Abstract Cell delivery to the infarcted heart has emerged as a promising therapy, but is limited by very low acute retention and engraftment of cells. The objective of this study was to compare a ...panel of biomaterials to evaluate if acute retention can be improved with a biomaterial carrier. Cells were quantified post-implantation in a rat myocardial infarct model in five groups ( n = 7–8); saline injection (current clinical standard), two injectable hydrogels (alginate, chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (chitosan/ß-GP)) and two epicardial patches (alginate, collagen). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were delivered to the infarct border zone with each biomaterial. At 24 h, retained cells were quantified by fluorescence. All biomaterials produced superior fluorescence to saline control, with approximately 8- and 14-fold increases with alginate and chitosan/β-GP injectables, and 47 and 59-fold increases achieved with collagen and alginate patches, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis qualitatively confirmed these findings. All four biomaterials retained 50–60% of cells that were present immediately following transplantation, compared to 10% for the saline control. In conclusion, all four biomaterials were demonstrated to more efficiently deliver and retain cells when compared to a saline control. Biomaterial-based delivery approaches show promise for future development of efficient in vivo delivery techniques.
For many years internal exposure to radon has been the main contributor to the annual dose to the population. The paper presents results of a hygienic assessment of doses and health risks for ...students (pupils) and employees of several educational institutions of the Leningrad region due to exposure to radon and its progeny, and also suggests the protocol for conducting measurements of indoor radon concentration in existing operated public buildings. Individual annual effective doses to students (pupils) and employees due to exposure to radon while in the building of an educational institution calculated on the basis of the results of instant measurements of radon EEC obtained in the normal operation mode of buildings ranged from 0.1 to 3.7 mSv/year for different institutions. However, calculation on the basis of the results of long-term measurements of radon concentration resulted in the dose values up to 10 times higher (from 0.2 to 22.9 mSv/year). Moreover, calculation on the basis of the results of instant measurements of radon EEC after leaving the premises for 12 hours with closed windows and doors according to the requirements of paragraph 6.5 of MU 2.6.1.2838-11 resulted in the dose values up to 7 times higher (from 0.1 to 13.5 mSv/year). Nevertheless, these high dose values do not reflect the real exposure scenario. According to the classification established in sanitary rules and norms OSPORB 99/2010, the exposure of students (pupils) and employees of several educational institutions can be classified as “increased” (from 5 to 10 mSv/year) or as “high” (more than 10 mSv/year) depending on methods and approaches to measuring indoor radon concentration. The average individual lifetime risk of radoninduced lung cancer death (based on the results of instant measurements of radon EEC obtained in the normal operation mode of buildings) for students (pupils) and employees of surveyed educational institutions ranged from 1.6∙10–4 to 1.4∙10–3. However, the usage of the results obtained with other methods and approaches to measuring indoor radon concentration, as a rule, did not lead to a significant increase in risk value, but in some cases it led to a change in the risk level category. The results of the assessment can be used to improve the method for indoor radon concentration monitoring in existing operated public buildings in the Russian Federation, which in turn will make it possible to obtain correct values of public doses and health risks.
There are practically no direct techniques for measuring radon entry rate in the rooms. The suggested technique allows estimating such parameter under real conditions. The technique for radon ...diagnostic procedures including radon entry rate and air change rate assessment was proposed and tested in the field under various experimental conditions.
The method consists of the continuous measurement of radon concentration, temperature and pressure difference between indoor and outdoor atmosphere. It was demonstrated that the study of dependence of radon entry rate on temperature difference ΔT between indoor and outdoor atmosphere allows to estimate the dominant radon entry mechanism – diffusion mechanism (absence of the dependence on ΔT) or convective (radon entry rate increase at ΔT increase). It was shown that simultaneous measurements of time series of radon concentration and pressure difference between building envelope and outdoor atmosphere allow assessing such room parameter as Effective Leakage Area.
The approach applied in this paper to estimate the air change rate practically is not differing from tracer gas techniques when the constant gas entry rate is used. It was shown that radon could be used as kind of tracer gas to estimate the air change rate.
Obtained measurement results for all buildings confirmed the seasonal variations of radon concentrations. A correlation of radon concentration and air change rate with outside temperature occurred in general.
•Technique of the assessment of radon entry rate in the room is developed.•Continuous measurements of radon concentration and temperature difference are used.•Technique allows estimating the dominant radon entry mechanism: diffusion/advective.•The dominance of diffusion radon entry is demonstrated for some of the rooms.•Dependence of the effective leakage area on temperature difference are demonstrated.
During the drought season agronomic crops get into a critical situation when a lack of moisture and nutritional chemicals can result in plant wilting and crop loss. To prevent the following ...situation, it is proposed to apply liquid ameliorants in the process of subsurface tillage which can accumulate moisture in a soil. The introduction of ameliorants offered to carry out work on liquid ameliorants directly into the root soil layer, to create favorable conditions for the development of the plant. Also, when making soil ameliorants preventing the leaching of their streams generated from rainfall and meltwater. Experimental studies have shown that zero tillage with simultaneous application of liquid ameliorants (in the process of experiment was used urea-ammonium nitrate) can increase soil moisture at cultivation depth from 22 to 47%. Moisture of the soil was determined in two months after cultivation and applying of liquid ameliorants according to the National Standard 28268-89 "Soils. Methods of moisture determination, maximum hydroscopic moisture and permanent wilting coefficient of plants". In this case, received values of filtration filters and soil porosity show qualitative soil cultivation for crop growing.
Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in protecting the body against infections. MPO products–hypohalous acids and phenoxyl radicals–are strong oxidants that can damage not only ...foreign intruders but also host tissues, including blood plasma proteins. Here, we compared the MPO-induced oxidation of two plasma proteins with antioxidant properties–human serum albumin (HSA) and ceruloplasmin (CP). Incubation of both proteins with hypochlorite (NaOCl) or catalytically active MPO (MPO + H
2
O
2
), which synthesizes hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions, resulted in the quenching of protein tryptophan fluorescence. Oxidation-induced changes in the structures of HSA and CP were different. HSA efficiently neutralized MPO-generated oxidants without protein aggregation, while CP oxidation resulted in the formation of large aggregates stabilized by strong covalent bonds between the aromatic amino acid residues. Tyrosine is present in the plasma as free amino acid and also as a component of the polypeptide chains of the proteins. The number of tyrosine residues in a protein does not determine its propensity for aggregate formation. In the case of C P, protein aggregation was primarily due to the high content of tryptophan residues in its polypeptide chain. MPO-dependent oxidation of free tyrosine results in the formation of tyrosyl radicals, that do not oxidize aromatic amino acid residues in proteins because of the high rate of recombination with dityrosine formation. At the same time, free tyrosine can influence MPO-induced protein oxidation due to its ability to modulate HOCl synthesis in the MPO active site.
Classification of Atomization Devices Yu Vasilyev, A; Domrina, E S; Kaufman, S V ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
11/2019, Letnik:
1359, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Analysis of a great number of works allows concluding that many types of GTE and GTU nozzles can be divided into 3 main groups and 3 intermediate (composite) groups. The developed general ...classification of atomizers with descriptions of their operating principles, advantages and disadvantages is used to select a type of device for development. The most promising type chosen from descriptions given in the paper is the one with atomization of fuel by high-speed air flow.
Reaction of linear conjugated enynones, 1,5-diarylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ones Ar
C≡CCH=CHC(=O)Ar
, with 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile (NCCH
COPh) in the presence of sodium methoxide MeONa as a base in MeOH ...at room temperature for 4-26 h affords polyfunctional δ-diketones as a product of regioselective Michael addition to the double carbon-carbon bond of starting enynones. The δ-diketones have been formed as mixtures of two diastereomers in a ratio of 2.5:1 in good general yields of 53-98%. A synthetic potential of the obtained δ-diketones has been demonstrated by heterocyclization with hydrazine into substututed 5,6-dihydro-4
-1,2-diazepine.
Currently
,
there is no methodological support for radiation monitoring and sanitary and epidemiological assessment of radon concentration (or radon EEC) and other parameters of the radiation ...situation in existing operated buildings. The paper presents a review of the protocols for conducting measurements of indoor
Leningrad region with previously found elevated levels of radon concentration using long-term measurements. The survey revealed that highest values of indoor radon ECC were obtained using instant measurements in several educational institutions both in the normal operation mode of the buildings (up to 1106 Bq/m
3
)
and after leaving the premises for 12 hours with closed windows and doors (up to 1586 Bq/m
3
) according to the requirements of paragraph 6.5 of MU 2.6.1.2838-11. High values of radon concentration were also obtained using long-term and short-term measurements (up to 4900 and 1420 Bq/m
3
,
respectively). In addition, high values of radon flux density were detected (up to 2030 mBq/(m
2
·s)). The established hygienic norms for ambient dose equivalent rate indoors and outdoors were not exceeded in the surveyed educational institutions. The levels of gross alphaand beta activities in tap water sampled from the surveyed educational institutions were below the control levels, and an exceedance of intervention level for activity concentration of radon in analyzed samples was not detected. The results of the survey will be used for hygienic assessment of doses and health risks for students (pupils) and employees of several educational institutions of the Leningrad region due to exposure to radon and its progeny and can be used to improve the method for indoor radon concentration monitoring in existing operated public buildings in the Russian Federation, which in turn will make it possible to obtain correct values of public doses and health risks.
Photoelectron spectroscopy, especially at pulsed sources, is ultimately limited by the Coulomb interaction in the electron cloud, changing energy and angular distribution of the photoelectrons. A ...detailed understanding of this phenomenon is crucial for future pump-probe photoemission studies at (x-ray) free electron lasers and high-harmonic photon sources. Measurements have been performed for Ir(111) at h = 1000 eV with photon flux densities between ∼102 and 104 photons per pulse and m2 (beamline P04/PETRA III, DESY Hamburg), revealing space-charge induced energy shifts of up to 10 eV. In order to correct the essential part of the energy shift and restore the electron distributions close to the Fermi energy, we developed a semi-analytical theory for the space-charge effect in cathode-lens instruments (momentum microscopes, photoemission electron microscopes). The theory predicts a Lorentzian profile of energy isosurfaces and allows us to quantify the charge cloud from measured energy profiles. The correction is essential for the determination of the Fermi surface, as we demonstrate by means of 'k-space movies' for the prototypical high-Z material tungsten. In an energy interval of about 1 eV below the Fermi edge, the bandstructure can be restored up to substantial shifts of ∼7 eV. Scattered photoelectrons strongly enhance the inelastic background in the region several eV below EF, proving that the majority of scattering events involves a slow electron. The correction yields a gain of two orders of magnitude in usable intensity compared with the uncorrected case (assuming a tolerable shift of 250 meV). The results are particularly important for future experiments at SASE-type free electron lasers, since the correction also works for strongly fluctuating (but known) pulse intensities.
The subject. This article is devoted to the content of the principle of proportionality in disputes about the strict liability of football clubs for the behavior of spectators. The proportionality ...means that the sanction corresponds to the offense and it has two dimensions. Firstly, the more serious the offense is the higher the sanction should be. Secondly, proportionality protects sport from unreasonably low sanctions while the violation is serious.The purpose of the study is the content of the principle of proportionality: the use of related principles of sports jurisprudence, exceptional circumstances (mitigating and aggravating) in the practice of applying clubs` strict liability for spectators` behavior in UEFA competitions over the period 2007-2021. Liability without fault increases the value of investigating the factual circumstances of a dispute. The broad discretion of the bodies raises the question of the validity of the choice of aggravating circumstances or the refusal of mitigating circumstances. Therefore, the jurisdictional authority in each specific dispute must search for exceptional circumstances thereby fulfilling the principle of proportionality. The second important nuance of strict liability in the UEFA regulations is the difference in the interconnection between violations and sanctions. In some articles, the sanction is predetermined. It is possible to reduce such a sanction only in the presence of an exceptional circumstance and to increase it in the presence of an aggravating circumstance. Separately considered, in conjunction with the principle of proportionality, other principles: principles of predictability of sanctions, equal treatment, the precedent value of decisions on similar disputes (stare decisis).Methodology. The methodological basis of the stated research involves the generalization and analysis of the practice of two institutions of sports jurisprudence. Firstly, the jurisdictional bodies of UEFA are publicly available, as well as available to the author, but currently not available for free download on the UEFA website. Secondly, the relevant decisions of the Court of Arbitration for Sport are in the public domain. Turning to the approaches of law enforcement officers regarding the content of the principle of proportionality meant comparing positions that did not differ in inconsistency. As a result of the analysis of the practice were systematized and identified typical exceptional circumstances, unique exceptional circumstances, and specific enforcement of the principle of proportionality.The main results of research and the field of their application. The article examined the normative limits of sanctions in the UEFA Disciplinary Regulations; exceptional circumstances affecting the choice of sanction; search by the law enforcement officer of the content of exceptional circumstances; principles of predictability of sanctions, equal treatment, the precedent value of decisions on similar disputes (stare decisis) in connection with the verification of sanctions for proportionality. Compliance with the principle of proportionality, in this case, should protect the club from an unreasonably harsh and grossly disproportional sanction. Therefore, it is important to analyze the factual circumstances: which of them are mitigating and which are aggravating. In other categories of offenses, the sanction remains at the discretion of the jurisdictional authority. In such violations, the principle of proportionality takes on a special value. The more flexibility in the choice of sanction is, the higher is the risk of abuse by the jurisdictional bodes. UEFA`s enforcement practice is seeking exceptional circumstances that are not consistent enough to be predictable. Some consistency exists only concerning aggravating circumstances. There is an unreasonably strict approach to mitigating circumstances. The practice of CAS does not differ from the practice of UEFA in terms of strict liability compositions. The principle of proportionality in sports jurisprudence can be interconnected with other legal concepts. Such concepts are equal treatment, predictability, and so-called stare decisis.Conclusions. For the slightly undisputed observance of the principle of proportionality, several requirements must be fulfilled. First, analyze the factual circumstances to find exceptional circumstances among them. Secondly, always choose the minimum sanction in the absence of aggravating circumstances, since strict liability is a forced legal institution. Thirdly, indicate in the decisions what circumstances are mitigating, what aggravating circumstances have been established, and how they both affect the choice of a sanction. Fourth, use the previous decisions of the UEFA`s jurisdictional bodies and CAS of the strict liability offenses when the actual circumstances are close.
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