Introduction
PTSD manifestation is determined by facing extreme life threatening experience going beyond our stress coping skills. The diagnosis of the serious illness like cancer or SARS-2 COVID 19 ...can be considered as one of the PTSD risk factors. In our clinical practice we have to distinguish the patients groups vulnerable to comorbid PTSD as well as define the psychological factors like good life hardiness, adaptive internal illness image or specific personality profile that can help to cope with disease stress and should be strengthen with psychosocial interventions.
Objectives
After screening with PTSD Trauma Screening Questionnaire and an expert clinical interview aimed to verify the PTSD diagnosis according to ICD-10 criteria 97 breast cancer patients were enrolled in the study, 46 with comorbid PTSD, 51 well coped with stress
Methods
Semi-structured interview, Hardiness Survey questionnaire,Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) Adult Attachment questionnaire,Impact of Event Scale-R – IES-R, the questionnaire of the internal disease model, Ego-structure test by G. Ammon(ISTA),.
Results
The correlation analysis revealed negative correlation between PTSD diagnosis and hardiness, especially its Involvement, Control, Risk acceptance sub-scales and with the Traumatic event impact score. Deficient-destructive ISTA personality profile had a positive correlation with PTSD and traumatic Impact scores, the strongest correlation were with deficient aggression(r=0,698, p=0.01), destructive anxiety (r=0,674, p=0,01), and deficient internal and external demarcation (r=0,678, p=0,01). The adaptive internal illness image types had a negative correlation with PTSD
Conclusions
Hardiness, maladaptive illness images types and destructive-deficient personality dimension should be the main targets for psychotherapy in comorbid PTSD treatment and prevention
Keyword
life hardiness ptsd breast cancer internal image of the illness construct anxiety social support
The marine drug histochrome is a special natural antioxidant. The active substance of the drug is echinochrome A (Ech A, 7-ethyl-2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the most abundant ...quinonoid pigment in sea urchins. The medicine is clinically used in cardiology and ophthalmology based on the unique properties of Ech A, which simultaneously block various links of free radical reactions. In the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of histochrome in various disease models without adverse effects. Here, we review the data on the various clinical effects and modes of action of Ech A in ophthalmic, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases.
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process by which endothelial cells (ECs) transition into mesenchymal cells (e.g., myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) and induce fibrosis of ...cells/tissues, due to ischemic conditions in the heart. Previously, we reported that echinochrome A (EchA) derived from sea urchin shells can modulate cardiovascular disease by promoting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; however, the mechanism underlying these effects was unclear. We investigated the role of EchA in the EndMT process by treating human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) with TGF-β2 and IL-1β, and confirmed the regulation of cell migration, inflammatory, oxidative responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we developed an EndMT-induced myocardial infarction (MI) model to investigate the effect of EchA in vivo. After EchA was administered once a day for a total of 3 days, the histological and functional improvement of the myocardium was investigated to confirm the control of the EndMT. We concluded that EchA negatively regulates early or inflammation-related EndMT and reduces the myofibroblast proportion and fibrosis area, meaning that it may be a potential therapy for cardiac regeneration or cardioprotection from scar formation and cardiac fibrosis due to tissue granulation. Our findings encourage the study of marine bioactive compounds for the discovery of new therapeutics for recovering ischemic cardiac injuries.
Echinochrome A (EchA), a marine bioactive pigment isolated from various sea urchin species, is the active agent of the clinically approved drug Histochrome
. EchA is currently only available in the ...form of an isotonic solution of its di- and tri-sodium salts due to its poor water solubility and sensitivity to oxidation. Electrospun polymeric nanofibers have lately emerged as promising drug carriers capable of improving the dissolution and bioavailability of drugs with limited water solubility. In the current study, EchA isolated from sea urchins of the genus
collected at the island of Kastellorizo was incorporated in electrospun micro-/nanofibrous matrices composed of polycaprolactone and polyvinylpyrrolidone in various combinations. The physicochemical properties of the micro-/nanofibers were characterized using SEM, FT-IR, TGA and DSC analyses. The fabricated matrices exhibited variable dissolution/release profiles of EchA, as evidenced in in vitro experiments using gastrointestinal-like fluids (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8). Ex vivo permeability studies using the EchA-loaded micro-/nanofibrous matrices showed an increased permeation of EchA across the duodenum barrier. The results of our study clearly show that electrospun polymeric micro-/nanofibers represent promising carriers for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations with controlled release, as well as increased stability and solubility of EchA, suitable for oral administration, while offering the potential for targeted delivery.
The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antioxidant and antiviral activities of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) ...and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol (5:5:1), showed higher antioxidant and antiviral effects than echinochrome A. We suppose that echinochrome A and its composition can both directly affect virus particles and indirectly enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms in the hosting cell. The obtained results allow considering the echinochrome A and the composition of antioxidants on its basis as the promising agents with the both antioxidant and antiviral activities.
Abnormal sulfide catabolism, especially the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H
S) during hypoxic or inflammatory stresses, is a major cause of redox imbalance-associated cardiac dysfunction. ...Polyhydroxynaphtoquinone echinochrome A (Ech-A), a natural pigment of marine origin found in the shells and needles of many species of sea urchins, is a potent antioxidant and inhibits acute myocardial ferroptosis after ischemia/reperfusion, but the chronic effect of Ech-A on heart failure is unknown. Reactive sulfur species (RSS), which include catenated sulfur atoms, have been revealed as true biomolecules with high redox reactivity required for intracellular energy metabolism and signal transduction. Here, we report that continuous intraperitoneal administration of Ech-A (2.0 mg/kg/day) prevents RSS catabolism-associated chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Ech-A prevented left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and structural remodeling after MI. Fluorescence imaging revealed that intracellular RSS level was reduced after MI, while H
S/HS
level was increased in LV myocardium, which was attenuated by Ech-A. This result indicates that Ech-A suppresses RSS catabolism to H
S/HS
in LV myocardium after MI. In addition, Ech-A reduced oxidative stress formation by MI. Ech-A suppressed RSS catabolism caused by hypoxia in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Ech-A also suppressed RSS catabolism caused by lipopolysaccharide stimulation in macrophages. Thus, Ech-A has the potential to improve chronic heart failure after MI, in part by preventing sulfide catabolism.
Introduction
Vaccination has proved to be an effective tool in decreasing infectious diseases incidence and their mortality rate. Negative public vaccine attitude can significantly undermine efforts ...to combat the pandemic that makes vaccine hesitancy one of the WHO main concerns
Objectives
Examination of the relationships in population between vaccine attributes and COVID-19 personal experience, social and demographic characteristics
Methods
Cohort cross-sectional study of the population attitude to vaccination against coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed online during the first 2 months of mass vaccination in Russia, using the special designed questionnaire assessing social demographic variables, COVID-19 related factors, and preferable sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines. 4977 participants in the age from 18 to 81 years were enrolled in the study to vaccination against coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed online during the first 2 months of mass vaccination in Russia, using the special designed questionnaire assessing social demographic variables, COVID-19 related factors, and preferable sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines .
Results
34.2% of respondents consider vaccination useful. 31.1% ‑ doubt its effectiveness. 9.9% ‑ consider vaccination unnecessary. 12.2% ‑ dangerous. indifference to vaccination was formed in 7.4% of respondents. They indicated that they do not plan to be vaccinated. 32.3%. postpones their decision until more remote data on the results and effectiveness of vaccination are obtained ‑ 34.0%. were vaccinated at the time of the study ‑ 11.6%.
Conclusions
Attitude towards vaccination depends on age, gender, education, fear of possible complications, coronaphobia. Young people are less focused on vaccination than middle-aged and older people.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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•Stable liposomes non-covalently modified with pyrrolidinium amphiphiles were obtained.•Fabricated liposomes have been used for encapsulation of meloxicam and ketoprofen.•Liposomal ...ketoprofen and meloxicam were tested for transdermal delivery in vitro.•In vivo assay approved liposomal ketoprofen as effective inflammation reducing agent.
New liposomes modified with pyrrolidinium surfactants containing a hydroxyethyl fragment (CnPB, n = 12, 14, 16) were prepared for transdermal delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to obtain the optimal composition, the surfactant/lipid molar ratio (0.02/1; 0.029/1; 0.04/1) and the amphiphile hydrocarbon tail length were varied. Rhodamine B was loaded in all formulations, while meloxicam and ketoprofen in selected ones. For liposomes studied the hydrodynamic diameter was in the range of 80–130 nm, the zeta potential ranged from +35 to +50 mV, EE was 75–99%. Liposome modification leads to a prolonged release of the rhodamine B (up to 10–12 h) and faster release of non-steroidal drugs (up to 7–8 h) in vitro. The ability to cross the skin barrier using Franz cells was investigated for liposomal meloxicam and ketoprofen. The total amount of meloxicam and ketoprofen passed through the Strat-M® membranes during 51 h was 51–114 μg/cm2 and 87–105 μg/cm2 respectively. The evaluation of transdermal diffusion ex vivo showed that total amount of liposomal ketoprofen passed through the skin during 51 h was 140–162 μg/cm2. Liposomes modified with C16PB were found as the most effective inflammation reducing formulation in the carrageenan edema model of rat paw.
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline from
, exhibits antitumor activity against various cancers. However, doxorubicin is cardiotoxic at cumulative doses, causing increases in intracellular reactive oxygen ...species in the heart. Spinochrome D (SpD) has a structure of 2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and is a structural analogue of well-known sea urchin pigment echinochrome A. We previously reported that echinochrome A is cardioprotective against doxorubicin toxicity. In the present study, we assessed the cardioprotective effects of SpD against doxorubicin and determined the underlying mechanism. ¹H-NMR-based metabolomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics were utilized to characterize the metabolites and proteins induced by SpD in a human cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Multivariate analyses identified 12 discriminating metabolites (variable importance in projection > 1.0) and 1814 proteins from SpD-treated AC16 cells. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses showed that glutathione metabolism was significantly influenced by SpD treatment in AC16 cells. SpD treatment increased ATP production and the oxygen consumption rate in D-galactose-treated AC16 cells. SpD protected AC16 cells from doxorubicin cytotoxicity, but it did not affect the anticancer properties. With SpD treatment, the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium localization were significantly different between cardiomyocytes and cancer cell lines. Our findings suggest that SpD could be cardioprotective against the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin.
Post-menopausal dry mouth or xerostomia is caused by reduced salivary secretion. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of echinochrome A (Ech A) in alleviating submandibular gland dysfunctions ...in ovariectomized rats that mimic menopause. Female rats that were eight-weeks-old were randomly divided into SHAM-6, -12; OVX-6, -12; and ECH-6, -12 groups (consisting of 6- and 12-weeks post-sham-operated, ovariectomized, and Ech A-treated ovariectomized rats, respectively). The ECH groups had lower body weight than OVX but similar food intake and estradiol or estrogen receptor β expression. However, the ECH groups had lower mRNA expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (
), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (
), fatty acid synthase (
), cluster of differentiation 36 (
), and lipid vacuole deposition than OVX mice. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron accumulation were lower in the ECH than in the OVX groups. Fibrosis markers, transforming growth factor β (
and
) increased in the OVX than SHAM groups but decreased in the ECH groups. Aquaporin (
and
) and mucin expressions were downregulated in the OVX groups but improved with Ech A. In addition, Ech A prevented post-menopausal salivary gland dysfunction by inhibiting lipogenesis and ferroptosis. These findings suggest Ech A as an effective remedy for treating menopausal dry mouth.
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