A method of tattoo removal using a precise partial thickness tangential excision of foreign body and dermis followed by dermal overgrafting with thin, split-thickness skin grafts is presented.
This study presents two-photon photoemission from a copper cathode in an X-band photoinjector. We experimentally verified that the electron bunch charge from photoemission out of a copper cathode ...scales with laser intensity (I) square for 400 nm wavelength photons. We compare this two-photon photoemission process with the single photon process at 266 nm. Despite the high reflectivity (R) of the copper surface for 400 nm photons (R=0.48) and higher thermal energy of photoelectrons (two-photon at 200 nm) compared to 266 nm photoelectrons, the quantum efficiency of the two-photon photoemission process (400 nm) exceeds the single-photon process (266 nm) when the incident laser intensity is above 300 GW/cm2. At the same laser pulse energy (E) and other experimental conditions, emitted charge scales inversely with the laser pulse duration. A thermal emittance of 2.7 mm-mrad per mm root mean square (rms) was measured on our cathode which exceeds by sixty percent larger compared to the theoretical predictions, but this discrepancy is similar to previous experimental thermal emittance on copper cathodes with 266 nm photons. The damage of the cathode surface of our first-generation X-band gun from both rf breakdowns and laser impacts mostly explains this result. Using a 400 nm laser can substantially simplify the photoinjector system, and make it an alternative solution for compact pulsed electron sources.
Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This work focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K{sub 2}CsSb. In-situ synchrotron ...x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K{sub 2}CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.
A simple method of creating nipple projection in flattened nipple-areola complexes is presented. The results required, on average, 14 months of follow-up, with very good projection and general ...appearance in all patients. This technique eliminates the unnecessary surgical gymnastics of other methods when obtaining nipple projection.
An operation is described for the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose when there is a deficiency of alar tissue with superior displacement of the alar maxillary junction. This method uses a ...full-thickness graft from the contralateral alar crease.
Palatal mucosal grafts are used to provide bulk and improve the contour of lip defects. Since the palatal grafts are markedly different in color, they must be placed behind the wet-dry mucosal line ...so that they cannot be easily seen at conversational distances. The contrast with the red vermilion is too great for this graft to be used as a cosmetic lip substitute, but when the graft is used as a living tissue expander in the posterior position, it improves subtle lip contours.
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