Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are classified as a combination of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. The Rome IV criteria can elucidate several factors in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. ...The frequency of FGIDs can differ between clinical and nonclinical settings and between geographic regions. To determine the global prevalence of FGIDs in neonates and toddlers according to the Rome IV criteria. We included cohort and descriptive observational studies reporting the prevalence of FGIDs according to the Rome IV criteria in children aged 0–48 months. We searched the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and CENTRAL databases from May 2016 to the present day. Furthermore, unpublished literature was searched to supplement this information. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement was used to evaluate the risk of bias. A meta-analysis of the proportions was performed using MetaProp in R. The results are reported in forest plots. We identified and analyzed 15 studies comprising 48,325 participants. Six studies were conducted in Europe, three in Latin America, two in North America, and four in Asia. Most participants were 12–48 months old (61.0%) and were recruited from the community. The global prevalence of FGIDs was 22.0% (95% confidence interval, 15–31%). The most common disorder was functional constipation (9.0%), followed by infant regurgitation syndrome (8.0%). Its prevalence was higher in the Americas (28.0%). FGIDs, as defined by the Rome IV criteria, are present in 22% of children, and the most common primary disorder is functional constipation. A higher prevalence of FGIDs has been reported in America.
As education and knowledge are adapted to new education systems, as per the Bologna Plan, new technologies are required for educational support. In dentistry, the creation of virtual simulators can ...advance understanding in areas like anatomy. With this aim, a three-dimensional virtual model of the maxilo-mandibular system was created, based on a real infantile specimen. Once this model was developed, we applied this virtual structure to a teaching tool in a dentistry subject.The main objective of this project is the creation of a virtual model of the jaw, based on a real and infantile subject that serves as an educative tool in the scope of Paediatric Dentistry Anatomy. The secondary aims were to evaluate this model as an educational tool in a paediatric dentistry subject. For the main objective we obtained tomographic cuts of the craniofacial skeleton of a three-year-old girl that were transcribed to the program Amira 5.3.0. On the cuts, we segmented and named all the mandibular structures: jaw, temporary teeth, and permanent teeth. For the secondary aims we developed virtual clinical cases based on this mandibular model and gave a questionnaire to 29 dentistry students in order to evaluate the tool. A total of 512 cuts were obtained in sagittal and coronal planes and 309 in the cross-sectional plane of a thickness of 0.625 mm. In different colours, we segmented the total 25 structures to generate a three-dimensional mandibular model. For the questionnaire, the results of the students' satisfaction of the tool were high, with an overall score of 8.5 out of 10. The educative system based on the Bologna Plan is a reality. The self-training based on test and error, is a strategy of extreme utility for the student. With an interactive model, the student is able to value his knowledge instantaneously, and the presence of a professor is not essential at all times. Through this real model, we have described the anatomical study of temporary teething, as well as its interactions with the developing permanent dentition, in a three-dimensional form. The students' satisfaction of the teaching tool was high.
Introduction
The evolution of the pandemic has generated a crisis in all areas, also including the faculties of dentistry. We detail how the teaching guides for clinical subjects have been adapted in ...the Department of Clinical Dentistry at the Universidad Europea of Madrid, moving to a 100% online environment.
Usual development of clinical practices in the DDS degree of UEM
Students in the fourth and fifth year of DDS degree take the courses “Introduction to Clinical Practice” and “Supervised Practice.” Within the framework of continuous assessment, different systems and procedures are used to evaluate knowledge, skills or competences.
Curricular adaptation during the period of the COVID‐19 pandemic
It was necessary to adapt the practical contents to virtual contents. 35% of the course (12 weeks) was adapted to a 100% online environment. Several activities were carried out that could be evaluated in real time, including lectures, clinical cases and resolution of multidisciplinary dental treatments.
Development of clinical practices in health education in other institutions during the pandemic
A narrative review was conducted to identify how this situation has been addressed in other institutions and countries; finding that similarly, it has been possible to establish monitoring of clinical practices in a virtual environment. An online questionnaire was conducted to the fourth and fifth year students of DDS degree to stablish the acceptance of the adaptation during the pandemic.
Conclusion
Despite the limitations of online training for the development of clinical practice, a system has been established to ensure appropriate clinical training for undergraduate students in dentistry. Some of the developments were well accepted by the students.
X-ray and gamma ray shielding behavior of concrete blocks Hernandez-Murillo, Christian Geovanni; Molina Contreras, J. Rafael; Escalera-Velasco, Luis Alberto ...
Nuclear engineering and technology,
August 2020, 2020-08-00, 2020-08, Letnik:
52, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The shielding characteristics of two concrete blocks, widely used in the building industry in Mexico have been determined. These characteristics include the mass interaction coefficients, the linear ...attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers. The energy-dispersed X-ray fluorescence shows that the percentage mass content of each atom in the sample, and the atomic volume of the constituent elements of a material, plays an important role in its shielding capabilities. The total linear attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers were analyzed for a set of photon energies related to X-rays for diagnosis and cancer treatment with linear accelerators. Our results show that the concrete blocks have similar photon attenuation coefficients than the Portland concrete and better features than gypsum.
Small molecules have demonstrated promising results as successful alternatives to growth factors. In this study, focus was drawn to CHIR99021 and tideglusib as GSK-3 inhibitors known for their ...anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. The effect of both tideglusib and CHIR99021 on the proliferation, viability, and stemness of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was investigated to assess their possible role in regenerative dentistry. Briefly, hDPSCs were isolated from sound premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. Cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment were performed via cell counting kit-8 followed by flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic marker ANNEXIN V. The effect of both small molecules on the stemness of hDPSCs was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Both tideglusib and CHIR99021 were proven to be safe on hDPSCs. The tideglusib concentration that resulted in higher viable cells was 100 nM, while the concentration for CHIR99021 was 5 nM. Both small molecules successfully induced cellular proliferation and demonstrated minimal expression of ANNEXIN V, indicative of the absence of cellular apoptosis and further confirming their positive effect on proliferation. Finally, both small molecules enhanced stemness markers expression as evidenced by qRT-PCR, which, again, highlighted the positive effect of both tideglusib and CHIR99021 on safely promoting the proliferation of hDPSCs while maintaining their stemness.
To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children using Rome IV criteria and to compare the prevalence of FGIDs using Rome IV with Rome III criteria.
This was a ...cross-sectional study using the same methods as our previous study on FGIDs in Colombia. The Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome IV version was translated into Spanish, followed by reverse translation. Terms were adjusted to children's language by using focus groups of children. School children aged 8-18 years completed the Spanish version of the Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome IV. Data were compared with Rome III data.
In total, there were 3567 children (from 6 cities): 1071 preadolescents (8-12 years) and 2496 adolescents (13-18 years). Average age 13.7 ± 2.4 years (56.5% girls). A total of 21.2% of children had at least 1 FGID. Prevalence was significantly lower than Rome III (P = .004). Similar to Rome III, disorders of defecation were the most common, followed by abdominal pain, and disorders of nausea and vomiting. Prevalence of abdominal migraine decreased (P = .000) and functional dyspepsia increased (P = .000). The new diagnoses functional vomiting and functional nausea were present in 0.7% of all children.
The application of the Rome IV criteria resulted in a significantly lower prevalence of FGIDs; however, the relative frequency of each subgroup of disorders did not change. New diagnoses of the Rome IV criteria were present in a small percentage of children.
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most prevalent human intestinal parasite, with children living in developing countries being particularly at risk of infection. The occurrence and molecular diversity ...of G. duodenalis was investigated in stools specimens from 307 individuals aged one to nineteen years in Colombia. Samples were collected in three educational establishments (n: 163) and two hospital laboratories (n: 144) from urban and rural areas. Feces were concentrated using a biphasic sedimentation method and wet mounts of the sediment were examined by light microscopy. G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages were determined on positive samples by PCR of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), β-giardin (bg) and small-subunit (ssu) rRNA genes. G. duodenalis infection was detected by microscopy in 23 individuals (7.5%). The protozoan was more prevalent among specimens collected in educational establishments (11.6%) than in those obtained from hospital laboratories (2.8%). Infection was most common in individuals from urban areas and children aged 1–5 years. No significant association between diarrhea and infection could be demonstrated. Twenty Giardia-positive samples were successfully allocated to assemblage B (n: 11), sub-assemblage AII (n: 7), and assemblage A (n: 2). Results indicate the potential for transmission of G. duodenalis infection in children attending educational establishments and individuals from urban areas, where transmission seems to be primarily anthroponotic.
•Occurrence and genetic diversity of Giardia in children population from Colombia.•Giardia infection was most common among children aged 1–5 years from urban areas.•Most Giardia infections were not linked to diarrheal disease.•Results indicate the potential for transmission of Giardia in educational establishments.
L’anònim mestre de l’altar de Rímini o mestre de Rímini, actiu durant la primera meitat del segle XV i amb taller segurament localitzat al sud de la regió històrica de Francònia (actual Alemanya), va ...fer una producció escultòrica exclusivament en alabastre que s’exportaria pel continent europeu i que arribaria a indrets tan distants com Clerques (França), Utrecht (Països Baixos), Breslau (Polònia), Rímini i Milà (Itàlia) o Fuerteventura (Espanya). Amb un considerable corpus d’obra conservada, aquí en presentem dues de preservades a Catalunya, l’una al Museu del Cau Ferrat de Sitges i l’altra a l’església de la Pietat d’Igualada, tot analitzant-les acuradament per justificar-ne l’atribució en el cas de la primera i per incorporar la segona, fins ara inèdita, al catàleg de l’artista-taller.
Ecosistema y actividad emprendedora en México Guerrero, Maribel; Santamaría-Velasco, Carlos Alberto
Perfiles latinoamericanos : revista de la Sede Académica de México de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales,
01/2020, Letnik:
28, Številka:
55
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este artículo analiza los elementos que componen un ecosistema emprendedor para comprender la vinculación entre el emprendimiento y el desarrollo económico. Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa y ...cualitativa, la cual se ha aplicado para la región Centro-Occidente de México. Los resultados revelan los elementos del ecosistema que han incidido en la configuración de una diversidad emprendedora (rural-urbano, tecnológico-no tecnológico, familiar-no familiar) en dicha región, y muestran el impacto de la diversidad emprendedora en el desarrollo económico y social. Con base en esto se presentan las implicaciones para los agentes del ecosistema emprendedor en la región analizada.
The use of biowaste materials as additives in polymeric matrices has generated interest. Garlic is a seed that has wide application areas, not only in the food industry, because it has good ...bactericidal and antioxidant properties. Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity polymer that has a wide range of applications, including containers, construction materials, automotive parts, domestic issues, etc. In the present work, the obtaining of composite materials based on a Polypropylene with a medium melt flow index as a matrix and as a reinforcing agent garlic husk particles (GHP). The addition of GHP in different contents was evaluated (2 to 10 PHR), and the composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and X-ray diffraction (×RD). According to the results, the thermal stability of PP-GHP decreases with the GHP, in addition to the results of DSC and XRD, that showed that the crystallinity of PP-GHP composites was higher compared to the pristine PP. DMA results allow us to identify that the addition of GHP generates a reinforcing effect on PP matrix, which means that this waste material can be considered a bioadditive with positive effects on polymeric matrices.
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