Protected territories have great potential for nature-based forms of tourism. These specific forms of tourism have also been considered as a tool for developing sustainable forms of tourism. ...Therefore, they have been a subject of scientific research in recent years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tourist functions of the Shumen Plateau Nature Park in North-East Bulgaria. It is among the small natural parks in terms of area, but it is a valuable natural site among the vast, highly anthropogenically modified territory of the eastern part of the Danube plain. By using the survey method, the study determines the overall recognition of the area and analyzes the visitor's opinions regarding the tourist use of the park territory. According to the results of this study the Shumen Plateau Nature Park has potential for protection and management of natural processes and, in parallel, an opportunity for the development of sustainable tourism and the implementation of ecological-educational and tourist programs. Visitors are well aware of the possibilities for tourism and sports, while they do not take advantage of all possibilities, but only the ones that are a priority for them. 100% of respondents answer positively when asked "Would you visit the Shumen Plateau again?". Further research could combine more innovative and mixed methodologies to broaden the research interest.
Bulgaria has an abundance of diverse anthropogenic tourist resources. Although it occupies less than 2% of the area of Europe, more than 40,000 historical monuments are registered in the country. ...Apart from the generous cultural and historical heritage, the country also has attractive modern sites. Tourist resources should not be taken for granted. They can be valuable and effective only with proper management. The main goal of the study is to analyze the administration, management and supervision of anthropogenic tourist resources in Bulgaria. The research considers the subjects, the normative regulation, as well as the techniques through which the management process of the anthropogenic tourist resources in Bulgaria is carried out. The iztitutions responsible for the management are the Ministry of tourism, the Ministry of culture, the National institute for immovable cultural heritage (NIICH), tourist associations, non-governmental organizations, etc. Laws, regulations, plans, programs, strategies, conventions and other normative documents occupy an important place in the management process. Determinants in thisrespect are the Law of cultural monuments and museums, the Law of cultural heritage, as well as the Strategy for sustainable development of tourism in Bulgaria (2014 - 2030). The techniques applied in the management of anthropogenic tourist resources are valorization, zoning, capacity control, concession granting, etc.
Abstract
Background and Aims
Catheter-associated infections (CAIs) and thrombosis (CAT) are the most common complications, associated with the use of tunneled catheters for hemodialysis. The ...incidence of infections is about 1.8-6.5/1000 catheter-days, and thromboses are the main cause of catheter dysfunction and loss of vascular access in 30-40% of patients. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of these complications in patients in whom we used prophylactic “locking” of their tunneled catheters.
Method
The patients included in the study signed an Informed Consent (№29.06.2021) approved by the Research Ethics Committee at MU-Pleven. The study was conducted in the period 01.10.2021 - 31.03.2022, a total of six months. The study included 23 men and 22 women with an average age of 60.82 (+/-13,629) years, and the age difference between the three groups can be considered insignificant (P = .046). All patients had tunneled catheters placed >3 months ago (mean duration was 714 +/- 247 catheter-days) as the only vascular access for hemodialysis treatment. After a clinical examination and a negative result of two blood cultures, the patients were randomly divided into three groups of 15 (fifteen) people each, a total of 45 (forty-five) participants: group A – locking the catheter only with TauroLock™ (Tauropharm, Waldbüttelbrunn, Germany), group B – locking with gentamicin (10 mg/ml) and heparin (1250 IU/ml) and group C – locking with TauroLock™ for three months, then – with heparin and gentamicin for the next three months of the study. Patients were monitored for the major complications of catheter-related infection (CRI) and catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). All data was statistically processed with Statgraphics 19.
Results
The median duration for tunneled catheters was 8,105 catheter-days (CD). One complication was reported in each of the three groups: group A – one case of CRI, groups B and C – one case of CRT each. No cases of catheter-associated bloodstream infection, requiring prolonged treatment and catheter thrombosis, requiring replacement of the tunneled catheter were reported. Reported costs for patients treated with TauroLock™ were calculated at 3 EUR/each dialysis session, and for patients treated with gentamicin and heparin – 0.88 EUR/dialysis session.
Conclusion
The data from our study unequivocally support the thesis that locking the catheter with a solution containing TauroLock™ is comparable to the effect of locking the catheter with a solution containing an antibiotic and anticoagulant. In the short term, the difference in the price of medicines is significant, but it does not exceed the potential losses of public funds in the medium and long term. We recommend the use of a similar prophylactic regimen in all patients with tunneled catheters as the only possible vascular access for hemodialysis or with an expected duration of use greater than ninety days.
Purpose: Catheter-related infections and thrombosis are the most common complications associated with the use of tunneled hemodialysis catheters. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence ...of these complications in patients who underwent "locking" of their tunneled catheters and compare the cost of different options with their effect. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the period 01.10.2021 - 31.03.2022. Twenty-three men and twenty-two women with a mean age of 60.82 (+/-13.629) years were randomly divided into three groups of 15 (fifteen) people each. Group A – catheter locking with TauroLock™ only, group B – with gentamicin and heparin; group C – with TauroLock™ for three months, then with heparin and gentamicin for the next three months. Results: The median duration for tunneled catheters was 8,105 catheter-days. One complication was reported in each of the three groups. Reported costs for patients treated with TauroLock™ were calculated at 3 EUR/each dialysis session and for patients treated with gentamicin and heparin – 0.88 EUR/dialysis session. Conclusion: The data from our study unequivocally support the thesis that locking the catheter with a TauroLock™ is comparable to the effect of the solution containing an antibiotic and anticoagulant.
The Stara planina tourist region is one of the most attractive regions for tourism in Bulgaria and one of the few that have almost year-round tourist activities. The outline of the area includes the ...mountain of the same name, but also the Pre-Balkan. This fact predetermines the exceptional richness and diversity of natural tourist resources. Here are some of the largest broad-leaved forests in the country, waterfalls, bizarre rock formations, etc. The relatively well-preserved natural environment is a prerequisite for the presence of exceptional biodiversity, as well as a significant number of protected areas. The region is specialized mainly in mountain tourism, including recreation, mountain trekking, rural and ecotourism. Due to the scarce tourist infrastructure, ski tourism still lags behind in its development compared to other mountain regions in the country. Very often, the Stara planina Region is primarily identified with its cultural and historical heritage, while its natural features remain in the background. Regardless of this, and as a result of the more intense tourist load, the problem of protecting natural tourist resources from the growing anthropogenic pressure is gaining special relevance. There is also an urgent need to identify and evaluate the prospects for sustainable development of the tourism industry in the region.
The purpose of the present study is to valorize the natural tourist resources of the Stara planina tourist region and to provide guidelines for their sustainable use.
The purpose of this publication is to examine the current state and dynamics of passenger traffic between Bulgaria and North Macedonia and to mark the prospects in the context of tourism. The authors ...use statistical data, as well as publications of researchers and institutions directly or indirectly related to the problem at hand. Along with this, the text also focuses on cross-border cooperation between the two countries in the field of tourism as a convenient tool for promoting economic development and inclusion to the European idea. Main emphasis in this cooperation can be placed in several directions: joint projects for the implementation of common specialized routes; development in the field of advertising in the digital environment by promoting the destinations by journalists and bloggers; exchange of good practices.
Bulgaria is a country with an extremely diverse nature. Unlike a number of European countries, Bulgarian nature is relatively well preserved. For the purposes of its protection, a network of ...protected areas was created, which occupy 5.3% of the country’s territory. Bulgaria also participates in a number of international initiatives, which put about 1/3 of the territory of Bulgaria under protection of the natural environment. According to the Protected areas Act in Bulgaria, 6 categories are distinguished - national parks, natural parks, reserves, maintained reserves, protected localities, natural attractions. Among them, important resources for the development of tourism are national parks, natural parks, protected localities and natural attractions. They represent unique sites for the development of alternative forms of tourism such as ecological, cultural-cognitive, route-cognitive tourism, etc. On the other hand, reserves and maintained reserves prohibit tourism activities. The network of protected areas is unevenly developed throughout the country. It is better represented in the mountainous areas, and in the plain parts of the country it is more limited due to the strong anthropogenic changes and the pressure from various human activities. In connection with the preserved nature, the mountains are preferred sites for tourism. The contribution of the protected areas in this regard is significant.
Stara planina tourist region is among the country’s tourist areas with well-defined mountainous characteristics. This is an important prerequisite both for the preservation of nature and for the formation of a suitable environment for recreation and tourism, and the mentioned directions are mutually bound.
The purpose of this article is to valorize the protected areas in Stara Planina tourist region and to highlight the possibilities for their current and future use for the development of tourism.
Humanity continues to degrade natural capital, threatening its long-term sustainability. This more and more categorically imposes the need to create a specific green infrastructure - a response to ...the natural solutions to the accumulating problems (environmental pollution, floods, natural disasters and cataclysms). The failure of decisions to pay sufficient attention to ecological consequences and to apply systematic measures of high quality are among the main reasons for the current situation in most ecosystems. The fast-paced and highly mechanized way of life of modern man creates the illusion of remoteness from the natural world. Yet all human activity depends entirely on ecosystems and their functions and at the same time has (threatening) impacts on them. Therefore, the achievement of greater efficiency in the use of natural resources and the creation of suitable ecological living conditions are critically important goals both for Europe and for the whole world. Green Infrastructure (GI) is a successfully tested tool for providing environmental, economic and social benefits through environmentally sound solutions. Such a tool helps to understand the values provided by nature to human society and mobilizes investments for their maintenance and growth.
Mountain tourism in Bulgaria Vasileva, Vanya
Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society,
04/2019, Letnik:
40
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mountains are one of the most attractive tourist forms for tourism. Bulgaria has over 30 mountains. It fall entirely or partially on it teritory. Tourism practiced in the mountains is generally ...referred as mountain tourism. This conception includs various of tourism activities practiced in mountain conditions. The aim of this paper is to expose specifics in the current state of tourism in the Bulgarian mountains. It is maked overview of the main types of tourism practiced in mountain conditions and specifics in the mountainous tourist infrastructure and superstructure. Bulgarian mountains are typed according to their degree of utilization for the needs of tourism.
Finland is a northern country with a significant and unique tourist resource potential. This is a country of lakes, white nights, the northern lights. Finland is one of the few places in Europe with ...a relatively well preserved natural environment. In addition, the country is characterized by very good values of socio-economic development indicators, which affect the tourism industry too. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of tourism in Finland, to highlight its place in international tourism, and to outline likely prospects for its future development as a tourist destination. The object of the study is Finland. The subject of the survey is tourism-resource potential and the tourism industry in the country.
