Avian influenza (AI) is one of the main threats to the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the virus ...hemagglutinin (HA) is the main component of any vaccine formulation. This study uses
to express the AIV HA protein of an H5 virus.
offers a system of feasible culture properties, generally recognized as safe for humans (GRAS), with N-glycosylation and nuclear transformation by
. The cloning and transformation of
cells with the H5HA gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed HA5r protein expression, and the correct expression and biological activity of the HA5r protein were confirmed by a hemagglutination assay (HA). This study proves the feasibility of using a different biological system for expressing complex antigens from viruses. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HA5r from AIV (H5N2) can be successfully expressed in
.
Avian influenza (AI) is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the principal ...focus is on the type of virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the proposed use of recombinant proteins of AI virus (AIV). The use of antigens produced in microalgae is a novel strategy for the induction of an immune response in the mucosal tissue. The capacity of the immune system in poultry, particularly in mucosa, plays an important role in the defense against pathogens. This system depends on a complex relationship between specialized cells and soluble factors, which confer protection against pathogens. Primary lymphoid organs (PLO), as well as lymphocytic aggregates (LA) such as the Harderian gland (HG) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), actively participate in a local immune response which is mainly secretory IgA (S-IgA). This study demonstrates the usefulness of subunit antigens for the induction of a local and systemic immune response in poultry via ocular application. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HAr from AIV (H5N2) can successfully induce increased local production of S-IgA and a specific systemic immune response in chickens.
Lactococcus lactis es una bacteria ácido-láctica de gran importancia para la industria de los alimentos. Es una cepa segura, y por tanto se han diseñado sistemas para la expresión de proteínas ...recombinantes de interés biotecnológico. Dentro de las proteínas con importancia biotecnológica se encuentra la bacteriocina thurincina H, esta tiene muchas características favorables para ser empleada como bioconservador en alimentos. Se ha reportado que necesita al menos nueve genes para su biosíntesis, dentro de estos están los genes thnRDE que brindan inmunidad a la cepa productora nativa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue integrar estos tres genes a la cepa L. lactis para hacerla resistente a thurincina H y poder producirla en un futuro. Para lograrlo, se clonaron los marcos abiertos de lectura (ORF, por sus siglas en inglés) de los genes thnRDE en un vector para L. lactis, y se transformaron en la cepa sensible. Se logró obtener una cepa de L. lactis resistente a thurincina H que podrá ser empleada para su producción heteróloga segura.
Avian influenza (AI) is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the principal ...focus is on the type of virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the proposed use of recombinant proteins of AI virus (AIV). The use of antigens produced in microalgae is a novel strategy for the induction of an immune response in the mucosal tissue. The capacity of the immune system in poultry, particularly in mucosa, plays an important role in the defense against pathogens. This system depends on a complex relationship between specialized cells and soluble factors, which confer protection against pathogens. Primary lymphoid organs (PLO), as well as lymphocytic aggregates (LA) such as the Harderian gland (HG) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), actively participate in a local immune response which is mainly secretory IgA (S-IgA). This study demonstrates the usefulness of subunit antigens for the induction of a local and systemic immune response in poultry via ocular application. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HAr from AIV (H5N2) can successfully induce increased local production of S-IgA and a specific systemic immune response in chickens.
Nowadays, there are several approaches reported to accomplish the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using bacterial and fungi supernatants or by-products generated by these microorganisms. ...Therefore, agars as solely reductive regents have started to be used in order to obtain metal nanoparticles. This paper shows the results of the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with different morphology, mainly triangular and truncated triangular, using Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar as reducing agent. To control the reaction process, the necessary activation energy for the reducer was provided by three different techniques: microwave radiation, using a domestic microwave oven, ultraviolet radiation, and heating on a conventional plate. The evolution of the reduction process and stability of the samples was performed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. Morphology was carefully analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A one step synthesis for gold and silver nanoparticles was optimized with an eco-friendly and economic process.
The demand for effective, low-cost vaccines increases research in next-generation biomanufacturing platforms and the study of new vaccine delivery systems (e.g., mucosal vaccines). Applied ...biotechnology in antigen production guides research toward developing genetic modification techniques in different biological models to achieve the expression of heterologous proteins. These studies are based on various transformation protocols, applied in prokaryotic systems such as Escherichia coli to eukaryotic models such as yeasts, insect cell cultures, animals, and plants, including a particular type of photosynthetic organisms: microalgae, demonstrating the feasibility of recombinant protein expression in these biological models. Microalgae are one of the recombinant protein expression models with the most significant potential and studies in the last decade. Unicellular photosynthetic organisms are widely diverse with biological and growth-specific characteristics. Some examples of the species with commercial interest are Chlamydomonas, Botryococcus, Chlorella, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, and Spirulina. The production of microalgae species at an industrial level through specialized equipment for this purpose allows for proposing microalgae as a basis for producing recombinant proteins at a commercial level. A specie with a particular interest in biotechnology application due to growth characteristics, composition, and protein production capacity is D. salina, which can be cultivated under industrial standards to obtain βcarotene of high interest to humans. D saline currently has advantages over other microalgae species, such as its growth in culture media with a high salt concentration which reduces the risk of contamination, rapid growth, generally considered safe (GRAS), recombinant protein biofactory, and a possible delivery vehicle for mucosal application. This review discusses the status of microalgae D. salina as a platform of expression of recombinant production for its potential mucosal application as a vaccine delivery system, taking an advance on the technology for its production and cultivation at an industrial level.
Pathogenic bacteria in food are a public health problem worldwide. Polyphenolic bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant capacity represent a tangible alternative to overcome ...this problem. To preserve the biological functions of phenolic compounds such as tannic acid, which has been described to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, this study describes the synthesis of a zinc nanohydroxide to stabilize its properties. Characterization by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, DLS, and UV-vis evidenced the presence of tannic acid in the nanohybrid TA-Zn-LHS which was further confirmed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant activity techniques. Bacterial growth inhibition of
Escherichia coli
ATCC 8739,
Salmonella
Enteritidis, and
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923 was over 80% at 50 mg/mL of the TA-Zn-LHS and over 90% with Zn-LHS. Antibiofilm evaluation of these same strains showed biofilm formation inhibition > 90% and > 80% for Zn-LHS and TA-Zn-LHS, respectively. The toxicity evaluation of the materials in
Artemia salina
showed a classification of the materials as non-toxic to slightly toxic in concentrations up to 1 mg/mL. These results allow us to introduce a new nanohybrid useful for food safety with safe biological functions.
The synthesis of cis and trans geometrical isomers of platinum( ii ) complexes with a symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand ( Me NHC) is reported. These complexes were obtained from ...1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate, a masked NHC precursor. Their cytotoxicity, oxidative nature, and antibacterial behavior were investigated. The highest cytotoxic effect (IC 50 = 1.21 μM) was observed with the cis -Pt( Me NHC) 2 Cl 2 complex in the cervix cancerous cell line HeLa.
The synthesis of organometallic gold complexes with symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC) derivatives derived from 2-(methylthio)aniline is reported. These complexes were obtained as either ...molecular monocarbene or cationic biscarbene complex. These compounds were tested as gold nanoparticle precursors that were stabilized by the corresponding NHC ligand.
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The synthesis of organometallic gold complexes with symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC) derivatives derived from 2-(methylthio)aniline is reported. These complexes were obtained as either molecular monocarbene complexes Au(NHC)Cl, Au(NHC)Cl3, and Au(NHC)Br3) or cationic biscarbene complex Au(NHC)2PF6. These compounds were tested as gold nanoparticle precursors that were stabilized by the corresponding NHC ligand.
Adipose tissue and liver metabolism play a key role in maintaining body homeostasis; therefore, their impairment conduces a pathological state. Nowadays, occidental lifestyle is a common etiological ...issue among a variety of chronic diseases, while diet is a unique strategy to prevent obesity and liver metabolism impairment and is a powerful player in the treatment of metabolic-related diseases. Mesoamerican foods are rich in bioactive molecules that enhance and improve adipose tissue and liver performance and represent a prophylactic and therapeutic alternative for disorders related to the loss of homeostasis in the metabolism of these two important tissues.
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