion weevils induce galls on the leaves of Croton antisyphiliticus (Euphorbiaceae). Gall induction results in dozens of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) being produced on the gall surface. This plant has a low number of EFNs at the margin of its healthy leaves. The interaction weevil-plant induces the overproduction of EFNs on the galls. The presence of glands on leaves and galls in the same plant is a rare condition in nature. We examined the EFNs on young and old leaves and on the surface of young and old galls, and described the trichomes and stomata on leaves and galls on C. antisyphiliticus. To measure the differences in structures we used digital photographs and standard scanning electron microscopy. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey tests were used to compare their number and size of EFNs. We found more EFNs on galls than on leaves. No stomata or trichomes were found on the EFNs surface. The size and shape of the secretory EFNs heads on leaves and galls were different. Trichome density was higher on young and mature galls than on leaves. Trichome secretory heads on leaves are concave, while those on galls are convex. The nuclei of the EFNs epidermal cells of the leaf blade margin occupy smaller areas than those of the petiole and young galls. This study highlights the potential of gall traits that might increase plant defense against galling insects through the overproduction of these glands.
Las epilepsias resistentes a fármacos son aquellas donde hay persistencia de crisis pese a un tratamiento farmacológico óptimo. En niños su tratamiento es diferente al de los adultos, ya que las ...crisis producen daños encefálicos irrecuperables en un cerebro en desarrollo, por lo que se recomienda plantearla cirugía lo más precoz posible en casos de epilepsia refractaria y con alternativa terapeútica quirúrgica, incluso aunque las crisis lleven pocos meses de evolución. Entre el 25 al 33% de los niños presentan epilepsias resistentes a fármacos y la mitad de ellos son candidatos para iniciar un estudio prequirúrgico. En Perú aproximadamente 650 niños al año necesitarían cirugía, pero solo se operan unos pocoscasos al año, si a esto agregamos los casos rezagados de los años anteriores, significa que hay miles de niños que esperan por una cirugía de la epilepsia. Este artículo revisa el estado del arte actual
Abstract Galls are atypical plant growths that provide nourishment, shelter, and protection to the inducer or its progeny. Fruit and flowers are poorly represented as host organs for galling insects. ...Our main question was: Do morphological traits, anatomical features and physiological characteristics differ between galled and healthy fruits of Parkinsonia praecox? Galled and healthy fruits of P. praecox were characterized in terms of morphological traits (length, diameter, thickness, water and biomass content); anatomical features (trichomes, stomatal and pavement cells), and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance, gs). We found that galled fruits were induced by Asphondylia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Thickness, diameter, and water content values of galled fruits were greater compared to healthy fruits. Length, biomass, and pavement cells density of healthy fruits were higher. The density of trichomes on galled fruits was higher, while the stomatal density and pavement cell size were not statistically different between galled and healthy fruits. Furthermore, the gs rates of galled fruits were almost 3 times higher than in healthy fruits. Incidence of galls on fruits on P. praecox modified the original morphology and anatomy of healthy fruits that stimulate physiological mechanisms to increase the water continuum from the host plant to the gall.
PDF
