In this report, Ebola virus was cultured from aqueous humor 14 weeks after disease onset and 9 weeks after resolution of viremia, a finding that indicates the potential for delayed clearance of the ...virus from immune-privileged sites.
The current outbreak of EVD is believed to have begun in December 2013.
1
As of April 26, 2015, a total of 26,312 cases of EVD (including 10,899 deaths) had been reported in six countries in West Africa (i.e., Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal), the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain.
2
The outbreak has also resulted in the largest number of EVD survivors in history.
Among survivors of EVD, late complications that include ocular disease can develop during convalescence.
3
,
4
However, few systematic studies have been conducted on post-EVD sequelae, so the incidence and clinical manifestations of . . .
To provide a safe environment, behavioral health settings must adhere to “ligature-resistant” protocols for patients at risk of harm to themselves or others. However, certain bathroom ...ligature-resistant fixtures alter environmental controls, such as sinks and showerheads, and increase the risk of water-borne pathogens due to low water output settings, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary water management program. We describe how ligature-resistant water fixtures may have been associated with a possible case of hospital-associated Legionellosis.
•Ligature-resistant fixtures alter environmental controls and may increase risk of biofilms.•Patients at-risk from ligatures may also be at risk for infections like Legionella.•Legionella infections in behavior health settings may be under recognized.•Behavioral facilities should have a water management plan to reduce risk of Legionella.•Ligature risk mitigation and water management plans need not be mutually exclusive.
Exposure to influenza viruses is necessary, but not sufficient, for healthy human hosts to develop symptomatic illness. The host response is an important determinant of disease progression. In order ...to delineate host molecular responses that differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic Influenza A infection, we inoculated 17 healthy adults with live influenza (H3N2/Wisconsin) and examined changes in host peripheral blood gene expression at 16 timepoints over 132 hours. Here we present distinct transcriptional dynamics of host responses unique to asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. We show that symptomatic hosts invoke, simultaneously, multiple pattern recognition receptors-mediated antiviral and inflammatory responses that may relate to virus-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, asymptomatic subjects tightly regulate these responses and exhibit elevated expression of genes that function in antioxidant responses and cell-mediated responses. We reveal an ab initio molecular signature that strongly correlates to symptomatic clinical disease and biomarkers whose expression patterns best discriminate early from late phases of infection. Our results establish a temporal pattern of host molecular responses that differentiates symptomatic from asymptomatic infections and reveals an asymptomatic host-unique non-passive response signature, suggesting novel putative molecular targets for both prognostic assessment and ameliorative therapeutic intervention in seasonal and pandemic influenza.
Treatment of Ebola virus disease is a tremendous challenge for both the patient and the care team. In this report, two patients with EVD were evacuated from Liberia and successfully treated with ...fluid and electrolyte support and other therapies at Emory University Hospital.
The largest outbreak of EVD in history began in December 2013 in Guinea, a country in West Africa.
1
By late March, Liberia had reported seven cases. By the end of May, the epidemic had spread to Sierra Leone. As of November 5, 2014, a total of 13,042 cases of EVD (including 4818 deaths) had been reported in six countries in West Africa (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal), the United States, and Spain.
2
EVD causes a nonspecific febrile illness associated with myalgia, with progression to gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). In the second week of . . .
New Lineage of Lassa Virus, Togo, 2016 Whitmer, Shannon L M; Strecker, Thomas; Cadar, Daniel ...
Emerging infectious diseases,
03/2018, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We describe a strain of Lassa virus representing a putative new lineage that was isolated from a cluster of human infections with an epidemiologic link to Togo. This finding extends the known range ...of Lassa virus to Togo.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is associated with elevated cytokine levels, and hypercytokinemia is more pronounced in fatal cases. This type of hyperinflammatory state is reminiscent of 2 rheumatologic ...disorders known as macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which are characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation. An evaluation of 2 cohorts of patients with EVD revealed that a marker of macrophage activation (sCD163) but not T-cell activation (sCD25) was associated with severe and fatal EVD. Furthermore, substantial immunoreactivity of host tissues to a CD163-specific antibody, predominantly in areas of extensive immunostaining for Ebola virus antigens, was observed in fatal cases. These data suggest that host macrophage activation contributes to EVD pathogenesis and that directed antiinflammatory therapies could be beneficial in the treatment of EVD.
Background. The current West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has resulted in multiple individuals being medically evacuated to other countries for clinical management. Methods. We report ...two patients who were transported from West Africa to the United States for treatment of EVD. Both patients received aggressive supportive care measures, as well as an investigational therapeutic (TKM-100802) and convalescent plasma. Results. While one patient experienced critical illness with multi-organ failure requiring mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, both patients recovered without serious long-term sequelae to date. Conclusions. It is unclear what role the experimental drug and convalescent plasma had in the recovery of these patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of investigational therapies in the care of patients with EVD.
Two patients with Lassa fever are described who are the first human cases treated with a combination of ribavirin and favipiravir. Both patients survived but developed transaminitis and had prolonged ...detectable virus RNA in blood and semen, suggesting that the possibility of sexual transmission of Lassa virus should be considered.
We investigated the duration of Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA and infectious EBOV in semen specimens of 5 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors. EBOV RNA and infectious EBOV was detected by real-time RT-PCR ...and virus culture out to 290 days and 70 days, respectively, after EVD onset.
PDF
